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Index Page numbers in italics refer to Figures. Page numbers in bold refer to Tables. Alaska-Chukotka, Sector B 3,4 Palaeogene 86, 87 Alert Geomagnetic Anomaly 13 Palaeozoic, early 66–69 Aleutian Basin 102–103 Palaeozoic, late 69–72 Aleutian subduction complex 103 Permian-Triassic 72 Allen Bay Formation 49, 50 Precambrian 62–65 Allman Bay Reverse Fault 49, 49, 50 zircon U-Pb dates 63, 138–140 Alpha Horst 91, 93 see also Provideniya-Chaplino region Alpha Ridge 14, 87, 452, 456 Arctic Alaska Chukotka (AAC) terrane 183–185 Cretaceous magmatism 288, 306, 388–389, 443, 449 geological setting 186–187 map 20, 398, 420, 442 integrated zircon studies Moho depth 91, 446 methods 188–191 sediment thickness 91 results 191–197 transect C data 91–93 results discussed 197–202 Amerasia Basin 1, 21, 61, 178, 443, 445, 446, 449, 456 Arctic lithosphere map 2, 83, 398, 442 Canada Basin 431–432 palaeo-reconstruction 386–388 Canadian Arctic Archipelago 432–433 transect C data 87 craton-ocean boundaries 432 Amerasia Basin Transform Fault 240, 256, 258 cratons 432 Amundsen Basin 420 Eurasia Basin 432 Anadyr 160 Iceland plume 434–435 Angayucham Belt 160 intraplate volcanism 434 Angayucham Terrane 62, 84 Siberian Traps 434 Angayukaqsraq, Mount 184 structure 431, 443, 444, 445 Anisin Formation 242 crust and sedimentary basins 445 Anisin Rift 243, 256, 271, 273, 280 mantle lithosphere 446 Anzhu Islands 239, 241 sub-lithospheric pressure 445–446 Anzhu Rift Zone 270, 273 Arctic Ocean apatite fission track (AFT) analysis 315, 318 basins 1, 2 Lomonosov Ridge 401, 403 tectonic elements 443 Novaya Zemlya thermochronology asthenosphere, S-wave velocity variations 424 methods 340 Atlantic Ocean, opening 288 results 342, 343, 344 automated multimode inversion (AMI) 422 results discussed 344–345 Axel Heiberg Island 20, 35, 449 Mesozoic thermal history 349–350 orogens 348–349 Bache Peninsula, transect segment (5) 10, 14, 38, sediment sources 345, 347–348 49–51, 49 Taimyr Peninsula fold-thrust belt Baffin Bay 20, 21, 433, 442, 443, 445 dating 322–323 Baffin Island 420 thermal history modelling Baidaratsky fault 356, 358 methods 318–319 balanced cross-sections results 321, 323, 324, 325–326, 325 Taimyr Peninsula study sampling pattern 319 methods 319, 322 significance of results 326, 329, 331 results 326 Wrangel Island thermochronology study significance of results 326, 327, 328, 329, 330 methods 213–214 Baltic Shield 420 results 229–230 lithosphere structure 432 40Ar/39Ar dating Baltica 335 Lomonosov Ridge 400, 402, 406 Balyktakh Formation 242 sills 372 Banks Basin 442, 449 Wrangel Island 213, 225–229 Barents Sea 398, 442445, 448, 449, 457 Archean cratons 421, 421–422 bathymetry 373 Archer Fiord Fault Zone 8, 10, 46, 48, 52 magnetic anomalies Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate/microcontinent methods 375, 378, 378 (AACM) 57, 58, 60 results 374 geological evolution 61–62 results discussed 378–379 Cretaceous 80–85 P-wave velocity model 375 magmatism 161–162 results discussed 379–380 Jurassic-Cretaceous 73–80 seismic survey 285 468 INDEX Barents Sea (Continued) Cosmos Hills 129, 130, 132 methods 372–375 Greywacke-Phyllite Belt 134–135 results 376, 377, 378 Schist Belt 133–134 results discussed 379 Yukon-Koyukuk 132–133 Barents Shelf 82, 184 results discussed 135–137 Barents-Kara Sea region Baltican-Laurentian origins 143–145 basement provinces 290 exotic terranes 145–146 depth to basement 290 Greywacke-Phyllite Belt 138, 140 depth to lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary 291 Yukon-Koyukuk 138 140–141 depth to Moho 288, 291 similarities with other terranes 138–140 free-air gravity field 289 source regions 141–143 geological framework 288 summary history 146–148 magnetic anomaly map 289 Brooks Range fold-thrust belt 76, 100, 160 regional transect study Burustass Formation 248 methods 287, 288, 292 results Cache Creek Ocean 443 transect (1) 292–294, 293, 301 Caledonian Orogen 3, 301, 303, 335, 411, 442, transect (2) 294–295, 294, 301 442, 445 transect (3) 295–297, 296, 301 Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate 66, 68 transect (4) 297–298, 297, 301 Caledonian orogeny 288, 302 transect (5) 298–299, 299, 301 Cambrian transect (6) 299–301, 300, 301 Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate 66 results discussed Bache Peninsula 49 basin development 304–306 Hazen Plateau 44, 44 orogenesis 301–304 Pechora Basin 304 summary 306–308 Taimyr Peninsula 317, 318 Barents-Kara Shelf Timanian orogeny 301 rifted crust 397 Yelverton Pass 41, 43 Sectors E, F, G 3,4 zircon ages 142 