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Food for Thought a Cultural Recipe of European Traditions and Customs!

Food for Thought a Cultural Recipe of European Traditions and Customs!

FOOD FOR THOUGHT A CULTURAL RECIPE OF EUROPEAN TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS!

RECIPE: ………… ………. Polish is a Slavic The Poles are a West Slavic ethnic Poland language spoken primarily in group and a nation native to Poland, Poland and the native who share a common ancestry, culture, language of Poles. It belongs to history, religion and are native the Lechiticsubgroup of West speakers of the , along Slavic languages. Polish is with its various dialects. The formation the official language of Poland. of the Polish identity and ethnicity can It is one of the official languages be traced to the 10th century when of the . Its Duke Mieszko I politically unified the Poland, officially written standard is the Polish Slavic tribes the Republic of Poland , is a located Over the course of alphabet, which has 9 additions of Polans, Mazovians, Slezans, Vistula in Central Europe. It is history, the Polish people have to the letters of the basic The culture of ns, Pomeranians, Lendians and others, divided into made considerable Poland is closely [195][196] which inhabited the area of 16 administrative contributions in the fields of connected with its subdivisions, covering an science, technology and intricate 1,000- In the year 966, Duke Mieszko area of 312,696 square The Commission of National kilometres (120,733 sq mi), mathematics. Perhaps the year history. Its I accepted Christianity, and the Education (Komisja Edukacji unique character and has a largely temperate The are subdivided most renowned Pole to authority of the Roman Catholic seasonal climate. With a Narodowej) established in developed as a result into (often referred to in support this theory 1773, was the world's first Church. Since then, Poland has been population of approximately was Nicolaus of its geography at a predominantly Catholic nation, 38.5 million people, Poland English as ), and these state ministry of is the sixth most are further divided Copernicus (Mikołaj education.The education of however throughout its history, populous member state of into (also known as Kopernik), who triggered Polish society was a goal of the European communes or ). the Copernican Revolution by the nation's rulers as early as the 12th century. The library Union. Poland's capital and Major normally have the placing the Sun rather than the largest metropolis is Warsa Earth at the center of the catalogue of the Cathedral w. Other major cities status of both and . Chapter of Kraków dating universe.[174] He also derived include Kraków, Łódź, Wroc Poland has 16 voivodeships, 380 back to 1110 shows that in the ław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Sz powiats (including 66 cities a quantity theory of money, early 12th-century Polish czecin. with powiat status), and which made him a pioneer academia had access to of economics. Copernicus' European and Classical Interior of the National 2,478 gminas. Artur Rubinstein Poland is bordered by achievements and discoveries literature. The Jagiellonian Fryderyk Chopin Museum in Wrocław, which holds one the Baltic Sea, Tourist attractions in of the largest collections of are considered the basis of University was founded in contemporary art in the country Russian Kaliningrad Poland vary, from the mountains 1364 by King Casimir III in and to the in the south to the sandy beaches Polish culture and cultural identity. Kraków—the school is the north, Belarus and Ukraine t in the north, with a trail of nearly world's 19th oldest university. o the every architectural style. The most Physicist and chemist Maria east, and Czech visited is Kraków, which was As of 2012, Programme for Republic to the south Skłodowska-Curie was the first the former capital of Poland and and Germany to the west. person to win two Nobel International Student serves as a relic of Polish Golden Prizes. She also established Assessment, coordinated by Poland's the Organisation for Poland's Radium Institute in current voivodeships (provi Ratusz, 1925 . St. Mary's Basilica the RenaissanceCity nces) are largely based on Selection of hearty traditional Hall in Poznań the country's historic comfort food Adam , whereas those of Mickiewic Andrzej Wajda was one of the the past two decades (to z- national greatest Polish film directors, and epic the recipient of a Honorary Oscar, 1998) had been centred on poem Pan the Palme d'Or, as well as and named for individual Tadeusz Honorary Golden Lion and Golden Bear Awards. cities. The Old City of Zamość is a UNESCO World Heritage Site Szkola Podstawowa nr 1 im. K.I. Galczynskiego w Grajewo is a in north-eastern Poland with Grajewie, Grajewo, Poland 21,499 inhabitants (2016). It is situated in the Podlaskie (since 1999); previously, it was in Łomża

BUILDING'S HISTORY Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of The idea of building a school that now Grajewo . houses the Public Junior High School No. 1 in Grajewo was established in 1925. The campaign for the construction of the school was Grajewo supported by the then Wacław Perlitz and the Coordinates: 53°39′N 22°27′ parish priest Józef E Country Poland The first settlements in Voivodeship Podlaskie In 1925. J. Pawłowski the of modern In 1925. J. Pawłowski County Grajewo donated a square for the Renovation and Grajewo already existed needs of the school, and donated a square for the commissioning took place County needs of the school, and in the early 15th century. on August 23, 1928. only in 1945. Gmina Grajewo (ur there was a ceremonial on August 23, 1928. there The first documented blessing of the was a ceremonial blessing Until 1999. in the school mention is from the year ban gmina) cornerstone for the of the cornerstone for the building there functioned 1426. In 1540 the town Established 15th construction of the construction of the First Public General School obtained municipal building. After three building. After three years years of work, the of work, the western and No. 1, then Primary School rights from Polish Town rights 1540 western and southern southern wings of the No. 1. King Sigismund I the wings of the present present building were Old. Around 1800 the building were built, built, while in the while in the following town had 23 houses and • Mayor Dariusz years the eastern wing following years the 218 inhabitants. Latarowski with the main entrance eastern wing with the was opened. The work main entrance was Area was completed in 1939. opened. The work was • Total 18.93 km2 ( At that time, the building completed in 1939. At was very modern, that time, the building 7.31 sq mi) because it had not only was very modern, because Population (2016) classrooms, but also a it had not only gym and kitchen, where classrooms, but also a • Total 21,499 children's feeding was gym and kitchen, where • Density 1,100/ carried out. children's feeding was km2 (2,900/ The Public Public School carried out. sq mi) No. 1 in Grajewo was The Public Public School located in the new No. 1 in Grajewo was building. located in the new building..

