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Edmund Burke E Silva Lisboa: Escritos Políticos, Diferentes Leituras

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Edmund Burke E Silva Lisboa: Escritos Políticos, Diferentes Leituras UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E FILOSOFIA DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA Edmund Burke e Silva Lisboa: Escritos políticos, diferentes leituras Rosemary Saraiva da Silva NITERÓI Julho, 2018 ROSEMARY SARAIVA DA SILVA Edmund Burke e Silva Lisboa: escritos políticos e diferentes leituras Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Curso de História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. GUILHERME P. C. PEREIRA DAS NEVES Niterói, julho de 2018. Agradecimentos Realizar sonhos acalentados por anos é um objetivo que todos procuram, mas fiz um caminho que, por vezes, me pareceu tortuoso demais: trabalhar, casar, cuidar de filhos, criá-los até vê-los seguir seus próprios caminhos. Foi difícil manter acesa a chama de fazer um novo caminho acadêmico. Tudo fica mais fácil quando ao lado se tem um companheiro por mais de trinta anos que nos conhece tão bem e que nos valoriza, além de filhos maravilhosos que compreendem o quanto é importante para você buscar realizar um sonho de juventude. Já agradeci a eles outras vezes, em outras fases desse caminho em busca da nova vida voltada à História, e vou continuar a agradecer sempre, pois eles merecem muito: OBRIGADA. Meu marido Antonio Augusto, meus filhos Bruno e Diogo são o que de melhor construí na vida. São os meus maiores incentivadores para buscar uma nova vida após anos dedicados a uma carreira profissional administrativa, bem distante da vida acadêmica. Em orações lembro meus pais Augusto e Darcy que me deram meios para me educar e buscar chegar ao Mestrado numa área bem diferente da minha primeira graduação e o quanto eles me auxiliaram com a criação dos meus filhos, especialmente, quando fui fazer o curso de Licenciatura em História. Agradeço também aos professores que me estimularam no decorrer do Mestrado e muito acresceram ao conteúdo da pesquisa com informações úteis e valorosos ensinamentos: Lúcia Bastos, Ana Carolina Delmas, Fabiano Vilaça, Bruna Soalheiro, todos da UERJ, e Giselle Venâncio, Luciano Figueiredo, Renato Franco e Silvia Patuzzi, da UFF. Um agradecimento especial ao Professor Rodrigo Elias por ter aceito participar da banca e pelas interessantes sugestões ao texto final. Por fim, um agradecimento especial para o meu orientador, Prof. Guilherme Pereira das Neves, que foi o responsável pela minha escolha pela História, há mais de 40 anos, quando ainda em no início de sua carreira, foi meu professor no antigo Ginásio (hoje, Ensino Fundamental), além do incentivo que sempre me deu para participar do processo seletivo e em desenvolver o tema dessa dissertação. Resumo O letrado Silva Lisboa, que mais tarde seria conhecido como Visconde de Cairu, aceitou a incumbência que lhe foi dada por D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho e fez uma tradução da principal obra literária do irlandês Edmund Burke, Reflexões sobre a Revolução na França, vertendo-a para o português. São conhecidas duas edições dessa nova obra, em 1812 e 1822. Dada a importância do seu conteúdo contrarrevolucionário pareceu à Coroa Portuguesa ser interessante que tais críticas ao movimento revolucionário francês fossem divulgadas em seu principal território e, naquele momento, sede do Império Português. A pesquisa realizada buscou esclarecer que tipo de tradução fora feito por Silva Lisboa, e identificar o motivo pelo qual a dedicatória existente na primeira edição de 1812, dirigida ao nobre inglês Visconde de Strangford e in memoriam do ministro e benfeitor de Silva Lisboa, D. Rodrigo, não fez parte da segunda. Para tanto, foi necessário contextualizar a realidade vivida pelos dois personagens, dignos representantes do mundo letrado, tão influenciado pelas diversas vertentes das Luzes europeias, e também o estudo analítico das edições da obra do brasileiro, a fim de que se pudesse chegar ao melhor entendimento quanto à obra publicada pelo brasileiro pode representar uma adaptação ou uma releitura ajustada à realidade vivida nos dois momentos das publicações pela monarquia portuguesa. Palavras-chaves: Silva Lisboa, Edmund Burke, revolução, contrarrevolução, Iluminismo, Conservadorismo, Revolução Francesa, Liberalismo. Abstract The literate Silva Lisboa, later to be known as Viscount of Cairu, accepted the assignment given to him by D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho and made a translation of the main literary work of the Irish Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, pouring it to Portuguese. Two editions of this new work are known in 1812 and 1822. Given the importance of its counterrevolutionary content, it seemed to the Portuguese Crown to be interesting that such criticisms of the French revolutionary movement should be