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Editorial Sommaire www.grasco.eu Parution trimestrielle www.larevuedugrasco.eu N°8— Février 2014 gratuite EDITORIAL SOMMAIRE EDITO1 Vers une directive « investigations fi- INTERVIEW : nancières » pour lutter contre le déve- EMILE PEREZ, DIRECTEUR DE LA COOPÉRATION INTER- NATIONALE4 loppement de l’économie criminelle ? . JACQUES BARROT, MEMBRE DU CONSEIL CONSTITU- TIONNEL, ANCIEN VICE-PRÉSIDENT DE LA COMMISSION EUROPÉENNE, CHARGÉ DE JUSTICE, LIBERTÉ ET SÉCU- RITÉ8 e CEIFAC accueillera, à Strasbourg, sa seconde promotion, RAPPORTS : DESSINER LE MINISTÈRE PUBLIC DE DEMAIN, À PROPOS du 17 mars au 4 avril 2013, formée de 30 représentants des DU RAPPORT NADAL, PAR MYRIAM QUÉMÉNER9 autorités de justice/police-gendarmerie/Douanes et Rensei- L CONSTATS ET PRÉCONISATIONS : gnement des Etats membres de l’Union européenne. DU RAPPORT NORA-MINC À LA LUTTE CONTRE LA CYBERCRIMINALITÉ, PAR ANNE SOUVIRA11 Créé eu sein de l’Université de Strasbourg dans le cadre d’un parte- PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIE DE LA CRIMINOLOGIE ORGANISÉE : nariat européen, le CEIFAC vise à promouvoir, au sein des Etats LES ESCROQUERIES AUX FAUX ORDRES DE VIREMENT, membres, le développement des investigations financières et de PAR PHILIPPE PETITPREZ16 FINANCE ET CRIME : PUISSANCES, HYBRIDATIONS, l’analyse financière dans le but de mieux lutter contre le dévelop- CONVERGENCES, PAR JEAN-FRANÇOIS GAYRAUD22 pement de l’infiltration de l’économie par des flux d’argent illicite. BLANCHIMENT D’ARGENT, UN NOUVEAU FLÉAU POUR Elles doivent également permettre de déjouer les fraudes finan- LES PARIS SPORTIFS, PAR CHRISTIAN KALB ET PIM VERSCHUUREN25 cières de grande envergure considérées comme étant en partie res- LA PRODUCTION ET LE TRAFIC DE CANNABIS DANS LE ponsables de la crise économique actuelle et qui menacent de dé- SUD DES BALKANS, PAR CYRILLE BAUMGARTNER31 stabiliser les systèmes financiers à l’échelle internationale. DOCTRINE SCIENCES CRIMINELLES : « HACKERS » EN DEVENIR ET EN REPENTIR, PAR DA- NIEL GUINIER36 DOCTRINE JURIDIQUE : LES INFRACTIONS NUMÉRIQUES À LA RECHERCHE D’UNE RÉGLEMENTATION 2.0, PAR AMÉLIE RODRIGUES 49 LES APPORTS DE LA LOI N° 2013-1117 DU 6 DÉCEMBRE 2013 RELATIVE À LA LUTTE CONTRE LA FRAUDE FIS- CALE ET LA GRANDE DÉLINQUANCE ÉCONOMIQUE ET FINANCIÈRE, AU DROIT DES SAISIES ET CONFISCA- TIONS, PAR CHANTAL CUTAJAR55 DU CÔTÉ DES PRATICIENS : NOTE TECHNIQUE RELATIVE À LA RÉVISION DES DÉCI- SIONS PÉNALES DÉFINITIVES, PAR CLAUDE MATHON65 LA LUTTE CONTRE LA FRAUDE DU SYSTÈME CARTES BANCAIRES CB, PAR PIERRE CHASSIGNEUX ET MARTINE BRIAT74 MANAGEMENT DE LA LUTTE ANTI-CORRUPTION ET GESTION DU RISQUE CRIMINEL, PAR PIERRE MEMHELD 83 REGARDONS AILLEURS : UNE DESCRIPTION SOMMAIRE DE LA LÉGISLATION ANTIMAFIA ITALIENNE. LES PENTITI, PAR VITO MONET- TI91 LE CADRE LÉGISLATIF ET INSTITUTIONNEL EN MATIÈRE DE LUTTE CONTRE LA CRIMINALITÉ ORGANISÉE EN ROUMANIE, PAR LAURA FELICIA CEH 95 Première promotion du CEIFAC Octobre-Novembre 2013 LE SYSTÈME ITALIEN DE LUTTE CONTRE LES PATRI- Le Groupe d'action financière (GAFI) a placé les investigations fi- MOINES MAFIEUX, PAR FABIO LICATA100 nancières au coeur de la lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent, le JURISPRUDENCE : L’AFFAIRE « PÉTROLE CONTRE NOURRITURE » DE- financement du terrorisme et la prolifération des armes de des- VANT