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Winter Constellations
Winter Constellations *Orion *Canis Major *Monoceros *Canis Minor *Gemini *Auriga *Taurus *Eradinus *Lepus *Monoceros *Cancer *Lynx *Ursa Major *Ursa Minor *Draco *Camelopardalis *Cassiopeia *Cepheus *Andromeda *Perseus *Lacerta *Pegasus *Triangulum *Aries *Pisces *Cetus *Leo (rising) *Hydra (rising) *Canes Venatici (rising) Orion--Myth: Orion, the great hunter. In one myth, Orion boasted he would kill all the wild animals on the earth. But, the earth goddess Gaia, who was the protector of all animals, produced a gigantic scorpion, whose body was so heavily encased that Orion was unable to pierce through the armour, and was himself stung to death. His companion Artemis was greatly saddened and arranged for Orion to be immortalised among the stars. Scorpius, the scorpion, was placed on the opposite side of the sky so that Orion would never be hurt by it again. To this day, Orion is never seen in the sky at the same time as Scorpius. DSO’s ● ***M42 “Orion Nebula” (Neb) with Trapezium A stellar nursery where new stars are being born, perhaps a thousand stars. These are immense clouds of interstellar gas and dust collapse inward to form stars, mainly of ionized hydrogen which gives off the red glow so dominant, and also ionized greenish oxygen gas. The youngest stars may be less than 300,000 years old, even as young as 10,000 years old (compared to the Sun, 4.6 billion years old). 1300 ly. 1 ● *M43--(Neb) “De Marin’s Nebula” The star-forming “comma-shaped” region connected to the Orion Nebula. ● *M78--(Neb) Hard to see. A star-forming region connected to the Orion Nebula. -
A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short). -
Astronomy 2008 Index
Astronomy Magazine Article Title Index 10 rising stars of astronomy, 8:60–8:63 1.5 million galaxies revealed, 3:41–3:43 185 million years before the dinosaurs’ demise, did an asteroid nearly end life on Earth?, 4:34–4:39 A Aligned aurorae, 8:27 All about the Veil Nebula, 6:56–6:61 Amateur astronomy’s greatest generation, 8:68–8:71 Amateurs see fireballs from U.S. satellite kill, 7:24 Another Earth, 6:13 Another super-Earth discovered, 9:21 Antares gang, The, 7:18 Antimatter traced, 5:23 Are big-planet systems uncommon?, 10:23 Are super-sized Earths the new frontier?, 11:26–11:31 Are these space rocks from Mercury?, 11:32–11:37 Are we done yet?, 4:14 Are we looking for life in the right places?, 7:28–7:33 Ask the aliens, 3:12 Asteroid sleuths find the dino killer, 1:20 Astro-humiliation, 10:14 Astroimaging over ancient Greece, 12:64–12:69 Astronaut rescue rocket revs up, 11:22 Astronomers spy a giant particle accelerator in the sky, 5:21 Astronomers unearth a star’s death secrets, 10:18 Astronomers witness alien star flip-out, 6:27 Astronomy magazine’s first 35 years, 8:supplement Astronomy’s guide to Go-to telescopes, 10:supplement Auroral storm trigger confirmed, 11:18 B Backstage at Astronomy, 8:76–8:82 Basking in the Sun, 5:16 Biggest planet’s 5 deepest mysteries, The, 1:38–1:43 Binary pulsar test affirms relativity, 10:21 Binocular Telescope snaps first image, 6:21 Black hole sets a record, 2:20 Black holes wind up galaxy arms, 9:19 Brightest starburst galaxy discovered, 12:23 C Calling all space probes, 10:64–10:65 Calling on Cassiopeia, 11:76 Canada to launch new asteroid hunter, 11:19 Canada’s handy robot, 1:24 Cannibal next door, The, 3:38 Capture images of our local star, 4:66–4:67 Cassini confirms Titan lakes, 12:27 Cassini scopes Saturn’s two-toned moon, 1:25 Cassini “tastes” Enceladus’ plumes, 7:26 Cepheus’ fall delights, 10:85 Choose the dome that’s right for you, 5:70–5:71 Clearing the air about seeing vs. -
Interstellar Extinction in the Direction of Young Open Star Clusters
