Colossus: the Missing Manual 2019
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To What Extent Did British Advancements in Cryptanalysis During World War II Influence the Development of Computer Technology?
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2016 Apr 28th, 9:00 AM - 10:15 AM To What Extent Did British Advancements in Cryptanalysis During World War II Influence the Development of Computer Technology? Hayley A. LeBlanc Sunset High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y LeBlanc, Hayley A., "To What Extent Did British Advancements in Cryptanalysis During World War II Influence the Development of Computer Technology?" (2016). Young Historians Conference. 1. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2016/oralpres/1 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. To what extent did British advancements in cryptanalysis during World War 2 influence the development of computer technology? Hayley LeBlanc 1936 words 1 Table of Contents Section A: Plan of Investigation…………………………………………………………………..3 Section B: Summary of Evidence………………………………………………………………....4 Section C: Evaluation of Sources…………………………………………………………………6 Section D: Analysis………………………………………………………………………………..7 Section E: Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………10 Section F: List of Sources………………………………………………………………………..11 Appendix A: Explanation of the Enigma Machine……………………………………….……...13 Appendix B: Glossary of Cryptology Terms.…………………………………………………....16 2 Section A: Plan of Investigation This investigation will focus on the advancements made in the field of computing by British codebreakers working on German ciphers during World War 2 (19391945). -
Theeccentric Engineer by Justin Pollard
106 TIME OUT COLUMNIST The name of Tommy Flowers deserves to be as well known as the computing industry giants who profited from his wartime efforts. TheEccentric Engineer by Justin Pollard PEOPLE Competition purpose machine, it was the first electronic computer. THE FORGOTTEN What are these Bletchley The device set to work on Park Wrens thinking as they Tunny intercepts. It also gained ENGINEER OF work on Colossus? The best a new name, thought up by BLETCHLEY PARK caption emailed to the members of the Women’s [email protected] by Royal Naval who operated the 23 March wins a pair of one-tonne, room-sized behemoth books from Haynes. – Colossus. A 2,400-valve version entered service four days before D-Day, providing crucial decrypts of Tunny messages in the lead-up to the invasion. It’s said system offering five trillion that Eisenhower had a Tunny times more combinations decrypt, courtesy of Colossus, than the 157 trillion offered in his hand as he gave the order by Enigma. The possibility to launch Operation Overlord. of getting bombes to crunch By the end of the war there that many permutations fast were ten Colossus machines at enough for the intelligence to Bletchley. After the surrender of have any value seemed remote. Germany, eight of them were The man charged with solving destroyed and the other two this conundrum was Max secretly moved to the peacetime Newman, whose ‘Hut F’ team was government intelligence centre, assigned the task of cracking the GCHQ, where one remained in ‘Tunny’ intercepts known to operation until 1960. -
Codebreaker in the Far East 1
CODEBREAKER o IN THE FAR EAST ALANSTRIPP With an Introduction by CHRISTOPHER ANDREW FRANK CASS First published in Greal Britain by FRANK CASS & CO. LTD. , Gainsborough House, Gainsborough Road, LoJldon Ell 1RS, England ~/() and in the United States ofAmerica by D FRANK CASS & CO. LTD. clo Biblio Distribution Center Contents C~% 81 Adams Drive, P.O. Box 327, Totowa, NJ 07511 6 Copyright tt> 1989 Alan Stripp List of illustrations vii S-t- Author's Note ix British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data I qq~9 Acknowledgments xi Stripp, Alan, 1924- Introduction by Christopher Andrew xiii Codebreaker in the Far East 1. World War 2. Military Cryptology I. Title 940.54'85 PART ONE: TOURS OF DUTY ISBN 0-7146-3363-1 A11408 737468 1. Cambridge, Bedford and Yorkshire 3 2. Bletchley Park 13 . --Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicatioll Data 3. Marc,ping Orders 29 Stripp, Alan, 1924- 4. Delhi 39 Codebreaker in the Far East p. cm. 5. Naini Tal, Agra and Abbottabad 48 Bibliography: p 58 Includes index. 6. Bangalore, Singapore and Cambridge ISBN 0-7146-3363-1 1. Stripp, AIan, 1924- .2. World War, 1939-1945-Cryptography. 3. World War, 1939-1945-Personal narratives, English. 4: World PART TWO: JAPANESE PUZZLES War, 1939-1945-Campaigns-Bunna. I. Title D81O.C88S76 1989 7. Japanese Codes and Ciphers: what were they like? 65 940.54'86'41-dcl9 89-741 80 CIP 8. What did they tell us? 9. How were they sent? 89 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro 10. How were they intercepted? 93 duced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise, witho;lt the prio; 11. -