LA JUSTICE FRANÇAISE, LIBRES PROPOS SUR truction massive dans ses recommandations révisées, adoptées en LE JUGEMENT DU TRIBUNAL CORRECTIONNEL DE PARIS DU 8 JUILLET 2013, PAR JULIETTE LELIEUR103 févier 2012. La commission européenne en a fait une priorité de la CONDITIONS REQUISES AU VISA DE L’ARTICLE 99-2 lutte contre l’infiltration de l’économie par des flux d’argent crimi- AL. 2 CPP POUR LA REMISE DES BIENS MEUBLES À L’AGRASC - A PROPOS DE CRIM. 3 DÉCEMBRE 2013, nels, phénomène en augmentation constante. PAR CHANTAL CUTAJAR109 LU POUR VOUS: L’objectif est de mettre en oeuvre des investigations financières en LA RICHESSE CACHÉE DES NATIONS – ENQUÊTE SUR même temps que l’enquête sur l’infraction qui a généré des profits. LES PARADIS FISCAUX, GÉRARD GOURGUECHON113 Il s’agit d’une enquête sur les flux financiers en lien avec les faits. Les investigations financières constructions navales internatio- financière Criminelle doivent permettre d’associer nales (DCN – I) et en blessa http://www.ceifac.eu l’expertise judiciaire et finan- douze autres dans l’explosion cière dans une approche complé- du véhicule de la marine pakis- Rapport SOCTA 2013 d’Europol : mentaire et de garantir que les tanaise à bord duquel ils se trou- Ajouter lien sur le site du GRAS- comportements infractionnels vaient, les liens entre l’attentat CO pour renvoyer au document. fassent l’objet d’une enquête et le versement de commissions En effet, ce volet financier a été exhaustive. Elles s’inscrivent à des intermédiaires pakistanais ouvert bien plus tard, lorsqu’ont dans une démarche proactive et de rétro commissions desti- été sont saisis dans les locaux favorisant l’identification et le nées à financer illicitement la de la DCN, au cours de perquisi- gel des produits de l’infraction campagne des élections prési- tions réalisées en 2008 dans le pour éviter leur dissipation, dis- dentielles françaises de 1995 cadre d’une autre information parition ou introduction dans auraient été découverts beau- judiciaire, deux rapports in- l’économie légale. coup plus tôt. ternes dénommés « Rapports Les investigations financières On se félicitera, dans cette pers- Nautilus », datés des 11 sep- sont également susceptibles de pective de la création, par les tembre et 7 novembre 2002 qui révéler l’existence d’infractions lois du 6 décembre 2013, du avaient été commandés par la qui n’auraient jamais été décou- Procureur de la République fi- société DCN-1 à un ancien agent vertes sans elles. Ainsi, en nancier, qui devrait, s’il est doté de la DST dans le but de recher- France, l’opération baptisée des moyens nécessaires, contri- cher notamment sur qui pouvait « Virus » a permis en octobre buer à la systématisation de ces rejaillir la responsabilité de l’at- 2012, à l’Office Central de la Ré- investigations en matière de cor- tentat du 8 mai 2002. V. Cutajar pression de la Grande Délin- ruption et de fraude fiscale C., Affaire Karachi : une nouvelle quance Financière et l’Office grave. consécration du droit à la vérité, Central de Répression du Trafic JCP, éd. G, n° 23, 674 à propos A l’échelle de l’Union euro- Illicite de Stupéfiants, agissant de Cass. crim., 4 avr. 2012, n° 11 péenne plusieurs textes recom- de concert, de démanteler un -81.124. mandent la mise en oeuvre important réseau franco-suisse- d’investigations financières pour Communication de la Commis- marocain