Romania is a country located at the crossroads The double election of Alexandru Ioan of Central, Eastern, Cuza in Moldavia and Wallach and Southeastern Europe. It ia (respectively, 5 and 24 Some of the Cucuteni–Trypillia copper "Treasure" found at borders the Black Sea to the January 1859). Neacșu's letter from 1521, the oldest Cărbuna southeast, Bulgaria to the surviving document written in Romanian. south, Ukraine to the Independence proclaimed on 9 May 1877, The official language Since the Romanian north, to the Modern Romania was formed in internationally recognised in is Romanian, a Romance The human remains found Revolution of 1989, the west, Serbia to the southwest, 1859 through a personal 1878. language (the most widely Romanian educational union of the Danubian in Peștera cu Oase ("The Cave and Moldova to the east. It has a The union of Romania spoken of the Eastern with Bones"), radiocarbon system has been in a predominantly temperate- of Moldavia and Wallachia. The with Bessarabia, Bukovinaand Romance branch), which dated as being from circa continuous process of new state, officially named continental climate. With a total Romania since 1866, gained in 1918. presents a consistent 40,000 years ago, represent the reform that has received area of 238,397 square kilometres independence from the Ottoman degree of similarity oldest known Homo sapiens in mixed criticism . Romania Empire in 1877. Monarchy was abolished on to Aromanian, Megleno- Europe. The Neolithic- often wins medals in (92,046 sq mi), Romania is Romania derives from the 30 December 1947 upon the Romanian, and Istro- Age Cucuteni area in the mathematical olympiads the 12th largest country and also Latin romanus, meaning "citizen proclamation of the People's of ". The first known use of Romanian, but equally northeastern Romania was the [289][290][291] and not the 7th most populous member Republicand was changed the appellation was attested to shares many features with western region of the earliest only. Alexandru Ioan Cuza in the 16th century with the new state of the European Union, the rest of the Western European civilization, known University of Iași, Babeș- by Italian humanists travelling constitution upon its adoption having almost 20 million in Transylvania, Moldavia, Romance languages, as the Cucuteni-Trypillian Bolyai University of Cluj- and Wallachia. on 21 August 1965 as the inhabitants. Its capital and largest specifically Italian, French culture. Also the earliest known Napoca, University of Socialist Republic. The , Spanish, Portuguese, Bucharest, and West city is Bucharest and other 1859–1862: United Communist regime fell on 22 salt works in the world is at and Catalan. University of Timișoara have major urban Principalities of Moldavia and W December 1989, the new Poiana Slatinei, near the allachia1862–1866: Romanian The Romanian of Lunca in Romania; it was been included in the QS areasinclude Iași, Timișoara, Cluj- United Principalities or Romania democratic government was alphabet contains the first used in the early Neolithic, World University Rankings' Napoca, and Constanța. 1866–1881: Romania or installed on 20 May 1990 and of Romania the new post- same 26 letters of the around 6050 BC, by top 800. standard Latin alphabet, The River Danube, Europe's 1881–1947: Kingdom of communist constitution was the Starčevo culture, and later Romania is a secular Romania or Romania as well as 5 additional second-longest river, rises adopted on 21 November by the Cucuteni-Trypillian state and has no state 1947–1965: Romanian People's ones (namely 'ă','â','î','ț', in Germany's Black Forest and 1991. Romania joined culture in the Pre-Cucuteni religion. An overwhelming Republic (RPR) or Romania and 'ș'), totaling 31. the European Union on 1 period. Evidence from this and majority of the population flows in a general southeast 1965–December, 1989: Socialist other sites indicates that the identify themselves direction for 2,857 km (1,775 mi), Republic of Romania (RSR) or Cucuteni-Trypillian culture as Christians. At the coursing through ten Romania December, 1989–present: Romania extracted salt from salt-laden country's 2011 census, 81.0% before emptying into spring water through the of respondents identified Romania's Danube Delta. process of briquetage. as Orthodox The Carpathian Mountains, which Christians belonging to cross Romania from the north to the Romanian Orthodox the southwest, Church. include Moldoveanu Peak, at an Sibiu was the European Capital of Culture in 2007. Palatul Parlamentului Romanian has Romania been influenced painters: Nicolae by Austrian and Germa Grigorescu, Ștefan THE CULTURE n cuisine (especially in The topic of the origin of Luchian, Ion the historical regions the Romanians began to be Andreescu Nicolae that had been formerly discussed by the end of the Tonitza and Theodor Aman administered by 18th century among the Habsburg and sculptor Constantin Monarchy), but also the Transylvanian Brâncuși. shares some similarities School scholars. with other cuisines in Romanian classical the Balkan region such Several writers rose to composers :Ciprian as the Greek, Bulgarian, prominence in the 19th Porumbescu, Anton or Serbian cuisine. century, including George Pann, Eduard [324] Ciorbă includes a Coșbuc, Ioan Slavici, Mihail Caudella, Mihail Jora, Dinu wide range of sour soups, Kogălniceanu, Vasile Lipatti and George Alecsandri, Nicolae while , mămăligă Enescu . (similar to polenta), Bălcescu, Ion Luca Contemporary and sarmale . Tradition Caragiale, Ion Creangă, recipes are made in and Mihai Eminescu, the musicians : Angela direct connection with later being considered the Gheorghiu, Gheorghe the [ holidays: chiftele, tobă greatest and most Zamfir, and tochitura at influential Romanian poet, Romanian inventors: Christmas; , pască particularly for the Traian Vuia -first airplane to and at Easter poem Luceafărul. take off on its own and other Romanian power and Aurel Vlaicu built and holidays.[328] Țuică is a The list of World Heritage flew some of the earliest strong Sites includes six cultural successful aircraft, while Henri plum reaching a Sports sites located within Coandă discovered the Coandă 70% alcohol content Romania, including effectof fluidics. Victor Nadia Comăneci becoming the first gymnast which is the country's traditional alcoholic eight Painted churches of Babeș discovered more than 50 ever to score a perfect ten in an Olympic types of bacteria; beverage, taking as northern Moldavia, event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. biologist Nicolae much as 75% of the The tennis player Ilie Năstase won eight Wooden Churches of Paulescu discovered insulin, national crop (Romania several Grand Slam titles, and was the first Maramureș, seven while Emil Palade, received is one of the largest player to be ranked as number the Nobel Prize for his plum producers in the with fortified churches in 1 by ATPbetween 1973 and 1974. Virginia contributions to cell world. raditional Transylvania, the Horezu Ruzici won the French Open in 1978, and biology. Lazăr Edeleanu was the alcoholic beverages also Monastery, and the Historic was runner-up in 1980, Simona Halep won first chemist to include wine, rachiu, pa in 2018 and was runner up in 2014 and 2017. Centre of Sighișoara. The synthesize amphetamine and he lincă and vișinată, She is currently ranked 1st by the WTA. city of Sibiu, with also invented the procedure of [337] The Romanian duo Horia separating valuable petroleum its Brukenthal National Tecău and Florin Mergea won the doubles components with selective Museum, was selected as silver medal at the 2016 Summer solvents, while Costin the 2007 European Capital Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. Cristina Nenițescu developed numerous [315] Neagu became the first Romanian in of Culture. Multiple new classes of compounds handball to win the IHF World Player