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Pest Management Guide for Home Grounds and Animals

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Pest Management Guide for Home Grounds and Animals Home Grounds and Animals PUBLICATION 456-018 2021 PEST MANAGEMENT GUIDE Published by: Virginia Cooperative Extension Content Coordinators: Joyce G. Latimer and David Close, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Produced by Virginia Cooperative Extension Publications, Virginia Tech, 2021 www.ext.vt.edu ENTO-397P Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, veteran status, or any other basis protected by law. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Edwin J. Jones, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; M. Ray McKinnie, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State University, Petersburg. Keys to the Proper Use of Pesticides 1. Read the label on each pesticide container before each use. Follow the printed instructions to the letter; heed all cautions and warnings; note precautions about residues. 2. Store pesticides in the containers in which you bought them. Put them where children and animals cannot get to them - pref- erably locked-up and away from food, feed, seed, and other materials that may become harmful if contaminated. 3. Dispose of empty pesticide containers properly. See your physician if symptoms of illness occur during or after the use of pesticides. Disclaimer Commercial products are named in this publication for informational purposes only. Virginia Cooperative Extension does not endorse these products and does not intend discrimination against other products which also may be suitable. NOTICE: Because pesticide labels can change rapidly, you should read the label directions carefully before buying and using any pesticides. Regardless of the information provided here, you should always follow the latest product label when using any pesticide. If you have any doubt, please contact your local Extension agent, VDACS pesticide investigator, or pesticide dealer for the latest information on pesticide label changes. See Chapter 1 - Regulations and Basic Information for pesticide handling information. Home Grounds & Animals - 2021 - Chapter Section Table of Contents 1 Regulations and Basic Information 5 Lawn How to Use this Pest Management Guide for Home Lawn Diseases ........................................................ 5-1 Grounds and Animals ........................................... 1-1 Lawn Insects .......................................................... 5-3 Protecting Honey Bees .......................................... 1-29 Lawn Weeds .......................................................... 5-9 2 Home Vegetables 6 Nuisance Insects of the Home and Yard Introduction for Home Vegetable Insect Section..... 2-1 Insects in Recreation Areas .................................... 6-1 Organic Controls for Insects .................................. 2-2 Wood-Destroying Insects ....................................... 6-5 Vegetable Insects ................................................... 2-5 Household Insects .................................................... 6-7 Vegetable Diseases ............................................... 2-23 7 Pets Weed Management in Home Vegetable Gardens .... 2-30 Dog and Cat External Parasites .............................. 7-1 3 Home Fruit 8 Other Animals: Vertebrates as Pests ....................... 8-1 Disease and Insects ................................................. 3-1 9 Author Contact List .................................................. 9-1 Weed Management in Home Fruit Plantings ........ 3-25 10 Index ......................................................................... 10-1 4 Home Ornamentals Control of Ornamental Diseases ............................. 4-1 Diseases of Landscape Trees ................................ 4-11 Insects of Trees, Shrubs, Annuals, and Perennials . 4-27 Organic Controls for Insects of Home Ornamentals . 4-65 Insects of Foliage and Houseplants ...................... 4-67 Weed Management in Home Ornamental Beds ... 4-73 Table of Contents 3 1 Regulations and Basic Information How to Use this Pest Management Guide for Home Grounds and Animals .................... 1-1 Help is as Close as the Local Extension Office .......................................................... 1-1 How this Guide is Designed........................................................................................ 1-1 Getting to the Right Place in the Guide ...................................................................... 1-1 How Important Is Your Pest Problem? ........................................................................ 1-2 How Do You Choose a Pest Control Option? ............................................................. 1-2 Avoiding Harmful Effects ............................................................................................ 1-2 Who Should Apply the Control? .................................................................................. 1-2 How to Choose a Pest Control Company ................................................................... 1-3 What about Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?............................................................ 1-5 Can You Take Advantage of Natural Controls? ........................................................... 1-5 What Are Applied Controls? ........................................................................................ 1-6 Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides for Home Grounds and Animals ............................ 1-7 The Pesticide Label .................................................................................................... 1-7 Environmental Considerations ...................................................................................1-11 Preventing Human Exposure and Poisonings .......................................................... 1-12 Table 1.1 - Toxicity Categories ........................................................................... 1-13 Chemical Spill Kit ...................................................................................................... 1-17 Poison Information and Treatment Resources For Virginians .................................. 1-18 Applying the Correct Amount in the Right Place ....................................................... 1-19 Table 1.2 - Conversion Table ............................................................................... 1-20 Table 1.3 - Table of Weights, Measures, and Dilutions ....................................... 1-21 Pesticide Calibration Tables ...................................................................................... 1-22 Table 1.4 - Travel Speed Chart............................................................................ 1-22 Table 1.5 - Equivalent Quantities of Dry Materials (Wettable Powders) For Various Quantities of Water ..................................................................... 1-22 Table 1.6 - Equivalent Quantities of Liquid Materials (Emulsifiable Concentrates, etc.) for Various Quantities of Water ...................................... 1-22 Decontaminating Sprayers ....................................................................................... 1-23 Storage ..................................................................................................................... 1-23 Disposal .................................................................................................................... 1-23 Reference Tables ...................................................................................................... 1-24 Table 1.7 - Toxicity Data for Pesticides Used in Home Grounds and Animals .... 1-25 HOME GROUNDS & ANIMALS 2021 4 Table of Contents Virginia Pesticide Information Directory .................................................................... 1-26 Emergency Information............................................................................................. 1-26 General Information .................................................................................................. 1-27 Professional Associations ......................................................................................... 1-28 Protecting Honey Bees .................................................................................................. 1-29 A Note on Protecting Pollinators in Virginia .............................................................. 1-29 Causes of Honey Bee Poisoning ............................................................................. 1-30 Ways to Reduce Honey Bee Poisoning ................................................................... 1-30 Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees by Laboratory and Field Tests .......... 1-32 Index .............................................................................................................................. 1-35 2 Home Vegetables Introduction for Home Vegetable Insect Section .............................................................. 2-1 Organic Controls for Insects ............................................................................................ 2-2 Table 2.1 - Organic Products and Predators............................................................... 2-2 Vegetable Insects ............................................................................................................
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