ISSN (Online) 2393-8021 ISSN (Print) 2394-1588 IARJSET International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6, Issue 5, May 2019 Interstellar Extinction in the Direction of Young Open Star Clusters Alok K. Durgapal* Center of Advanced Study, Department of Physics, D. S. B. Campus, Kumaun University Nainital, India Abstract: The total to selective extinction law in optical and near-IR wavelengths for twenty young open star clusters namely Berkeley 7, Collinder 69, Hogg 10, NGC 2362, Czernik 43, NGC 6530, NGC 6871, Bochum 10, Haffner 18, IC 4996, NGC 2384, NGC 6193, NGC 6618, NGC 7160, Collinder 232, Haffner 19, NGC 2401, NGC 6231, NGC 6823, NGC 7380 have been studied. It is found that fifteen clusters follow normal extinction law and five clusters show an anomalous behavior. Keywords: Star cluster: Reddening, interstellar dust- Interstellar extinction I. INTRODUCTION The interstellar dust which is remnant of star formation process can transmit and redirect the light of stars ([2]). As a result it becomes very difficult to determine accurate distances and magnitudes of astronomical objects ([11]); to overcome this difficulty we must have knowledge of composition of interstellar dust in every line of sight. The interstellar extinction is caused either by general interstellar medium (ISM) or by localized region of higher mean density ([9], [15]). Study of interstellar extinction provides information about components of the molecular cloud from which a star was formed. Young stars contain dust around them so young open star clusters are the ideal objects for extinction study ([5], [8], [10], [16], [17]). First started with Trumpler in 1920 and then many investigators studied extinction in the Galaxy. -
Übersicht NGC-Objektauswahl Cepheus Zur Übersichtskarte
NGC-Objektauswahl Cepheus NGC 40 NGC 7055 NGC 7354 NGC 188 NGC 7076 NGC 7380 NGC 1184 NGC 7129 NGC 7419 NGC 1544 NGC 7139 NGC 7423 NGC 2276 NGC 7142 NGC 7429 NGC 2300 NGC 7160 NGC 7510 NGC 6939 NGC 7226 NGC 7538 NGC 6949 NGC 7235 NGC 7708 NGC 6951 NGC 7261 NGC 7762 NGC 7023 NGC 7281 NGC 7822 Sternbild- Übersicht Zur Objektauswahl: Nummer anklicken Zur Übersichtskarte: Objekt anklicken Sternbildübersicht Auswahl NGC 40_7708 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 188_Aufsuchkarte 2 UMi 2 Auswahl NGC 1184 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 1544_2276_2300 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 6939 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 6949_6951 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7023 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7055 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7076 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7129_7142 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7139_7160 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7226_7235 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl N 7261_7281 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7354_7419_7429_7510_7538 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7380_7423 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 7762_7822 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl NGC 40 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 188 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 1184 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 1544 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte N 2276_N 2300 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 6939 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 6949 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 6951 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 7023 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 7055 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 7076 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 7129_7142 Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- Auswahl karte NGC 7139 -
Newsletter Archive the Skyscraper October 2018