of the castles exist in Romania, in organic chemistry. Year award. including popular tourist Notable Romanian attractions of Peleș mathematicians include Spiru Haret, Grigore Moisil, and Ștefan Castle, Corvin Castle, and Odobleja; physicists and "Dracula's Castle". inventors: Șerban Scoala Gimnaziala Magura, Buzau, Romania Buzău County is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Muntenia, with the at Buzău. BUILDING'S HISTORY Historically, the county was located Magura School is one of the in the central-southern part oldest educational institutions in of Greater Romania, in the northeastern part of the historical Buzau County. It is documented in region of Muntenia. Its 1838. The institution operated included the southern and western parts of today's Buzău County and according to the provisions of the several localities that are today Country Law of Public Instruction in Prahova County, including the Romania elaborated by Eforia Scoalelor. town of Mizil. It was bordered on the Development region1 Sud-Est west by Prahova County, to the north by the counties of Brașov, Trei- Historic region Muntenia Scaune, and Putna, to the east by the On November 1, 1838, counties of Râmnicu Capital city (Reședință Buzău de județ) young Aron Adam, aged 17, Sărat and Brăila, and to the south was mentioned as Magura by Ialomița County. Government teacher. In 1887 the school • Type County Board received the name of Mihail Kogalniceanu and in 1890 a • President of the Petre Emanoil Neagu new locality with two County Board (PSD) classrooms was built, to • Prefect2 Carmen Ichim which two more rooms were annexed in 1922. In 1926 the Area school functioned with five Today, Magura • Total 6,103 km2(2,356 sq mi) classrooms and in 1948 the Gymnasium is a prestigious, Elementary School Magura modern and European Area rank 17th in Romania functioned with two cycles of educational institution. education, after which the Population (2011) preschool cycle was • Total 432,054 organized. The old locality • Rank 18th in Romania underwent a modernization • Density 81/km2 (210/sq mi) process in the school year 2011-2012 and on December 6, 2012 the rehabilitated building could again organize courses for local community students. In June 2017, following the national contest, he acquired the European School title, entering the history of Buzau County as the first rural education institution to obtain this recognition. Croatian is the official language of Croatia, and became the 24th Croatia has no official religion. Freedom of official language of the European religion is a right defined by the Union upon its accession in 2013. Constitution which also defines all religious *215+*216+ communities as equal before the law and Minority languages are in separated from the state. official use in units where more than a third of According to the 2011 census, 91.36% of population consists of national Croatians identify as Christian; of these, The Republic of Croatia is minorities or where local legislation Roman Catholics make up the largest a unitary state using group, accounting for 86.28% of the With its estimated defines so. Those languages a parliamentary system of population, after which follows Eastern The culture Orthodoxy (4.44%), Protestantism (0.34%) governance. With the collapse of population of 4.19 million in 2016, Because of its geographical and other Christian (0.30%). The largest the ruling communist party in SFR Croatia ranks 125th by position, Croatia represents a religion after Christianity is Islam (1.47%). population in the world. Yugoslavia, Croatia organized its According to the 2011 Census, blend of four different cultural 4.57% of the population describe first multi-party elections and Its population density stands at 95.6% of citizens of Croatia spheres. It has been a crossroads of adopted its present constitution in 75.9 inhabitants per square influences from western culture declared Croatian as their native and the east—ever since the schism 1990. It declared independence on Now Croatia is divided into kilometre. language, 1.2% declared Serbian between the Western Roman 8 October 1991 which led to 20 counties and the capital city of Empire and the Byzantine According to the 2013 United as their native language, while no the break-up of Yugoslavia and , the latter having the Empire—and also authority and legal status of a county Nations report, 17.6% of Croatia's other language is represented in from Mitteleuropa and Mediterran countries international recognition and a city at the same time. Borders Croatia by more than 0.5% of ean culture.[ by the in of the counties changed in some population were foreign-born instances since, with the latest *208+ 1992. Under its 1990 Constitution, immigrants. Croatia is native speakers among population revision taking place in 2006. The *2+ Croatia operated a semi- counties subdivide into 127 cities and inhabited mostly by Croats of Croatia. Croatian is 429 municipalities.*127+ Nomenclature presidential system until 2000 of Territorial Units for Statistics (90.4%) and is ethnically the a standardized variety of the Serbo when it switched to a (NUTS) division of Croatia is most homogeneous of the six -, a member of performed in several tiers. NUTS 1 Croatia has 8 public universities, parliamentary system. countries of former Yugoslavia. the Western South Slavic level places the entire country in a the University of , University of Government powers in Croatia are single unit, while there are three Minority groups include Serbs group of Slavic languages. Croatian NUTS 2 regions. Osijek, University of , University of divided into legislative, executive is written using the Latin alphabet. + Tourism dominates the Croatian (4.4%), Bosniaks, , Albanian and judiciary powers. Rijeka, University of Split, University of service sector and accounts for up to s, Roma, Hungarians, Slovenes, Cz There are three 20% of Croatian GDP . and , and 2 Croatia was first subdivided into echs, Montenegrins, Macedonians major dialects spoken on the Croatia has been the home of counties in the Middle Ages.The many famous inventors, private universities, Catholic University of , Yugoslavs, and others (1.98%). territory of Croatia, with standard divisions changed over time to like Fausto Veranzio, Giovanni Croatia and Dubrovnik International Croatian based on the Shtokavian Luppis, Slavoljub Eduard reflect losses of territory to University. The University of Zadar, the Ottoman conquest and dialect. Penkala, Franjo Hanaman and Nikola Tesla, as well subsequent liberation of the same first university in Croatia, was founded in The Chakavian and Kajkavian dialec as scientists, such as Franciscus territory, changes of political 1396 and remained active until 1807, ts are distinguished by Patricius, Nikola status of , Dubrovnik, Nalješković, Nikola Vitov when other institutions of higher and . The traditional division their lexicon, phonology, Gučetić, Josip Franjo education took over until the foundation of the country into counties was Domin, , Roger abolished in the 1920s when the Joseph Boscovich, Andrija of the renewed University of Zadar in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Mohorovičić, Ivan Supek, Ivan 2002. The University of Zagreb, founded Slovenes and the subsequent Đikić, Miroslav Radman and Marin in 1669, is the oldest continuously Kingdom of Yugoslavia Soljačić. The Nobel Prize in * introduced and banovinas Chemistry has been awarded to 2 operating university in Southeast Europe. respectively. Croatian laureates, Lavoslav Ružička (1939) and Vladimir Brod-Posavina County (Croatian: Brodsko-posavska županija) is the Osnovna skola "Matija Gubec" Cernik, southern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its center is the city of and it spreads along the left bank of the Sava river, hence the name Posavina. Other Croatia. notable include Nova Gradiška.