d’importation de has- lutter contre la corruption, la sion au Parlement européen, au chich et de blanchiment dans traite des êtres humains, le blan- Conseil, au Comité économique lequel apparaissaient aux côtés chiment. Ainsi, la Commission et social européen et au Comité de trafiquants de drogue de ban- préconise que les Etats membres des Régions – La stratégie de lieue et de financiers véreux, des mènent activement, à partir de l’UE en vue de l’éradication de la notables : un avocat, un den- 2013, des investigations finan- traite des êtres humains pour la tiste, un marchand d’art, un in- cières dans les affaires de traites période 2012-2016 COM(2012) génieur du son, un entrepre- des êtres humains. Il leur est 286 final. neur, un patron d’une entreprise demandé de fournir des infor- et même une élue locale. Tous mations à Europol aux fins détenaient un compte en suisse d’analyse et de traitement et de et souhaitaient récupérer l’ar- 1. Collège Européen des Investigations Finan- renforcer leur coopération avec cières et de l’Analyse financière Criminelle gent en liquide pour frauder le 2. http://www.ceifac.eu EUROJUST et CEPOL. Europol fisc sans prendre le risque d’al- 3. Rapport SOCTA 2013 d’Europol : http:// procèdera d’ici 2015 à une ana- grasco.u-strasbg.fr/public/document/ ler en Suisse pour le retirer. Ils europol_socta_2013-Report.pdf lyse des informations trans- ont été mis en examen pour 4. En effet, ce volet financier a été ouvert mises par les Etats membres sur bien plus tard, lorsqu’ont été sont saisis blanchiment de fraude fiscale. dans les locaux de la DCN, au cours de les investigations financières Les investigations financières perquisitions réalisées en 2008 dans le dans ces affaires. Cette analyse cadre d’une autre information judiciaire, ont ainsi mis en lumière la poro- deux rapports internes dénommés devrait permettre de dégager les « Rapports Nautilus », datés des 11 sep- sité entre le monde des organi- bonnes pratiques ainsi que des tembre et 7 novembre 2002 qui avaient été sations criminelles et celui des commandés par la société DCN-1 à un an- modèles pour les enquêtes poli- cien agent de la DST dans le but de recher- individus parfaitement insérés cières financières. cher notamment sur qui pouvait rejaillir la socialement. responsabilité de l’attentat du 8 mai 2002. V. Cutajar C., Affaire Karachi : une nouvelle Peut-être le premier pas vers ce Si, de telles investigations consécration du droit à la vérité, JCP, éd. G, qui pourrait préfigurer dans n° 23, 674 à propos de Cass. crim., 4 avr. avaient été déclenchées, dès le 2012, n° 11-81.124. l’avenir, une directive départ, lors de l’attentat de Ka- 5. Communication de la Commission au Parle- « Investigations financières »… ment européen, au Conseil, au Comité rachi, qui le 8 mai 2002 provo- économique et social européen et au Comi- té des Régions – La stratégie de l’UE en vue qua la mort de onze employés Collège Européen des Investiga- de l’éradication de la traite des êtres hu- français de la Direction des tions Financières et de l’Analyse mains pour la période 2012-2016 COM (2012)286 final. 2 N° 8– Janvier 2014 COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE DU GRASCO Jean Pradel : Jean PRADEL né en 1933 fut successivement magistrat (de 1959 à 1969), puis professeur agrégé en 1969.
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