the vol. 45 no. 10 Skyscraper October 2018 AMATEUR ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF RHODE ISLAND 47 PEEPTOAD ROAD NORTH SCITUATE, RHODE ISLAND 02857 WWW.THESKYSCRAPERS.ORG In This Issue: 2 Upcoming Meetings 2 Skyscrapers Library Update 3 Moon Maps 4 Observe the Moon 5 The Sun, Moon & Planets in October 6 October Meteor Showers & Still Time to Observe Mars and Saturn 7 On the Change of Seasons 8 NGC 7129 : Cluster & Nebula in Cepheus Saturday, October 20, 7:00pm 9 August Reports at Seagrave Observatory 9 My First Telescope: A Every year, astronomers dedicate one night to really concentrate on our Family Program only natural satellite, the Moon. Observatories around the world will be enjoying the sight of the Moon, in its waxing gibbous phase. Seagrave Memorial Observatory will have its beautiful 1878 8-inch Clark refractor and other telescopes open for the evening. Members of Skyscrap- ers, Inc., guardians of Seagrave Memorial Observatory, will be available to interpret your observations, to make your visit truly a night to remember. Come and be a part of a worldwide effort to introduce, and appreciate, our Phases of the Moon nearest celestial neighbor. Last Quarter Moon October 2 09:45 New Moon October 9 03:47 Seagrave Memorial First Quarter Moon Observatory October 16 18:02 Open Nights Full Hunter's Moon October 24 16:45 Saturdays st 7:00 pm Last Quarter Moon weather permitting October 31 16:40 Upcoming Meetings Skyscrapers Library Update Friday, November 2: Seagrave Observatory Thanks to member Roger Forsythe for his donation of books to Diana Hannikainen: "Stepping Through the Cosmos" our library a couple of months ago. -
SAC's 110 Best of the NGC
SAC's 110 Best of the NGC by Paul Dickson Version: 1.4 | March 26, 1997 Copyright °c 1996, by Paul Dickson. All rights reserved If you purchased this book from Paul Dickson directly, please ignore this form. I already have most of this information. Why Should You Register This Book? Please register your copy of this book. I have done two book, SAC's 110 Best of the NGC and the Messier Logbook. In the works for late 1997 is a four volume set for the Herschel 400. q I am a beginner and I bought this book to get start with deep-sky observing. q I am an intermediate observer. I bought this book to observe these objects again. q I am an advance observer. I bought this book to add to my collect and/or re-observe these objects again. The book I'm registering is: q SAC's 110 Best of the NGC q Messier Logbook q I would like to purchase a copy of Herschel 400 book when it becomes available. Club Name: __________________________________________ Your Name: __________________________________________ Address: ____________________________________________ City: __________________ State: ____ Zip Code: _________ Mail this to: or E-mail it to: Paul Dickson 7714 N 36th Ave [email protected] Phoenix, AZ 85051-6401 After Observing the Messier Catalog, Try this Observing List: SAC's 110 Best of the NGC [email protected] http://www.seds.org/pub/info/newsletters/sacnews/html/sac.110.best.ngc.html SAC's 110 Best of the NGC is an observing list of some of the best objects after those in the Messier Catalog. -
Open Clusters
Open Clusters Open clusters (also known as galactic clusters) are of tremendous importance to the science of astronomy, if not to astrophysics and cosmology generally. Star clusters serve as the "laboratories" of astronomy, with stars now all at nearly the same distance and all created at essentially the same time. Each cluster thus is a running experiment, where we can observe the effects of composition, age, and environment. We are hobbled by seeing only a snapshot in time of each cluster, but taken collectively we can understand their evolution, and that of their included stars. These clusters are also important tracers of the Milky Way and other parent galaxies. They help us to understand their current structure and derive theories of the creation and evolution of galaxies. Just as importantly, starting from just the Hyades and the Pleiades, and then