Brod-Posavina County is divided into: City of Slavonski Brod (county seat) Town of Nova Gradiška Country Croatia of County seat Slavonski Brod Municipality of Government Municipality of Cernik is located at the foot of • Župan Danijel Marušić (HDZ) Psunja, 2 km north of Nova Municipality of Cernik The school is located in Gradiska, on the regional road to Area[1] the center of Cernika. Požega. It is 150 km east of Zagreb, Municipality of Davor 2 South of the school, on 80 km southwest of Osijek, 50 km • Total 2,030 km (780 sq mi) the former handball west of Slavonski Brod. It is a Municipality of [2] municipal and parish center with 7 Population (2011) court and part of the Municipality of Dragalić school park, a school villages. • Total 158,575 sports hall was built. To Cernik has about 2000 Municipality of Garčin 2 the east of the school inhabitants, while the whole • Density 78/km (200/sq mi) there is a stream of municipality has about 4000 Municipality of inhabitants. Cernik is part of the Šumetlica, and the Municipality of Gornji Bogićevci entrance to the School Brod-Posavina County. The from Školska ulica is guardian of the place is St. Peter, Municipality of west. In the north of the an Apostle celebrated on June road separates the school 29th. Municipality of traffic poligon and the Crafts, small entrepreneurship, Municipality of Nova Kapela ancient castle of Count fruit growing, viticulture, Area code 035 Kulmer. livestock breeding, hunting Municipality of Okučani ISO 3166 code HR-12 Primary School «Matija and religious tourism are Gubec» Cernik with being developed in Cernik. Municipality of There are no industrial plants HDI (2017) 0.783[3] Primary School (MŠ) in Cernik. Municipality of high · 18th comprises 5 regional Website www.bpz.hr departments (). Baćindol - Medieval fort Municipality of GRAČANICA PO Šagovina Cernička, Municipality Banićevac - Church of St. PO Baćindol, PO Cernik is a village and a municipality in the Brod-Posavina County. According to the Ivana Evangeliste Banićevac, PO Opatovac, 2011 census, there are a total of 3,640 inhabitants in the area.*1+ It was ruled by PO Podvrško. Cernik - castle; The Franciscan the Ottoman Empire between 1536 and 1691 and was the ultimate centre of parish church of St. Petra with the Sanjak of Pakrac until the Austrian conquest. a monastery; Jewish cemetery; Inventory of parish church of St. Peter; Library of the Franciscan Monastery; Rural The first textual evidence of the Greek The Greek Constitution recognizes Eastern language dates back to 15th century Orthodoxy as the "prevailing" faith of the country, Greece BC and the Linear B script which is associated with the Mycenaean while guaranteeing freedom of religious belief for Civilization. Greek was a widely all.*143+*257+ The Greek government does not keep spoken lingua franca in the statistics on religious groups and censuses do not Mediterranean world and beyond ask for religious affiliation. According to the U.S. during Classical Antiquity, and would Greece , officially eventually become the official State Department, an estimated 97% of Greek the Hellenic Republic , Greece features a vast number of parlance of the Byzantine Empire. citizens identify themselves as Eastern Orthodox, historically also known islands, between 1,200 and 6,000, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church,*258+ which depending on the definition, 227 of Greece is today relatively homogeneous uses the Byzantine rite and the Greek language, the as Hellas, is a country located in linguistic terms, with a large majority in Southern and Southeast which are inhabited. Crete is the largest of the native population using Greek as original language of the New Testament. The Europe, with a population of and most populous island; their first or only language. administration of the Greek territory is shared approximately 11 million as of Euboea, Euripus Strait, The culture between the Church of Lesbos and Rhodes.The Greek islands 2016. Athens is the nation's The culture of Greece has Greece and Greeks have a long tradition of capital and largest city, are traditionally grouped into the evolved over thousands of years, valuing and investing followed by Thessaloniki. following clusters: the Argo-Saronic beginning in Mycenaean in paideia (education), which was Islands , the North Aegean islands, Greece and continuing most upheld as one of the highest notably into Classical Greece, Greece is located at the The names for the nation of the Sporades. Since the Kallikratis societal values in the Greek and through the influence of Notable Greek Greece and the Greek programme reform entered into effect Hellenistic world. The first crossroads of Europe, Asia, and the and scientists of modern times people differ from the names on 1 January 2011, Greece has European institution described Africa. its Greek Eastern continuation, as a university was founded in include Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor used in other languages, consisted of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine fifth-century Constantinople and Greece has the longest locations and cultures. The thirteen regions subdivided into a total Empire. of the Pap test), Greek name of the country of 325 municipalities. continued operating in various coastline on the Mediterranean The ancient Greeks pioneered in mathematician Constantin Carathéodory is Hellas or Ellada . In English, incarnations until the city's fall to Basin and the 11th longest the Ottomans in many fields that rely on (known for the Carathéodory however, the country is usually The 54 old and - systematic thought, including coastline in the world at 1453.The University of theorems and Carathéodory conjecture), called Greece, which comes level administrations have been largely Constantinople was Christian biology, geometry, history, 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, from Latin Graecia (as used by retained as sub-units of the regions. Europe's first secular institution philosophy, and astronomer E. M. Antoniadi, featuring a large number the Romans) and literally means