basalts Canada Basin 1, 87, 97–98, 397, 419 geochemistry, Franz Josef Land 372 lithosphere structure 431–432, 445, 446 South Anyui Suture Zone 248 Canadian Arctic Archipelago 432–433, 442, 449 basement Canadian Shield, crystalline basement 52 circum-Arctic 61 Cape Field Reverse Fault 49, 49 Ellesmere Island 27 Cape Hawks Thrust 49, 49, 50 provinces 290 Cape Lawrence Formation 49, 50 basin development Cape Storm Formation 50 Barents-Kara Sea region 304–306 Carboniferous High Arctic 445 Bache Peninsula 49 Bathurst Island 35, 433 extension 302 Baumann Fiord Formation 48 Pearya Terrane 38 Bay Fiord Formation 48 rifting, Barents-Kara Sea region 304 10Be isotope analysis, Lomonosov Ridge 402, 403, 409 stress indicators 448–449 Beaufort Sea 184, 420 Taimyr Peninsula 317, 318 lithosphere structure 432, 445 Cass Fiord Formation 47 Bel’Kov Island 449 Central Ellesmerian Domain 22, 28 Bel’kov-Svyatoi Nos Rift 273, 280 Central Ellesmerian fold belt 10,14 Belkovsky Island 239, 243, 245, 246, 249, 254 see also Judge Daly Promontory, transect segment (4) stratigraphy 242 Chaplino region Bennett Island 239, 243, 245, 247, 449, 451, 456 see Provideniya-Chaplino region Bering Shelf 85, 86, 184 Chekur Formation 242 continental arc magmatism 101 Christopher Formation 50 subduction margin 102 Chukchi Basin 445 Bering Shelf Platform 100–101 Chukchi Borderland 58, 87, 94–95, 398, 413, 420, 445 Bering Strait 84 Chukchi Plateau 3 Bering Strait CALE Transect C 58 Chukchi Platform 72 Bjørnøya basin 304, 305 Chukchi Sea 442 Blosseville Kyst 434 Chukchi Shelf 72, 95–97, 184 Boothia Uplift 35 Chukotka fold belt 442 Boulder Hills Formation 45 Chukotka microplate 3, 159 Brooks Range 75, 123, 124, 125, 184, 420 deformation history compared with Wrangel Island zircon U-Pb geochronology methods of analysis methods 127, 128, 129 AFT thermochronology 213–214 results 129 40Ar/39Ar 213 INDEX 469 EBSD 214 Danish River Formation 39, 44, 45 U-Pb zircon 213 De Geer transform fault 452 mapping 211 De Geer Zone 306 results 214–217 De Long High 265, 270 results discussed 230–233 De Long Islands 239, 241, 442, 449 geological setting 209, 211 stratigraphy 242 see also Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate/ De Long Massif 445 microcontinent (AACM) Denali Fault 58 also Provideniya-Chaplino region density model Chukotka plutonic belt 77 Ellesmere Island 11–12 Circum-Arctic Lithosphere Evolution (CALE) lithospheric 441, 445, 447, 448 project 1 Devon Island 420, 433 sector map 3 Devonian sector A Greenland-Canada 3–4 Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate 66, 68–69 sector B Alaska-Chukotka 4 Bache Peninsula 49 sector C Laptev Sea 4 Barents Sea 304 sectors E,F,G Barents-Kara shelf 4 Caledonian orogeny 301, 303 transect C 57, 58, 59, 61, 87, 88 extension 302 Aleutian Basin 102–103 large igneous province magmatism 288 Aleutian subduction complex 103 Pearya Terrane 38,39 Alpha Ridge 91–93 stress indicators 448 Bering Shelf Platform 100–101 Taimyr Peninsula 317, 318 Bering Shelf subduction margin 102 zircon ages 142–143 Brooks Range fold-thrust belt 100 Diahsaiar Formation 242 Canada Basin 97–98 Dobbin Bay syncline 46, 47, 52 Chukchi Borderland 94–95 Douro Formation 50 Chukchi Shelf 95–97 dyke swarms 371–372, 441 Colville Basin 99 relation to geopotential stress field 454–455 Front Porch Basin 93–94 dykes Hanna Trough 97 as stress indicators 447–452 Herald Arch 99–100 Barents Sea 378–379, 441 Hope Basin 101 emplacement modelling Lomonosov Ridge 89–90 conceptual 380–381, 380 Makarov Basin 89, 90–91 mechanical 381–386 Navarin Basin 101–102 numerical 383–384, 385–386 North Chukchi Borderland Slope 94–95 overview of models 386–390 Norton Basin 101 St Matthew Basin 101 East Barents Basin 288 summary 103–107 East Barents Megabasin 442, 448 Western Beaufort Rift Margin 98–99 East Barents Sea Basin, magma transport 389–390 Coldfoot terrane 127 East Laptev Horst and Graben Province 271, 273 Colville Basin 99 East Siberian Craton 263 continent-ocean boundaries 444, 446 East Siberian Sea Rift Basin 442 continental lithosphere 420 East Siberian Shelf 159 Cordilleran Deformation Front 420 see Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate/ Cornwallis Island 433 microcontinent (AACM) Cosmos Hills 126 electron back-scatter diffraction analysis (EBSD) zircon geochronology129, 130, 132 Wrangel Island 214, 222–225 cratons 421 Elesekh Formation 242 lithosphere structure 432 Ella Bay Formation 52 Cretaceous Ellef Ringnes Island 35, 449 Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate 73–85 Ellesmere Island 433, 443, 449 Bache Peninsula 49 basement depth 27 basin development, Barents-Kara Sea region 305 cross section 10, 22–23, 24,25 Hazen Plateau 44, 44 crustal mapping 25 magmatism 161–162, 177 crustal velocity model 11, 11 Pearya Terrane 38,39 crystalline basement 27 rifting and basin development 449–452 density model 11–12, 11 Taimyr Peninsula 317 geological setting 8,9–11 tectonic history 443 gravity field 22 Yelverton Pass 41,42 lithosphere structure 433, 434 Crockerland 411 map 8, 36, 420 crustal density model, Ellesmere Island 11–12 Moho depth 25–26, 28 crustal velocity model, Ellesmere Island 11–12 structural transect 470 INDEX Ellesmere