going to more distance clusters, open clusters serve to define the distance scale of the Milky Way, and from there all other galaxies and the entire universe. However, there is far more to the study of star clusters than that. Anyone who has looked at a cluster through a telescope or binoculars has realized that these are objects of immense beauty and symmetry. Whether a cluster like the Pleiades seen with delicate beauty with the unaided eye or in a small telescope or binoculars, or a cluster like NGC 7789 whose thousands of stars are seen with overpowering wonder in a large telescope, open clusters can only bring awe and amazement to the viewer. These sights are available to all. -
A. L. Observing Programs Object Duplications
A. L. OBSERVING PROGRAMS OBJECT DUPLICATIONS Compiled by Bill Warren Note: This report is limited to the following A. L. observing programs: Arp Peculiar Galaxies; Binocular Messier; Caldwell; Deep Sky Binocular; Galaxy Groups & Clusters; Globular Cluster; Herschel 400; Herschel II; Lunar; Messier; Open Cluster; Planetary Nebula; Universe Sampler; and Urban. It does not include the other A. L. observing programs, none of which contain duplicated objects. Like the A. L. itself, I’m using constellation names, not genitives (e.g., Orion, not Orionis) with double stars as an aid for beginners who might be referencing this. -Bill Warren Considerable duplication exists among the various A.L. observing programs. In fact, no less than 228 objects (8 lunar, 14 double stars and 206 deep-sky) appear in more than one program. For example, M42 is on the lists of the Messier, Binocular Messier, Universe Sampler and Urban Program. Duplication is important because, with certain exceptions noted below, if you observe an object once you can use that same observation in other A. L. programs in which that object appears. Of the 110 Messiers, 102 of them are also on the Binocular Messier list (18x50 version). To qualify for a Binocular Messier pin, you need only to find any 70 of them. Of course, they are duplicates only when you observe them in binocs; otherwise, they must be observed separately. Among its 100 targets, the Urban Program contains 41 Messiers, 14 Double Stars and 27 other deep-sky objects that appear on other lists. However, they are duplicates only if they are observed under light-polluted conditions; otherwise, they must be observed separately. -
Close Binary Stars in the Galactic Open Clusters
Close Binary Stars in the Galactic Open Clusters Kadri Yakut University of Ege, Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences 35100, İzmir-Turkey The IMPACT of BINARIES on STELLAR EVOLUTION July 4, 2017, Garching-Germany (Binary) stellar evolution the equation of the nuclear hydrostatic the radiative opacity state reaction network equilibrium (from core to surface (pressure vs. radiative/convective) gravity) Convection with rotationally driven mixing and diffusive the mixing-length semi-convective separation of abundances (Ap, Am and theory stellar wind mixing Fm stars) mass-loss (dynamo action) convective core tidal friction overshooting (circularize orbits) Evolution Codes Cambridge STARS Code -Eggleton (1971-73) -Pols, Tout, Eggleton, Zhanwen (1995) EV Code -Hurley, Pols, Tout (2000) -Yakut & Eggleton (2005) -Eldridge+ -Eggleton (2006) -Eggleton & Yakut (2017) Close binary stars (CBS) “close binary” • à P is short • à tidal force & RLOF play important roles • à AM, cMT,ncMT, ML, AML and NE • à synchronously rotating • à circular orbit CBS types: -Detached (D) [e.g, RS CVn, Giant+MS, Giant+Giant] -Semi-detached (SD) [e.g. NCB, CV, X-ray binaries, AM CVn, ..] -Contact (C) [e.g., LTCB=W UMa, ETCB] close binary stars (CBS) M, y, z, α, dM/dt + Mt, q, Pbin, dMt/dt, P3, … Single Star: Model of the Sun from its birth to its dead Hypothetical mass-loss and dynamo activity during the Sun's evolution. Today BC 4.525.000.000 Eggleton & Yakut (2017) [MNRAS, 468, 3533] 1-Non-Conservative Evolution of Close/Interacting Binary Stars: Low-mass binary system 1.19 Ms + 0.94 Ms, 0.75 days Yakut & Eggleton (2005, 2018) 2- Non-Conservative Binary Evolution: High-mass binary system V382 Cyg (O6.5 V + O6 V) New observationsà Ege University Observatory Yaşarsoy & Yakut (2013) 8 [AJ, 145, 9] 3-Binary system with giant components: 60 systems Eggleton & Yakut (2017) [MNRAS, 468, 3533] The model of Capella seems to fit the observations very well!!! Primary- Aa Secondary Ab Figure 1. -