Seven decentralised of higher learning, and by some mathematics. They introduced archaeologists Ioannis Svoronos, Valerios measures such important literary forms as of islands, of which 227 are 'the land of the Greeks'. administrations group one to three Stais, Spyridon Marinatos, Manolis regions for administrative purposes on was the epic and lyric poetry, history, inhabited. Eighty percent of world's tragedy, and comedy. In their Andronikos (discovered the tomb of Philip a regional basis. There is also Greece is mountainous, pursuit of order and proportion, II of Macedon in Vergina), one autonomous area, Mount the Greeks created an ideal with Mount Olympus being the Athos (Greek: Agio Oros, "Holy of beauty that strongly Indologist Dimitrios Galanos, highest peak at 2,918 metres Mountain"), which borders the region botanist Theodoros G. Orphanides, such (9,573 ft). The country consists of Central Macedonia.Almost two- as Michael Dertouzos, Nicholas thirds of the Greek people live in urban of nine geographic Negroponte, John Argyris, John areas. Greece's largest and most Greek cuisine is characteristic regions: Macedonia, Central influential metropolitan centres are of the healthy Mediterranean Iliopoulos (2007 Dirac Prize for his Greece, those of Athens and Thessaloniki, with diet, which is epitomised by contributions on the physics of the charm dishes of Crete. the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epir metropolitan populations of quark, a major contribution to the birth of us, the Aegean approximately 4 million and 1 million the Standard Model, the modern theory inhabitants respectively. Other Islands (including of Elementary Particles), Joseph Sifakis prominent cities with urban (2007 Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize" of the Dodecanese and Cyclades), populations above 100,000 inhabitants Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian include those Computer Science), Christos Islands. of Patras, Heraklion, Larissa, Volos, Rho Papadimitriou (2002 Knuth Prize, des, Ioannina, Agrinio, Chania, 2012 Gödel Prize), Mihalis Yannakakis and Chalcis. (2005 Knuth Prize) and physicist Dimitri Feres (Greek: Φέρες) is a town and a former municipality in the Evros regional unit, East Gymnasio Feron, ΦΕΡΕΣ. ΕΒΡΟΣ, Greece Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Alexandroupoli, of which it is a municipal unit.*2+ The municipal unit has an area of 411.160 km2.*3+ Population 8,551 (2011). Feres is linked with the GR-2 or the Egnatia Odos (Alexandroupoli - Kavala - Thessaloniki - Kozani - Igoumenitsa) and the GR-51 (Alexandroupoli - Orestiada - Ormenio. The Evros river along with Turkey is to the east and also includes the entire delta to the south.

BUILDING'S HISTORY At space for the pupils during the The Feres Gymnasium started At that time the School winter months, and its Preveli was Feres was founded in the 11th operating in 1941 when lacked sheltered space for Alexandroupolis was occupied completely outhat time the School century by the Byzantine Greek the pupils during the winter Country Greece by the Germans and the lacked sheltered t of the question. emperor Isaac I Komnenos. Like months, and its Preveli was Administrative region East Macedonia and Thrace Bulgarians had control of the the rest of the Greek mainland, it completely out of the Due to the inadequacy of the city. Because the Bulgarians was conquered by the Ottoman Regional unit Evros question. Due to the classrooms, the Gymnasium aimed at the bulgarianism of Empire in the Middle Ages, until it inadequacy of the functioned in two cycles, breakfast Municipality Alexandroupoli the Greeks, the Gymnasium was taken by Bulgaria in 1913 classrooms, the Gymnasium was transferred to Feres as and afternoon, for the teaching of following Balkan Wars of 1912 Municipality established 1986 functioned in two cycles, Alexis Town High School in local students or students from the and 1913. In 1920, as a result of breakfast and afternoon, for 2 Feres. • Municipal unit 411.2 km (158.8 sq mi) the teaching of local villages served by the evening the Treaty of Neuilly and subsequent agreements, the Upon liberation the students or students from buses of the local KTEL. Elevation 43 m (141 ft) town was given to Greece. Gymnasium returned to Alex / the villages served by the Population (2011)[1] city, but Feres could no longer evening buses of the local The building was rebuilt in 1996 on stay without Gymnasium. The KTEL. the Town Hall of the late The municipality was created in • Municipal unit 8,551 1986 and included the local actors fought, ran, Doudoulakakis Georgiou, and took • Municipal unit density 21/km2 (54/sq mi) pushed, prayed and succeeded its present form. communities of Ardanio, in establishing a private private Doriskos, Feres and Itea. Under Community[1] school for a semester - and • Population 5,659 (2011) then Public Six Stage the Capodistrian Gymnasium Feres with very Plan (2539/1997) in 1997, the old few teachers. communities of Peplos and Tryfilli The Gymnasium functioned joined the municipality. until 1958-59 in the building of the old 1st Elementary School. The actions for the construction of a Gymnasium were started in 1955 by the President of the Municipality of Feres, Miliadis Patakides, with the help of the teachers I. Nikolayidis and N. Zivopoulos, and the Gounaisarchi Kaloudis. According to the first article of the In 2017, the proportion of Italians who framework law no.482/99, following identified themselves as Roman Catholic was Art. 6 of the Italian Constitution, Italy's 74.4%. Since 1985, it is no longer officially [264] official language is Italian. It is the state religion. estimated that there are about 64 million native Italian speakers while the The Holy See, the episcopal jurisdiction of total number of Italian speakers, Rome, contains the central government of the Roman . It is recognised including those who use it as a second by other subjects of international law as language, is about 85 million. a sovereign entity, headed by the , who welve historical minority languages are is also the of Rome, with