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    ABSTRACT PADGETT, ASHLY BROOK. Terrestrial Paleoclimate

    ABSTRACT PADGETT, ASHLY BROOK. Terrestrial Paleoclimate and Geology during Unusual Climate States – Utilizing Isotope Geochemistry across Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands, Arctic Canada (Under the direction of Dr. Ethan G. Hyland). Terrestrial proxy data for sensitive polar regions like the Canadian Arctic during past warm intervals are currently limited. Developing accurate records of paleoclimate and paleoenvironments during past warm periods like the late Paleocene and early Eocene is necessary to predict potential consequences of future anthropogenic warming, particularly in polar regions that may experience dramatic responses to climate change due to their role in carbon storage and surface albedo feedbacks. Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands in the Canadian Arctic preserve long-term paleoclimate and geologic archives in terrestrial fluvio- deltaic, floodplain, and paludal deposits from the late Paleocene to middle Eocene (approximately 59 to 45 Ma). This work expands on existing stratigraphic, paleontological, and natural resource explorations from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago through the addition of 13 18 stable (δ C, δ O) and clumped (Δ47) isotope analyses on palustrine carbonates. δ13C isotope values range from -4.6 to +12.3‰ (VPDB), and δ18O isotope values range from -23.1 to -15.2‰ (VPDB). Samples are classified into four fabric types: Micritic, Micritic to Microspar, Microspar, and Sparry, with carbon isotopic values (δ13C) averaging 9.8‰, 4.5‰, 3.4‰, 2.0‰ , and oxygen isotopic values (δ18O) averaging -17.2‰, -17.8‰, -18.0‰, -18.9‰ respectively. Both carbon and oxygen stable isotope averages decrease with an increased level of alteration. Unusually positive carbon isotope values suggest carbonates experienced repeated dissolution-precipitation enrichment cycles.
  • The Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the New Siberian Islands, NE Russia

    The Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the New Siberian Islands, NE Russia

    Geol. Mag. 152 (3), 2015, pp. 480–491. c Cambridge University Press 2014 480 doi:10.1017/S0016756814000326 The Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the New Siberian Islands, NE Russia ∗ CHRISTIAN BRANDES †, KARSTEN PIEPJOHN‡, DIETER FRANKE‡, NIKOLAY SOBOLEV§ & CHRISTOPH GAEDICKE‡ ∗ Institut für Geologie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße, 30167 Hannover, Germany ‡Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany §A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Sredny av. 74, 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia (Received 27 December 2013; accepted 4 June 2014; first published online 25 September 2014) Abstract – On the New Siberian Islands the rocks of the east Russian Arctic shelf are exposed and allow an assessment of the structural evolution of the region. Tectonic fabrics provide evidence of three palaeo-shortening directions (NE–SW, WNW–ESE and NNW–SSE to NNE–SSW) and one set of palaeo-extension directions revealed a NE–SW to NNE–SSW direction. The contractional deformation is most likely the expression of the Cretaceous formation of the South Anyui fold–thrust belt. The NE–SW shortening is the most prominent tectonic phase in the study area. The WNW–ESE and NNW–SSE to NNE–SSW-oriented palaeo-shortening directions are also most likely related to fold belt formation; the latter might also have resulted from a bend in the suture zone. The younger Cenozoic NE–SW to NNE–SSW extensional direction is interpreted as a consequence of rifting in the Laptev Sea. Keywords: New Siberian Islands, De Long Islands, South Anyui suture zone, fold–thrust belt. 1. Introduction slip data. Such datasets deliver important information for understanding the regional geodynamic evolution In the last decades, several plate tectonic models have of the study area.