The Fossil Record of Early Tetrapods: Worker Effort and the End−Permian Mass Extinction
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Alfred Romer – Wikipedia
Alfred Romer – Wikipedia https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Romer aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Alfred Sherwood Romer (* 28. Dezember 1894 in White Plains, New York; † 5. November 1973) war ein US-amerikanischer Paläontologe. Sein Fachgebiet war die Evolution der Wirbeltiere. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Romer-Lücke 3 Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen 4 Schriften 5 Weblinks 6 Einzelnachweise Leben Alfred Sherwood Romer wurde in White Plains, New York geboren, wo er seinen High-School-Abschluss machte. Danach arbeitete er ein Jahr lang als Angestellter bei der Eisenbahn und entschloss sich dann doch für den Besuch eines College. Mit Hilfe eines Stipendiums vom Amherst College konnte er dort Geschichte und deutsche Literatur studieren. Durch häufige Besuche des American Museum of Natural History entdeckte er seine Begeisterung für naturkundliche Fossilien. Bei Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs meldete er sich als Freiwilliger zum Kriegsdienst und wurde sofort in Frankreich eingesetzt. 1919 kam er zurück nach New York und nahm das Studium der Biologie an der Columbia University auf, das er bereits zwei Jahre später mit der Promotion abschloss. Danach war er als wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft an der Bellevue Medical School der New York University beschäftigt und lehrte insbesondere Histologie, Embryologie und Allgemeine Anatomie. 1923 erhielt er einen Ruf von der Universität Chicago, wo er seine spätere Ehefrau Ruth kennenlernte, mit der er drei Kinder hatte. In Chicago fand er Bedingungen vor, die es ihm ermöglichten, sein Hauptinteresse zu intensivieren - die Paläontologie. So entstanden in den Jahren von 1925 bis 1935 37 Fachartikel, die sich mit diesem Thema befassten. 1934 wurde er zum Professor für Biologie an der Harvard University ernannt. -
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Contributions to Zoology, 67 (4) 277-279 (1998) SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam Short notes and reviews The fossil fauna of Mazon Creek Hans-Peter Schultze Institutfür Paläontologie, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany Keywords: Book review, Mazon Creek, fossil fauna Review of: Richardson’s Guide to the Fossil tematic collecting effort that tried to match that of Fauna of Mazon Creek, edited by Charles W. private collectors. Of great importance, however, & A. Illinois Shabica Andrew Hay. Northeastern was his connection to private collectors. This 308 University, Chicago, Illinois, 1997: XVIII + pp., connection enabled him to view all new finds and 385 4 1 faunal $75.00 figs., tables, list; (hard cover) photograph them. His access to these collections ISBN 0-925065-21-8. was of importance to specialists because it provided with them material for a description of the diverse Since the last the Mazon Creek fauna. century, area around Richardson was able to motivate his col- in northern 100 km in Illinois, about southwest of leagues to engage themselves the Mazon Creek has been known for its Chicago, Pennsylvanian fossils, but he himself compiled mostly raw data fossils. Mainly plant fossils were found along and photographs. He could not finish the project, Mazon Creek and in the coal of that and Charles Shabica open pits area Dr. W. took over the com- until the 1950s. Langford (1958, 1963) was the pilation of the book after Richardson’s death in first to give a compilation of the flora and fauna 1983. Shabica enlisted 24 authors to write short of Mazon Creek. -
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus -
Noise Annoys Not Mouriamorphs Filled a Niche THESE Days, Our Ears Are Too Sensitive for That Made Their Preserva Their Own Good