which diplomatic relations can be maintained. Italy, officially the Italian formally recognised by the framework [265][266] Italy is subdivided into 20 Often incorrectly referred to as "the Republic, is a country in Europe. law regions (regioni), five of these regions Vatican", the Holy See is not the same entity Located in the heart of no.482/99: Albanian, Catalan, German, having a special autonomous as the Vatican City State, which came into the Mediterranean Sea, Italy Greek, Slovene, Croatian, French, Franc The culture existence only in 1929. status that enables them to enact shares open land borders with o- legislation on some of their local For centuries divided by , Switzerland, Austria, Provençal, Friulian, Ladin, Occitan and In 2011, minority Christian faiths in Italy matters. The country is further politics and geography Slovenia, , and Vatican Sardinian. Of these, four languages even included an estimated 1.5 million Orthodox divided into 14 metropolitan cities enjoy a co-official status in until its eventual City. Italy covers an area of Christians, or 2.5% of the population; (città metropolitane) and 96 unification in 1861, Italy's 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and their respective region: French in (), which in turn culture has been shaped 500,000 Pentecostals and Evangelicals (of has a largely temperate the Valley — although Franco- are subdivided in 7,960 municipalities by a multitude of regional whom 400,000 are members of seasonaland Mediterranean Provencal is more commonly spoken In the first century BC, the Roman (2018) (comuni). [256] customs and local centres the Assemblies of God), 251,192 Jehovah's climate. With around 61 million there; German in South , Empire emerged as the dominant of power and patronage. Witnesses, 30,000 Waldensians, inhabitants, it is the fourth-most power in the Mediterranean Italy is the fifth most visited country and Ladinas well in some parts of the taly had a central role in 25,000 Seventh-day Adventists, 26,925 Latter populous EU member state and the Basin and became the leading in the world, with a total of 52.3 same province and in parts of the cultural, political and neighbouring ; and Western culture for -day Saints, 15,000 Baptists (plus some 5,000 most populous country in Southern religious centre of Western million international arrivals in 2016. Europe. civilisation. The legacy of the finally, Slovene in the province Free Baptists), 7,000 Lutherans, Roman Empire is widespread and Italy is well known for its cultural of , and . respectiv 4,000 Methodists (affiliated with the Due to its central geographic can be observed in the global and environmental tourist routes e region: French in the — Waldensian Church).[ and is home to 54 UNESCO World location in Europe and the distribution of civilian although Franco-Provencal is more Mediterranean, Italy has law, republican Heritage Sites, the most in the , Christianity and [217] commonly spoken there; German historically been home to a myriad world. is the 6th most the Latin script. visited city in Europe and the 14th in in , and Ladinas well in of peoples and cultures. In addition Today, Italy is considered to be one the world, with an average of 7.65 some parts of the same province and in to the various ancient Italian of the world's most culturally and economically developed countries, million international arrivals in 2016 parts of the neighbouring Trentino; and tribes and dispersed with its economy ranking while Rome is the 8th and 16th finally, Slovene in the province throughout the Italian eighth largest in the world and resptectively, with 7.12 million of Trieste, Gorizia and Udine. Peninsula and , third in the Eurozone. tourists.[218] In beginning from Italy is located in Southern Europe, addition, and are between latitudes 35° and 47° N, also among the world's top 100 the classical era, Phoenicians, Cart and longitudes 6° and 19° E. To the haginians and Greeks established north, Italy destinations. settlements in the south of Italy, borders France, Switzerland, Austri a and Slovenia, and is roughly Tertiary education with Etruscansand Celts inhabiting delimited by the Alpine watershed, Through the centuries, Italy has fostered the the centre and the north of Italy enclosing the and in Italy is divided in itself takes scientific community that produced many respectively. The Italic tribe known the Venetian Plain. To the south, it between public heavy influences, major discoveries in physics and the other consists of the entirety of universities, private including Etruscan, ancient as the formed the Roman the and the sciences.: (1452– Kingdom in the 8th century BC, two Mediterranean universities and the Greek, ancient 1519), Michelangelo (1475–1564) and Leon which eventually became islands of and , in prestigious and selective superior Roman, Byzantine, Battista Alberti(1404–72) made important a republic that conquered and assi addition to many smaller islands. graduate schools, such as and Jewish. contributions to a variety of fields, including The sovereign states of San milated its neighbours. Marino and the Vatican the Scuola Normale Superiore di biology, architecture, and . Galileo City are enclaves within Italy, . 20 Italian universities were Galilei (1564–1642), a physicist, while Campione d'Italia is an ranked among the world's top 500. mathematician and astronomer, played a Italian exclave in Switzerland. [280] University, founded in major role in the Scientific Revolution. His 1088, is the oldest university in achievements include key improvements to continuous operation,[281] as well as the telescope and consequent astronomical one of the leading academic observations, and ultimately the triumph institutions in Italy and Europe. of Copernicanism over the Ptolemaic model. Convitto Nazionale Rinaldo Corso, Correggio is a town and in the Province of Reggio , in the Emilia- region of Italy, in the Po valley. As of 31 Correggio, Italy. December 2016 Correggio had an estimated population of 25,694. Its patron saint is Quirinus of Sisak,*2+ to whom the Basilica of San Quirino is dedicated.