SPYCATCHER by PETER WRIGHT with Paul Greengrass WILLIAM
SPYCATCHER by PETER WRIGHT with Paul Greengrass WILLIAM HEINEMANN: AUSTRALIA First published in 1987 by HEINEMANN PUBLISHERS AUSTRALIA (A division of Octopus Publishing Group/Australia Pty Ltd) 85 Abinger Street, Richmond, Victoria, 3121. Copyright (c) 1987 by Peter Wright ISBN 0-85561-166-9 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. TO MY WIFE LOIS Prologue For years I had wondered what the last day would be like. In January 1976 after two decades in the top echelons of the British Security Service, MI5, it was time to rejoin the real world. I emerged for the final time from Euston Road tube station. The winter sun shone brightly as I made my way down Gower Street toward Trafalgar Square. Fifty yards on I turned into the unmarked entrance to an anonymous office block. Tucked between an art college and a hospital stood the unlikely headquarters of British Counterespionage. I showed my pass to the policeman standing discreetly in the reception alcove and took one of the specially programmed lifts which carry senior officers to the sixth-floor inner sanctum. I walked silently down the corridor to my room next to the Director-General's suite. The offices were quiet. Far below I could hear the rumble of tube trains carrying commuters to the West End. I unlocked my door. In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer’s trade - a desk, two telephones, one scrambled for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front. -
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CURVE/open How I learned to stop worrying and love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park Smith, C Author post-print (accepted) deposited by Coventry University’s Repository Original citation & hyperlink: Smith, C 2014, 'How I learned to stop worrying and love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park' History of Science, vol 52, no. 2, pp. 200-222 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275314529861 DOI 10.1177/0073275314529861 ISSN 0073-2753 ESSN 1753-8564 Publisher: Sage Publications Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it. Mechanising the Information War – Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park Christopher Smith Abstract The Bombe machine was a key device in the cryptanalysis of the ciphers created by the machine system widely employed by the Axis powers during the Second World War – Enigma. -
Crypto Review
Crypto Review Track 3: Security Workshop Overview • What is Cryptography? • Symmetric Key Cryptography • Asymmetric Key Cryptography • Block and Stream Cipher • Digital Signature and Message Digest Cryptography • Cryptography is everywhere German Lorenz cipher machine Cryptography • Cryptography deals with creang documents that can be shared secretly over public communicaon channels • Other terms closely associated – Cryptanalysis = code breaking – Cryptology • Kryptos (hidden or secret) and Logos (descripGon) = secret speech / communicaon • combinaon of cryptography and cryptanalysis • Cryptography is a funcGon of plaintext and a Notaon: Plaintext (P) cryptographic key Ciphertext (C) C = F(P, k) Cryptographic Key (k) Typical Scenario • Alice wants to send a “secret” message to Bob • What are the possible problems? – Data can be intercepted • What are the ways to intercept this message? • How to conceal the message? – Encrypon Crypto Core • Secure key establishment Alice has key (k) Bob has key (k) • Secure communicaon m Confidenality and integrity m m Alice has key (k) Bob has key (k) Source: Dan Boneh, Stanford It can do much more • Digital Signatures • Anonymous communicaon • Anonymous digital cash – Spending a digital coin without anyone knowing my idenGty – Buy online anonymously? • ElecGons and private aucGons – Finding the winner without actually knowing individual votes (privacy) Source: Dan Boneh, Stanford Other uses are also theoreGcally possible (Crypto magic) What did she • Privately outsourcing computaon search for? E(query) -
War Machines: Women's Computing Work and the Underpinnings of the Data-Driven State, 1930-1946