NEWS AND VIEWS DAEDALUS--------~ An orthodox interpret ation might be that sey Noise annoys not mouriamorphs filled a niche THESE days, our ears are too sensitive for that made their preserva their own good. Primitive tribes, with only tion unlikely until the begin natural sounds to listen to, retain their ning of the acute hearing into late age. Modern Permian, at which point civilization, however, batters our ears into taphonomic circumstances early deafness. They have a natural changed and they were protection mechanism, but it badly needs suddenly abundantly pre upgrading. served, both in Euramerica It uses two tiny muscles, the tensor and in those plates newly tympani and the stapedius, which reduce accreting to Euramerica in the ear's sensitivity by stiffening the the Lower Permian. How joints of its transmission bones. They are ever, with tetrapods also tensed automatically by loud noise. They FIG. 2 Discosauriscus, a small, probably larval seymouri diversifying in East Gond worked well in prehistoric times, when amorph from the Lower Permian of the Czech Republic. Cal wana in the Early Carbonif most noises built up slowly. But they ibrated scale bar, 5 cm. (Science Museum of Minnesota; erous, it is equally possible photograph by A. M.) cannot react fast enough to modern that seymouriamorphs first bangs and crashes, and sustained uproar apparently centred on equatorial appeared there and, instead of spreading fatigues them. Daedalus wants to warn Euramerica, was largely a process of westwards, spread or hopped north across them of noise in advance. ecological niche-hopping within a s ingle the chain of North China, Tarim and A sound wave launched upwards into continent. -
Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited
Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE AMY C. HENRICI Collection Manager Section of Vertebrate Paleontology Carnegie Museum of Natural History 4400 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-4080, USA Phone:(412)622-1915 Email: [email protected] BACKGROUND Birthdate: 24 September 1957. Birthplace: Pittsburgh. Citizenship: USA. EDUCATION B.A. 1979, Hiram College, Ohio (Biology) M.S. 1989, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Geology) CAREER Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMNH) Laboratory Technician, Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1979 Research Assistant, Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1980 Curatorial Assistant, Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1980-1984 Scientific Preparator, Section of Paleobotany, 1985-1986 Scientific Preparator, Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1985-2002 Acting Collection Manager/Scientific Preparator, 2003-2004 Collection Manager, 2005-present PALEONTOLOGICAL FIELD EXPERIENCE Late Pennsylvanian through Early Permian of Colorado, New Mexico and Utah (fish, amphibians and reptiles) Early Permian of Germany, Bromacker quarry (amphibians and reptiles) Triassic of New Mexico, Coelophysis quarry (Coelophysis and other reptiles) Upper Jurassic of Colorado (mammals and herps) Tertiary of Montana, Nevada, and Wyoming (mammals and herps) Pleistocene of West Virginia (mammals and herps) Lake sediment cores and lake sediment surface samples, Wyoming (pollen and seeds) PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS Associate Editor, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1998-2000. Research Associate in the Science Division, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 2007-present. PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paleontological Society LECTURES and TUTORIALS (Invited and public) 1994. Middle Eocene frogs from central Wyoming: ontogeny and taphonomy. California State University, San Bernardino 1994. Mechanical preparation of vertebrate fossils. California State University, San Bernardino 1994. Mechanical preparation of vertebrate fossils. University of Chicago 2001. -
Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society
Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society Volume 4 2018 Including lecture articles from the AGM 2017, the Milton Keynes Symposium 2017, OUGS Members’ field trip reports, the Annual Report for 2017, and the 2017 Moyra Eldridge Photographic Competition winning and highly commended photographs Edited and designed by: Dr David M. Jones 41 Blackburn Way, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1JY e-mail: [email protected] The Open University Geological Society (OUGS) and its Proceedings Editor accept no responsibility for breach of copyright. Copyright for the work remains with the authors, but copyright for the published articles is that of the OUGS. ISSN 2058-5209 © Copyright reserved Proceedings of the OUGS 4 2018; published 