HISTORY

The "Rinaldo Corso" National Boarding School in Correggio is Country Italy probably the oldest educational and It was the seat of Veronica Region Emilia-Romagna educational institution in the (1485–1550) a noted politician poet who ruled the principality after the Province (RE) province. The news about its origins death of her husband Giberto X, Count of Correggio, from 1518 to 1550. Frazioni , , goes back to the The whirlwind of the interference on the Seminary- Confraternity of St. Joseph, Fazzano, Fosdondo, Napoleonic period enveloped College, which, in 1861, was called, which, since 1519, flourishing It is the birthplace of Lemizzone, the quiet life of the city and its in the following decades, as a sign of his whole the Renaissance painter Antonio Allegri, Mandrio, College, which became the proposed Christian education transformation, the Civic College who was called "il Correggio" from the Mandriolo, , and the first instruction of National Ducal and, pervaded by and meanwhile the did name of his town. The French San Biagio, San young men and began to a new spirit of freedom, wanted vows to introduce in the new dress Martino Piccolo, decline towards the end of poet Tugdual Menon resided in Correggio its external manifestations as of the collegiate some distinctive . the century XVII. for much of his life. the publication, by the students national characteristics and, above Having then passed his Area of Patriotic anthems and the all, the Cross of Savoy "who has property, with the approval It is also the birthplace of 2 replacement of the French • Total 77 km (30 sq mi) of the Roman Curia, to the redeemed us". composer Bonifazio Asioli, Venetian rosette to the Estensi medal. Fathers of the Pious Schools, A commission, appointed with R.D. School composer Claudio Merulo, rock Elevation 33 m (108 ft) it was decreed by the When the Scolopi then swore an October 14, 1869 with the task of Chancellery of Reggio Emilia, singer Luciano Ligabue, educator Loris *1+ oath of loyalty to the Bonaparte, Population (31 December 2016) on September 13, 1723, the improving finances and ensuring a Malaguzzi, who developed the Reggio king of Italy, the College was better didactic and disciplinary • Total 25,694 erection of a College of Emilia approach, 1908 Summer Piarists, which, in that same able to resume its usual course of the College, he Olympics marathon runner Dorando • Density 330/km2 (860/ year, they began to give you tranquility but, abolished by the accomplished his work for a decade the public teaching of sq mi) decree of Campiégne (15 April and the Institute, completely Pietri, and novelist Pier Vittorio Tondelli. Grammar, Humanity and 1810) the religious Rhetoric, Philosophy and laicized and named first to Antonio Demonym(s) Correggesi . Sixty years later Corporations, the Fathers of the Allegri then to Rinaldo Corso with suppressed by the Duke Pious Schools had to abandon R.D. February 14, 1881, it was Ercole III d'Este the P.P. Correggio, after almost a recognized as a municipal body Dominicans, the Piarists century of uninterrupted, wise transformed went on to continue their and appreciated teaching. learned teaching in the into a former convent of S. The institute was re-opened, but boarding Domenico, in a Ducal Civic radically transformed by order school with College which was opened of the Duke, on 4 November annexed high with solemn inauguration on school and December 18, 1783, under 1844. After the famous the protection and favor of plebiscite annexed to the gymnasium the Duke himself. dominions of the House of schools. Savoy, the Bishop lost his The official language, Lithuanian, along According to the 2011 census, 77.2% of residents Lithuania with Latvian, is one of only two living of Lithuania were Catholics. Catholicism has languages in the Baltic branch of been the main religion since the the Indo-European language family. official Christianisation of Lithuania in 1387. The Catholic Church was prosecuted by the Lithuanian is a Baltic language, closely Russian Empire as part of related to Latvian, although they are the Russification policies and by the Soviet not mutually intelligible. It is written in Lithuania, officially Union as part of the overall anti-religious The first people settled in the an adapted version of the Roman script. campaigns. 4.1% of the population are Eastern the Republic of Lithuania, is a Lithuanian is believed to be territory of Lithuania after the last Orthodox, mainly among the Russian minority. country in the Baltic the linguistically most The community of Old Believers (0.8% of glacial period in the 10th conservative living Indo-European region of Europe. Since its population) dates back to 1660s. Protestants are millennium tongue, retaining many features of Proto The culture 0.8%, of which 0.6% are Lutheran and 0.2% independence, Lithuania has Indo-European. BC: Kunda, Neman and Narva are Reformed. been referred to as one of Foundation of cultures. They were traveling the University of in the Baltic states. It is situated Foundation of the University of hunters and did not form stable 1579 was a major factor of There is a great deal of Vilnius in 1579 was a major factor of along the southeastern shore of establishing local scientist written in Latin, the main scholarly language settlements. In the 8th millennium establishing local scientist community in Lithuania of the Middle Ages. The edicts of the the Baltic Sea, to the east community in Lithuania and making BC, the climate became much and making connections Lithuanian King Mindaugas is the prime of Sweden and Denmark. It is connections with other universities with other universities and example of the literature of this kind. warmer, and forests developed. and scientists of bordered by Latvia to the scientists of Europe. The Letters of Gediminas are another crucial The inhabitants of what is now Europe. Lithuanian bajoras and Gr north, Belarus to the east and The first known record of the name of heritage of the Lithuanian Latin writings. Lithuan is in a 9 March 1009 story Lithuania then traveled less and and of Lithuania artillery south, Poland to the south, of Saint Bruno in the Quedlinburg expert Kazimieras Simonavičius is a Several famous Lithuania-related Chronicle. The Chronicle recorded a engaged in local hunting, and Kaliningrad pioneer of rocketry, who has architects are notable for their achievements Latinized form of the name Lietuva. gathering and fresh-water fishing. published Artis Magnae in the field of architecture. Johann Christoph Oblast (a Russian exclave) to Due to the lack of reliable evidence, Glaubitz, Marcin Knackfus, Laurynas the true meaning of the name is Agriculture did not emerge until Artilleriae in 1650 that for over two the southwest. unknown. Nowadays, scholars still centuries was used in Europe as a Gucevičius and Karol Podczaszyński were debate the meaning of the word and the 3rd millennium BC due to a basic artillery manual and contains a instrumental in For centuries, the southeastern there are a few plausible versions. harsh climate and terrain and a large chapter on caliber, introducing Baroque and neoclassical architec construction, production and tural movements to the Lithuanian shores of the Baltic Sea were lack of suitable tools to cultivate properties of rockets (for military architecture during the seventeenth to inhabited by various Baltic Lithuania lies at the edge of the land. Crafts and trade also and civil purposes), nineteenth centuries.