disseminated in its main territory and at that time the seat of the Portuguese Empire. The research carried out sought to clarify what kind of translation was made by Silva Lisboa, and to identify the reason why the dedication existing in the first edition of 1812, addressed to the English nobleman Visconde de Strangford and in memoriam of the minister and benefactor of Silva Lisboa, D. Rodrigo, was not part of the second. For that, it was necessary to contextualize the reality lived by the two characters, worthy representatives of the literate world, so influenced by the various aspects of the European Lights, as well as the analytical study of the editions of the Brazilian work, so that one could arrive at the best understanding as to the work published by the Brazilian may represent an adaptation or a reread adjusted to the reality lived in the two moments of the publications by the Portuguese monarchy. Keywords: Silva Lisbon, Edmund Burke, revolution, counterrevolution, Enlightenment, Conservatism, French Revolution, Liberalism. 6 Sumário Introdução................................................................................................................... 8 Capítulo 1 – VENTOS DE MUDANÇAS, NOVOS TEMPOS.............................. 15 1.1. A Inglaterra e as Mudanças do século XVIII ..................................................... 15 1.2. Portugal no século XVIII..................................................................................... 22 1.3. O século XIX e os novos ares políticos .............................................................. 30 1.3.1. Os diversos conceitos de Revolução........................................................ 30 1.3.2. A Revolução Francesa (1789-1799)........................................................ 37 1.3.3. A Era Napoleônica (1799-1815).............................................................. 41 1.3.4. Os movimentos de independência na América Latina............................. 47 1.3.5. A Corte de Portugal na América (1808-1821)......................................... 50 1.3.6. Os movimentos revolucionários de 1817 ................................................ 54 1.3.7. A Revolução liberal do Porto e as cortes ................................................ 62 Capítulo 2 – EDMUND BURKE E O IMPÉRIO BRITÂNICO ......................... 67 2.1. A formação do intelectual Edmund Burke.......................................................... 69 2.2. A participação no The Club ............................................................................... 78 2.3. A atuação política de Burke ................................................................................ 93 2.4. A resposta ao amigo francês após a Revolução...................................................107 2.5. As reações às ideias contrarrevolucionárias de Burke....................................... 116 2.5.1. A crítica feminina de Mary Wollestonecraft (1759-1797) ................... 118 2.5.2. A visão do revolucionário Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ........................ 124 2.5.3. A crítica fundamentada de James Mackintosh (1765-1832) ................. 132 2.6. O pensamento burkeano ultrapassa o século XVIII........................................... 138 Capítulo 3 – SILVA LISBOA E O IMPÉRIO PORTUGUÊS ........................... 151 3.1. D. Rodrigo e um novo caminho para o Império................................................. 168 7 3.2. O funcionário leal à Coroa Portuguesa.............................................................. 174 3.3. O início com os escritos econômicos................................................................. 180 3.4. Os embates literários econômicos ..................................................................... 186 3.4.1. Manuel Luís da Veiga ........................................................................... 188 3.4.2. Joaquim José Rodrigues de Brito .......................................................... 196 3.5. Os embates panfletários políticos ...................................................................... 202 Capítulo 4 – RELEITURA DE UM LIVRO......................................................... 217 4.1. A questão editorial e a censura no Antigo Regime ........................................... 233 4.1.1. A censura e a liberdade de expressão no Brasil .................................... 239 4.2. O autor, o editor e a obra ................................................................................... 246 4.3. O dilema da tradução ......................................................................................... 260 Capítulo 5 – A DESCOBERTA DE UMA OBRA ............................................... 273 5.1. A obra de Edmund Burke criada por Silva Lisboa ........................................... 277 5.2. A situação conjuntural do Reino Unido ...........................................................
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