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J. Roger Bentley Collection of Capital Airlines Photographs 2018.237 J. Roger Bentley collection of Capital Airlines photographs 2018.237 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 14, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library J. Roger Bentley collection of Capital Airlines photographs 2018.237 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Historical Note ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Content ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 6 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 7 Photographs .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Collection Inventory ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Clifford Ball Airlines .................................................................................................................................. 8 Pennsylvania Central Airlines ..................................................................................................................... 9 Publications ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Capital Airlines .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Capital Airlines Association ..................................................................................................................... 34 - Page 2 - J. Roger Bentley collection of Capital Airlines photographs 2018.237 Summary Information Repository: Audiovisual Collections Creator: Pennsylvania Central Airlines Creator: Capital Airlines Creator - col: Bentley, J. Roger, 1932-2020 Title: J. Roger Bentley collection of Capital Airlines photographs ID: 2018.237 Date [inclusive]: 1925-2002 Physical Description: 10 Linear Feet General Physical 756 photographic prints : b&w ; 8 x 10 in. 471 photographic prints : Description: b&w ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. 2 photographic prints : color ; 11 x 14 in. 21 photographic prints : color ; 8 x 10 in. 160 photographic prints : color ; 4 x 6 in. or smaller. 87 transparencies : color ; 4 x 5 in. 22 slides : color ; 35mm. 232 negatives : b&w ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller. 27 negatives : color ; 35mm. 82 postcards. 700 textual items. 2 audio cassette tapes. 1 reel (100 ft) : si., col. ; 16mm. 1 pin. 1 bar of soap. Language of the English . Material: Abstract: Capital Airlines was a commercial airline for the eastern, southern, southeastern, and midwestern United States from 1936 to 1961. It was the fifth largest airline in the United States. The airline was the first to offer service from the west to Washington D.C., coach class service, in-flight television, and jet-powered commercial aircraft. This collection includes materials related to Capital Airlines predecessor company, Clifford Ball Airlines, and materials created under its former name, Pennsylvania Central Airlines. There is also materials related to the Capital Airline Association. The collection documents the history of the airlines, its aircraft and employees. ^ Return to Table of Contents Historical Note Capital Airlines was a commercial airline for the eastern, southern, southeastern, and midwestern United States from 1936 to 1961. In the 1950s, it was the fifth largest airline in the United States. The airline - Page 3- J. Roger Bentley collection of Capital Airlines photographs 2018.237 was the first to offer service from the west to Washington D.C., coach class service, in-flight television, and jet-powered commercial aircraft. Capital Airlines can trace its roots back to the Clifford Ball Airline which operated out of Pittsburgh's Bettis Field Airport. The Clifford Ball Airline was established in 1926 by Clifford Ball (1892-1972), who founded the country's first air mail service and a pioneer of commercial aviation. On April 26, 1927 the first air mail flew from Bettis Field to Cleveland. In 1928, Clifford Ball Airlines began a passenger service. In 1929, Ball coined the phrase "Path of the Eagle" and began a passenger route from Cleveland to Washington. Clifford Ball Airline was sold to Pittsburgh Aviation Industries Corp (PAIC) in 1930, and became Pennsylvania Air Lines. Due to the Air Mail Scandal of 1934, the company went through a number of changes. By 1935, C. Bedell Monro (1901-1972) was President. The company received an air mail contract and went on to recover from the scandal. Another company also received an air mail contract in the same region, Central Airlines. The two airlines competed in vigorous price wars and both began to suffer financially. In 1936, Pennsylvania Air Lines and Central Airlines merged becoming, Pennsylvania Central Airlines (PCA). Bedell remained President of the company. In 1941, PCA moved its headquarters to Washington D.C. and therefore dubbed its fleet as "The Capital Fleet" and "Capitaliners". During World War II, the company experienced significant expansion and growth. After the war the company began to suffer financially again. Monro resigned from PCA in October of 1947 and James H. "Slim" Carmichael (1907-1983) was named his successor. Monro stated it was "grave difference of opinion" over the company's management that prompted his resignation. Carmichael was a former barnstormer, stunt flier, crop duster and an early airmail pilot. He learned to fly at the age of nineteen. He had been with the company since the beginning. Carmichael is credited with rescuing the airline from bankruptcy when taking over as President and reorganizing the company under its new name. In early 1947, PCA unofficially changed its name in advertisements to Capital and designed a new logo, however, the name change wasn't approved by the CAB (Civil Aeronautics Board) until April of 1948. In November 1948, the Nighthawk service began. It was a four cent-a-mile nightly air service between New York and Chicago. It was a "coach" class, no frills flight. There were no meals, pillows, blankets, or other amenities, which made it very cost-effective for passengers. The service was a successful and profitable for Capital Airlines. After long use of the DC-3 and DC-4 aircrafts, Capital Airlines invested heavily in British-built jet and prop-jet airliners. In 1955, the company purchased forty Vickers Viscounts. These were the first commercial passenger prop-jet airliner. Capital Airlines went on to own sixty-seven Viscounts. Carmichael resigned in 1958 for "personal reasons" with no further comment from Capital or Carmichael. He was replaced by a retired U.S. Air Force Major General, David Hodges Baker III (1907-2003). By the late 1950s, the company began to falter due to increased debt. In 1958, Capital employees went on strike for a month. In 1958 to 1960, they had five aircraft accidents. In 1960, Vickers-Armstrong filed a foreclosure suit on the entire Capital Airlines Viscount fleet. In August 1960, a merger of Capital and - Page 4- J. Roger Bentley collection of Capital Airlines photographs 2018.237 United was proposed. On June 1, 1961, United Airlines purchased Capital Airlines and took over its Viscount fleet. In 1981, the former employees of Capital Airlines founded the Capital Airlines Association. The association had approximately 1,500 members and held an annual picnic. The last picnic was held in 2004 and the association disbanded due to decline in membership. ^ Return to Table of Contents Scope and Content Clifford Ball Airlines series is a small amount of materials, mostly photographs and few brochures and newspapers clippings dating from 1925 to 1930. There are images of the airplanes Miss Pittsburgh and Miss Youngstown and a few views of Bettis Field. Of note is a group portrait of Clifford Ball with the ten other people awarded the first air mail contracts. There are photographs of the Miss Pittsburgh restored and on display at the Pittsburgh International Airport in 1995. There are also two 1930 group portraits of Penn School of Aviation basketball team, featuring pilots that would continue to work for Pennsylvania Central Airlines and Capital Airlines. Pennsylvania Central series is organized into two subseries: Publications and Photographs. Publications subseries consists of annual reports, flight schedules, employee booklets/manuals, advertisements/ brochures, and several issues of the employee newsletter: PCA News. There is also ephemera such as stickers, postcards,
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