[386] Vilnius is considered tribes. In the 1230s, the the North European Plain. Its started to form at this time. Over a including multistage as a capital of the Eastern Europe Baroque. rockets, batteries of rockets, and Lithuanian lands were united landscape was smoothed by the Pranciškus Smuglevičius, Jan millennium, the Indo-Europeans, rockets with delta wing stabilizers. A Rustem, Juozapas Oleškevičius and Kanutas by Mindaugas, the King of glaciers of the last ice age, and is a botanist Jurgis Pabrėža (1771-1849), who arrived in the 3rd – 2nd Ruseckas are the most prominent Lithuanian created first systematic guide of Lithuania, and the first unified combination of moderate millennium BC, mixed with the painters of the 18th and 19th centuries. Lithuanian flora Taislius Lithuanian state, the Kingdom lowlands and highlands. Its highest local population and formed Lithuania has some very famous theatre auguminis (Botany), written in features the directors well known in the country and of Lithuania, was created on 6 point is Aukštojas Hill at 294 various Baltic tribes. Samogitian dialect, the Latin- products suited to the cool abroad. One of them is Oskaras Koršunovas. July 1253. metres (965 ft) in the eastern part The current system of administrative Lithuanian of plant and moist northern climate of names, first Lithuanian textbook of of the country. The terrain division was established in 1994 and Lithuania: barley, potatoes, rye, Lithuanian folk music belongs to Baltic music On 11 March 1990, a year modified in 2000 to meet the geography. beets, greens, berries, branch which is connected features numerous lakes (Lake before the formal dissolution of requirements of the European Union. As of 2008, there were 15 public and mushrooms are locally with neolithic corded ware culture. Two Vištytis, for example) and The country's 10 grown, and dairy products are instrument cultures meet in the areas the Soviet Union, Lithuania and 6 private universities as well as wetlands, and a mixed forest zone counties (Lithuanian: singular – 16 public and 11 private colleges in one of its specialties. Fish dishes inhabited by : stringed (kanklių) became the first Baltic state to apskritis, plural – apskritys) are Lithuania (see: List of universities in are very popular in the coastal and wind instrument cultures. Lithuanian folk covers over 33% of the declare itself independent, subdivided into 60 Lithuania).ilnius University is one of music is archaic, mostly used for ritual country. Drūkšiai is the municipalities (Lithuanian: singular the oldest universities in Northern purposes, containing elements resulting in the restoration of largest, Tauragnas is the deepest – savivaldybė, plural – Europe and the largest university in of paganism faith. In Lithuania, choral an independent State of savivaldybės), and further divided Lithuania. University of music is very important. Vilnius is the only and Asveja is the longest lake in Lithuania. into 500 elderships (Lithuanian: Technology is the largest technical city with three choirs laureates (Brevis, Jauna Lithuania. singular – seniūnija, plural – university in the Baltic States and Muzika and Chamber Choir of the seniūnijos). the 2nd largest university in Conservatoire) at the European Grand Prix for Lithuania. Choral Singing. VDU "Atzalynas" progymnasium, Kaunas, Lithuania Kaunasis the second-largest city in Lithuania and the historical centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and BUILDING'S HISTORY cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the centre of

The 28th Secondary School a county in Municipality of the Grand Duchy of started working since Lithuania since 1413. In the Russian Empire, it was the 1969. September 1 27th (“Vyturys”) high school capital of the Kaunas from 1843 to 1915. premises. In the current building school since 1970 September 1 On the occasion of the 25th anniversary, the school was given the name "Atžalynas", which was chosen by the school community from many of the proposed names. The school has experienced many From 1990 to 1999, the challenges during the years (as For many years, the school school was led by Country Lithuania with the entire education system), has formed traditional Vytautas County Kaunas County has not lost its face, and is moving events and celebrations Martynaitis. Vytautas The city's name is forward, avoiding innovation and Municipality Kaunas city Martynaitis soon became that are proud of the school respecting the paand respecting of Lithuanian origin and most likely municipality his own teacher and community. They the past. In 2010, the school began derives from a personal name. Capital of Kaunas County student. Democracy did remember the teachers to communicate and collaborate not undermine the who have been working for with Vytautas Magnus A settlement had been established on First mentioned 1361 educational process, and University. In spring 2015, the many years in school . the site of the current Kaunas old Granted city rights 1408 people became freer. university and school In commemorating the town, at the confluence of two large administrations signed a From 1999 to 2006, the school's 40th anniversary, rivers, at least by the 10th century Elderships List[show] cooperation agreement, and on school was headed by a school museum was AD. Kaunas is first mentioned in Government September 1, the school once Arvydas Palevičius. We opened and opened: written sources in 1361 when the • Type Mayor-council again changed its name to felt a little restrained, but brick Kaunas Castle was constructed. Vytautas Magnus University's  various school government that apparently In 1362, the castle was captured after Atzalynas progymnasium. The needed. We went out of celebrations (anniversary, • Mayor Visvaldas Matijošaitis a siege and destroyed by the Teutonic [4] school has been successfully management, we joined last call) attributes are the Order. Commander Vaidotas of the running the OLWEUS Bullying the audit system, we anniversary calendars, Area medals, half-tests, Kaunas castle garrison, with 36 men, Prevention Program for several 'rode' the computer. We • City 157 km2 (61 sq mi) years. celebrated the 30th graduates' wills, etc. tried to break through, but was taken anniversary of this school  Awards for prisoner. It was one of the largest and • Metro 8,089 km2 (3,123 sq The first director of the school is with this director. But competitions, mi) Regina Klimavičienė . She led the important military victories of the also Arvydas Palevičius competitions, Olympics are school community from 1969 to Teutonic Knights in the 14th century Elevation 48 m (157 ft) from our team started to cups and medals; 1989. Regina Klimavičienė against Lithuania.[17] The Kaunas work as a scientist. pupils' creative and design Population (2018) together with her colleagues built a castle was rebuilt at the beginning of work, textbooks by former • City 288,466[3] school, took her first steps and Since 2006, the director school teachers,. the 15th century. became a school leader not only in of the school is Nijolė • Density 1,935/km2 (5,010/ her own but also in the city. Jukštienė. It is the head sq mi) • Metro 380,974including Kaunas From 1989 to 1990, Ričardas of the present and future Gudaitis was elected director of school, who has come to the school. The winds of rebirth, lead the team of the raging throughout Lithuania at the same school (was a end of the 1980s, were also absorbed by our school. Sąjūdis deputy was formed. There were new director). Friendly, ideas. Director Regina constantly smiling, Klimavičienė decided to hand over sincere, but strict and the school leadership to the new demanding if manager. R. Gudaitis was elected, promising democratic school necessary. Every management and innovations. He teacher, every student is did his promises, but took a short important to her. lead as he turned to politics.

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