(Ap) Mag Size Distance Rise Transit Set Gal NGC 6217 Arp 185 Umi
Herschel 400 Observing List, evening of 2015 Oct 15 at Cleveland, Ohio Sunset 17:49, Twilight ends 19:18, Twilight begins 05:07, Sunrise 06:36, Moon rise 09:51, Moon set 19:35 Completely dark from 19:35 to 05:07. Waxing Crescent Moon. All times local (EST). Listing All Classes visible above the perfect horizon and in twilight or moonlight before 23:59. Cls Primary ID Alternate ID Con RA (Ap) Dec (Ap) Mag Size Distance Rise Transit Set Gal NGC 6217 Arp 185 UMi 16h31m48.9s +78°10'18" 11.9 2.6'x 2.1' - 15:22 - Gal NGC 2655 Arp 225 Cam 08h57m35.6s +78°09'22" 11 4.5'x 2.8' - 7:46 - Gal NGC 3147 MCG 12-10-25 Dra 10h18m08.0s +73°19'01" 11.3 4.1'x 3.5' - 9:06 - PNe NGC 40 PN G120.0+09.8 Cep 00h13m59.3s +72°36'43" 10.7 1.0' 3700 ly - 23:03 - Gal NGC 2985 MCG 12-10-6 UMa 09h51m42.0s +72°12'01" 11.2 3.8'x 3.1' - 8:39 - Gal Cigar Galaxy M 82 UMa 09h57m06.5s +69°35'59" 9 9.3'x 4.4' 12.0 Mly - 8:45 - Gal NGC 1961 Arp 184 Cam 05h43m51.6s +69°22'44" 11.8 4.1'x 2.9' 180.0 Mly - 4:32 - Gal NGC 2787 MCG 12-9-39 UMa 09h20m40.5s +69°07'51" 11.6 3.2'x 1.8' - 8:09 - Gal NGC 3077 MCG 12-10-17 UMa 10h04m31.3s +68°39'09" 10.6 5.1'x 4.2' 12.0 Mly - 8:52 - Gal NGC 2976 MCG 11-12-25 UMa 09h48m29.2s +67°50'21" 10.8 6.0'x 3.1' 15.0 Mly - 8:36 - PNe Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6543 Dra 17h58m31.7s +66°38'25" 8.3 22" 4400 ly - 16:49 - Open NGC 7142 Collinder 442 Cep 21h45m34.2s +65°51'16" 10 12.0' 5500 ly - 20:35 - Gal NGC 2403 MCG 11-10-7 Cam 07h38m20.9s +65°33'36" 8.8 20.0'x 10.0' 11.0 Mly - 6:26 - Open NGC 637 Collinder 17 Cas 01h44m15.4s +64°07'07" 7.3 3.0' 7000 ly - 0:33 -
Interstellar Extinction in Twenty Open Star Clusters 3 Error ∼ 0.01 Mag in V and ∼ 0.02 Mag in (B − V ), (V − R) and (V − I) While ∼ 0.03 Mag in (U − B)
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA) c Astronomical Society of Australia 2017; published by Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/pas.2017.xxx. Interstellar extinction in twenty open star clusters Geeta Rangwal1∗, R. K. S. Yadav2†, Alok Durgapal1‡, D. Bisht3SS 1 Center of Advanced Study, Department of Physics, D. S. B. Campus, Kumaun University Nainital 263002, India. 2 Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Manora Peak, Nainital 263002, India. 3 Astronomy and Astrophysics Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Abstract The interstellar extinction law in twenty open star clusters namely Berkeley 7, Collinder 69, Hogg 10, NGC 2362, Czernik 43, NGC 6530, NGC 6871, Bochum 10, Haffner 18, IC 4996, NGC 2384, NGC 6193, NGC 6618, NGC 7160, Collinder 232, Haffner 19, NGC 2401, NGC 6231, NGC 6823 and NGC 7380 have been studied in the optical and near-IR wavelength ranges. The difference between maximum and minimum values of E(B − V ) indicates the presence of non-uniform extinction in all the clusters except Collinder 69, NGC 2362 and NGC 2384. The colour excess ratios are consistent with a normal extinction law for the clusters NGC 6823, Haffner 18, Haffner 19, NGC 7160, NGC 6193, NGC 2401, NGC 2384, NGC 6871, NGC 7380, Berkeley 7, Collinder 69 and IC 4996. We have found that the differential color-excess ∆E(B − V ), which may be due to the occurrence of dust and gas inside the clusters, decreases with the age of the clusters. A spatial variation of color excess is found in NGC 6193 in the sense that it decreases from east to west in the cluster region.