2018; printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire Evolution of life on land: how new Scottish fossils are re-writing our under- standing of this important transition Dr Tim Kearsey BGS Edinburgh Romer’s gap — a hole in our understanding t has long been understood that at some point in the evolution Meanwhile at a quarry called East Kirkton Quarry near Iof vertebrates there was a transition point where they moved Edinburgh in Scotland vertebrate fossils were discovered that are from mainly subsiding in water to living on land. However, until 10 million years younger than the Greenland fossils. These include recently there had been no fossil evidence that documented how Westlothiana, which is thought to be the first amniote (egg-layer) vertebrate life stepped from water to land. This significant hole in or possibly early reptile (Smithson and Rolfe 1990) and scientific knowledge of evolution is referred to as Romer’s gap Balanerpeton an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian. -
Physical and Environmental Drivers of Paleozoic Tetrapod Dispersal Across Pangaea
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07623-x OPEN Physical and environmental drivers of Paleozoic tetrapod dispersal across Pangaea Neil Brocklehurst1,2, Emma M. Dunne3, Daniel D. Cashmore3 &Jӧrg Frӧbisch2,4 The Carboniferous and Permian were crucial intervals in the establishment of terrestrial ecosystems, which occurred alongside substantial environmental and climate changes throughout the globe, as well as the final assembly of the supercontinent of Pangaea. The fl 1234567890():,; in uence of these changes on tetrapod biogeography is highly contentious, with some authors suggesting a cosmopolitan fauna resulting from a lack of barriers, and some iden- tifying provincialism. Here we carry out a detailed historical biogeographic analysis of late Paleozoic tetrapods to study the patterns of dispersal and vicariance. A likelihood-based approach to infer ancestral areas is combined with stochastic mapping to assess rates of vicariance and dispersal. Both the late Carboniferous and the end-Guadalupian are char- acterised by a decrease in dispersal and a vicariance peak in amniotes and amphibians. The first of these shifts is attributed to orogenic activity, the second to increasing climate heterogeneity. 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK. 2 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. 3 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. 4 Institut -
Inner Ear Morphology of Diadectomorphs And
Palaeontology INNER EAR MORPHOLOGY OF DIADECTOMORPHS AND SEYMOURIAMORPHS (TETRAPODA) UNCOVERED BY HIGH- RESOLUTION X-RAY MICROCOMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, AND THE ORIGIN OF THE AMNIOTE CROWN-GROUP Journal: Palaeontology Manuscript ID PALA-01-19-4428-OA.R1 Manuscript Type: Original Article Date Submitted by the 22-May-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Klembara, Jozef; Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave, Department of Ecology Hain, Miroslav; Slovak Academy of Sciences, Instutite of Measurement Science Ruta, Marcello; University of Lincoln School of Life Sciences, Vertebrate Zoology and Analytical Palaeobiology Berman, David; Carnegie Museum of Natural History Pierce, Stephanie; Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology Henrici, Amy; Carnegie Museum of Natural History Diadectomorpha, Seymouriamorpha, inner ear, fossa subarcuata, origin Key words: of amniotes, amniote phylogeny Palaeontology Page 1 of 68 Palaeontology 1 1 2 3 INNER EAR MORPHOLOGY OF DIADECTOMORPHS AND SEYMOURIAMORPHS 4 5 6 (TETRAPODA) UNCOVERED BY HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAY MICROCOMPUTED 7 8 TOMOGRAPHY, AND THE ORIGIN OF THE AMNIOTE CROWN-GROUP 9 10 11 12 by JOZEF KLEMBARA1,*, MIROSLAV HAIN2, MARCELLO RUTA3,*, DAVID S 13 14 4 5 4 15 BERMAN , STEPHANIE E. PIERCE and AMY C. HENRICI 16 17 18 19 1 Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology, 20 21 22 Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] 23 24 2 Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 25 26 Bratislava, Slovakia -
A New Discosauriscid Seymouriamorph Tetrapod from the Lower Permian of Moravia, Czech Republic