Programmed Inequality How Britain Discarded Women Technologists and Lost Its Edge in Computing Marie Hicks HD 6135 H53 2017 The Library Mt. St. Vincent Univ. Halifax, N.S. B3M 2J6 The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 1 War Machines: Women's Computing Work and the Underpinnings of the Data-Driven State, 1930-1946 In recent years, the restoration of Bletchley Park has attracted worldwide attention. The country estate in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, was the site of the most important codebreaking operations of World War II and home to the first digital, electronic, programmable computer: the Colossus. The British-designed and manufactured Colossus computers, of which there were ten in all by war's end, were critical to the conduct of Allied wartime operations. Unlike their better-known U.S. counter part, the ENIAC, the Colossus computers were actually deployed during the war, actively changing its outcome. Kept secret for decades, the full import of the developments at Bletchley has only recently become widely known.1 Yet while popular culture has begun to recognize the importance of Bletchley's wartime operations, misunderstandings persist about the nature of the information work performed there. The 2014 blockbuster The Imitation Game, for instance, cleaves the Colossus computers from the narrative entirely in favor of building a "great man" narrative for a single codebreaker.2 Hidden within the story of Bletchley is a less popular narrative that cannot leverage the appeal of a lone genius and his accomplishments. Thousands of women worked at Bletchley during the war-most in tech nical roles.3 Although it is generally accepted that the striking and wide ranging roles of the mostly women workers within Bletchley Park give lie to stereotypes about computing as a traditionally masculine field, the contributions of these women have not been analyzed as constitutive of larger trends in the history of computing. -
M AA Teamups.Wps
Marvel : Avengers Alliance team-ups by Team-Up name _ Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (50 points) = Black Widow / Hawkeye / Mockingbird Ambulancechasers (50 points) = Dare Devil / She Hulk Arachnophobia (50 points) = Spiderman / Black Widow / Spiderwoman Asgard (50 points) = Thor / Sif Assemble (50 points) = Thor / Hulk / Hawkeye / Black Widow / Ironman / Captain America Aviary (50 points) = all Heroes with a Flying ability Best Coast (50 points) = Hawkeye / Mockingbird / War Machine Birds of a Feather (50 points)= Hawkeye / Mockingbird Bloodlust (50 points) = Wolverine / Black Cat / Sif Cat Fight (50 points) = Kitty Pryde / Black Cat Cosplayers (50 points) = Spiderman / Black Cat Defenders (50 points) = Dr.Strange / Hulk Egghead (50 points) = Hulk / Spiderman / Ironman / Mr.Fantastic Fantastic 4 (50 points) = all Fantastic 4 members Frenemies, Assemble (50 points) = Hawkeye / Black Widow Green Giants (50 points) = She-Hulk / Hulk Heroesforhire (50 points) = Luke Cage / Iron Fist Hard and Soft (50 points) = Kitty Pryde / Colossus Hotstuff (50 points) = Phoenix / Human Torch Illuminati (50 points) = Dr.Strange / Mr.Fantastic / Ironman King&Queen (50 points) = Black Panther / Storm Marvelous (50 points) = Phoenix / Ms. Marvel Sibling Rivalry (50 points) = Invisible Woman / Human Torch Tinmen (50 points) = War Machine / Iron Man Tossers (50 points) = Thing / Hulk / She-Hulk / Phoenix X-Force (50 points) = all X-Men members X-lovers (50 points) = Cyclops / Phoenix by Hero name _ Black Cat + Wolverine / Black Cat / Sif = Bloodlust (50 points) Black Cat + Kitty Pryde = Cat Fight (50 points) Black Cat + Spiderman = Cosplayers (50 points) Black Panther + Storm = King&Queen (50 points) Black Widow + Hawkeye / Mockingbird = Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. -
Colossus: the Missing Manual
Colossus: The Missing Manual Mark Priestley Research Fellow, The National Museum of Computing — Bletchley Park, UK Thomas Haigh University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee & Siegen University 1 serialized ciper text English Cipher text of one message plain text 1 0 0 1 1 (5 channel tape) 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 They were already 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 looking at him as approached in the distance, because he just stood out. He had quite an old face, 01101 11101 01011 0010 Knockolt Newmanry Newmanry Testery Testery Hut 3 Outstation Set Chi Wheels Generate Set Psi & Decrypt Translate Intercept, & Verify Counts “dechi” Motor Wheels Message Message Record & Verify Message (Colossus) (Tunny analog (Hand methods) (Tunny analog (Bilingual machine) machine) humans) dechi 1 0 0 1 1 0 27, 12, 30, 43, 8 Chi wheel 0 1 0 1 0 1 Psi & 55, 22 Sie sahen ihn schon 0 1 0 0 0 von weitem auf sich start posns. 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 motor start posns. zukommen, denn er for msg el auf. Er hatte ein 31, 3, 25, 18, 5 ganz altes Gesicht, aber wie er ging, German 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0110001010... plain text 0 1 0 0 0 Newmanry 1 0 1 1 0 0011010100... 1 0 0 1 0 10011001001... 01100010110... 1 0 0 1 1 0 Break Chi 01011001101... 0 1 0 1 0 1 0110001010... 0 1 0 0 0 Wheels 1 0 1 1 0 Chi wheel 0011010100.. -
Fantastic Four Volume 3: Back in Blue Free