A new discosauriscid seymouriamorph tetrapod from the Lower Permian of Moravia, Czech Republic JOZEF KLEMBARA Klembara, J. 2005. A new discosauriscid seymouriamorph tetrapod from the Lower Permian of Moravia, Czech Repub− lic. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (1): 25–48. A new genus and species, Makowskia laticephala gen. et sp. nov., of seymouriamorph tetrapod from the Lower Permian deposits of the Boskovice Furrow in Moravia (Czech Republic) is described in detail, and its cranial reconstruction is pre− sented. It is placed in the family Discosauriscidae (together with Discosauriscus and Ariekanerpeton) on the following character states: short preorbital region; rounded to oval orbits positioned mainly in anterior half of skull; otic notch dorsoventrally broad and anteroposteriorly deep; rounded to oval ventral scales. Makowskia is distinguished from other Discosauriscidae by the following characters: nasal bones equally long as broad; interorbital region broad; prefrontal− postfrontal contact lies in level of frontal mid−length (only from D. pulcherrimus); maxilla deepest at its mid−length; sub− orbital ramus of jugal short and dorsoventrally broad with long anterodorsal−posteroventral directed lacrimal−jugal su− ture; postorbital anteroposteriorly short and lacks elongated posterior process; ventral surface of basioccipital smooth; rows of small denticles placed on distinct ridges and intervening furrows radiate from place immediately laterally to artic− ular portion on ventral surface of palatal ramus of pterygoid (only from D. pulcherrimus); -
1 1 Appendix S1: Complete List of Characters And
1 1 Appendix S1: Complete list of characters and modifications to the data matrix of RC07, with 2 reports of new observations of specimens. 3 The names, the abbreviations and the order of all characters and their states are 4 unchanged from RC07 unless a change is explained. We renumbered the characters we did 5 not delete from 1 to 277, so the character numbers do not match those of RC07. However, 6 merged characters retain the abbreviations of all their components: PREMAX 1-2-3 (our 7 character 1) consists of the characters PREMAX 1, PREMAX 2 and PREMAX 3 of RC07, 8 while MAX 5/PAL 5 (our ch. 22) is assembled from MAX 5 and PAL 5 of RC07. We did not 9 add any characters, except for splitting state 1 of INT FEN 1 into the new state 1 of INT FEN 10 1 (ch. 84) and states 1 and 2 of the new character MED ROS 1 (ch. 85), undoing the merger 11 of PIN FOR 1 and PIN FOR 2 (ch. 91 and 92) and splitting state 0 of TEETH 3 into the new 12 state 0 of TEETH 3 (ch. 183) and the entire new character TEETH 10 (ch. 190). A few 13 characters have additional states or are recoded in other ways. Deleted characters are retained 14 here, together with the reasons why we deleted them and the changes we made to their scores. 15 All multistate characters mention in their names whether they are ordered, unordered, 16 or treated according to a stepmatrix. -
Alfred Romer to Hugh L
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALFRED SHERWOOD ROMER 1894—1973 A Biographical Memoir by EDWIN H. COLBERT Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1982 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. ALFRED SHERWOOD ROMER December 28, 1894 -November 5, 1973 BY EDWIN H. COLBERT LFRED SHERWOOD ROMER was a man of many aspects: a A profound scholar whose studies of vertebrate evolution based upon the comparative anatomy of fossils established him throughout the world as an outstanding figure in his field; a gifted teacher who trained several generations of paleontologists and anatomists; an effective administrator who never allowed the burden of office to diminish his re- search activities; a lucid writer whose books and scientific papers were and are of inestimable value; and a warm per- son, loved and admired by family, friends, and colleagues. Al, as he was universally known to his friends, lived a full and rewarding life, during which he led and influenced paleon- tologists, anatomists, and evolutionists in many lands. His absence is keenly felt. A1 Romer was born in White Plains, New York on December 28, 1894, the son of a newspaper man who was editor, and sometimes owner, of several small-town news- papers in Connecticut and New York, and who later worked for the Associated Press. On the paternal side he was de- scended from Jacob Romer, an emigrant from Ziirich who settled among the Dutch residents of the Hudson River Val- ley about 1725.