FREE FANTASTIC FOUR VOLUME 3: BACK IN BLUE PDF Leonard Kirk,James Robinson | 120 pages | 05 May 2015 | Marvel Comics | 9780785192206 | English | New York, United States Fantastic Four Vol. 3: Back in Blue (Trade Paperback) | Comic Issues | Comic Books | Marvel Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. For a better shopping experience, please upgrade now. Javascript is not enabled in your browser. Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to Fantastic Four Volume 3: Back in Blue all the features of our site. Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser. Home 1 Books 2. Add to Wishlist. Sign in to Purchase Instantly. Explore Now. Buy As Gift. Overview Collects Fantastic Four The Fantastic Four must deal with the Council of Dooms, who treat that event as their nativity - and who have trevaled there to witness it! To make matters worse, Mr. Fantastic's sickness spreads to the Fantastic Four Volume 3: Back in Blue - and someone may be behind the illness that's befallen the First Family! The team must mastermind a planetary heist for technology that could save their lives, but spacetime has had enough of their traveling back and forth across it - and they soon find themselves trapped in a universe where the only five things left alive are themselves Product Details About the Author. About the Author. He lives in Portland, OR. Related Searches. The time-displaced young X-Men continue to adjust to a present day that's simultaneously more awe-inspiring The time-displaced young X-Men continue to adjust to a present day that's simultaneously more awe-inspiring and more disturbing than any future the young heroes had ever imagined for themselves. -
Code Breaking at Bletchley Park
Middle School Scholars’ CONTENTS Newsletter A Short History of Bletchley Park by Alex Lent Term 2020 Mapplebeck… p2-3 Alan Turing: A Profile by Sam Ramsey… Code Breaking at p4-6 Bletchley Park’s Role in World War II by Bletchley Park Harry Martin… p6-8 Review: Bletchley Park Museum by Joseph Conway… p9-10 The Women of Bletchley Park by Sammy Jarvis… p10-12 Bill Tutte: The Unsung Codebreaker by Archie Leishman… p12-14 A Very Short Introduction to Bletchley Park by Sam Corbett… p15-16 The Impact of Bletchley Park on Today’s World by Toby Pinnington… p17-18 Introduction A Beginner’s Guide to the Bombe by Luca “A gifted and distinguished boy, whose future Zurek… p19-21 career we shall watch with much interest.” This was the parting remark of Alan Turing’s Headmaster in his last school report. Little The German Equivalent of Bletchley could he have known what Turing would go on Park by Rupert Matthews… 21-22 to achieve alongside the other talented codebreakers of World War II at Bletchley Park. Covering Up Bletchley Park: Operation Our trip with the third year academic scholars Boniface by Philip Kimber… p23-25 this term explored the central role this site near Milton Keynes played in winning a war. 1 intercept stations. During the war, Bletchley A Short History of Bletchley Park Park had many cover names, which included by Alex Mapplebeck “B.P.”, “Station X” and the “Government Communications Headquarters”. The first mention of Bletchley Park in records is in the Domesday Book, where it is part of the Manor of Eaton. -
June 1St Heath Robinson Operational
similar vein to Rube Goldberg in The Mark 2 supported the US). conditional branching, just as Charles Babbage’s analytical June 1st The machine consisted of a engine had done [Dec 23], frame (called the bedspread) although there’s no evidence to which supported two long suggest that the Mark 2's Heath Robinson teleprinter paper tapes on a designer, Tommy Flowers [Dec network of reels, and two other 22], was aware of Babbage's Operational racks holding counters and logic design. June 1, 1943 circuits. Ten Colossi were operating by One tape could hold 2,000 The "Heath Robinson" was a the end of the war and an characters of cipher text, while code-breaking machine used at eleventh had been the other stored patterns that Bletchley Park [Aug 15] to help commissioned. They allowed the the codebreakers believed might decrypt the Lorenz (aka Tunny) Allies to extract a vast amount of represent the Lorenz cipher. intelligence from intercepted encryption. The second tape had radio messages sent from Lorenz was a much more to be precisely one character German High Command advanced cipher than the better longer than the first, and throughout Europe. known Enigma [Feb 23]. For keeping the tapes synchronized example, Enigma machines was a major challenge. A functioning reconstruction of a initially used just three rotors Mark 2 was completed in 2008 Max Newman [Feb 7] was during their encryption process, by Tony Sale and volunteers; it's while a Lorenz device employed responsible for the Robinson's on display at The National functional specification, but twelve.