A Pragmatic Study of Humor in Asterix at the Olympic Games Comic
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF HUMOR IN ASTERIX AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES COMIC A THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Magister Humaniora (M.Hum.) in English Language Studies by Miftahush Shalihah 136332046 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A thesis A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF HUMOR IN ASTERIX AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES COMIC by Miftahush Shalihah Student Number: 136332046 Approved by Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A. Thesis Advisor Yogyakarta, 4 May 2016 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A THESIS A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF HUMOR IN ASTERIX AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES COMIC by Miftahush Shalihah 136332046 Defended before the Thesis Committee and Declared Acceptable THESIS COMMITTEE Chairperson: Dr. J. Bismoko ________________ Secretary : Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A. ________________ Members : 1. Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd., M.A. ________________ 2. Dr. E. Sunarto, M.Hum. ________________ Yogyakarta, 4 May 2016 The Graduate Program Director Sanata Dharma University Prof. Dr. Augustinus Supratiknya iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEDICATION PAGE Then which of the favours of your Lord will ye deny? (Q.S. Ar Rahman: 47) This thesis is dedicated to: 1. My beloved parents, Bapak Sukamto and Ibu Siti Baroroh 2. My sister, Saufa Nurul Khalidah 3. My brother, Muflikh Try Harbiyan 4. All of my teachers and my friends iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. All praises be to Allah SWT, the Almighty and the Most Merciful for all the blessing and miracles without which I would never been able to finish my thesis. My praises are also devoted upon the Prophet Muhammad PBUH, may peace and blessing be upon him, his family and companions. I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to my thesis advidor, Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A., for his invaluable time, patience, support, guidance, encouragement, help and suggestions in the process of finishing my thesis. I also would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my parents, H. Sukamto, B.A., S.H. and Dra. Hj. Siti Baroroh MSI. Thank you for leading me this way. It is all worth nothing without your love. I also would like to express my immeasurable love to my beloved sister and brother, Saufa Nurul Khalidah and dr. Muflikh Try Harbiyan who always there beside me anytime and every time I need them. My special thank is for Hilda ‘Key’ Damayanti who has become my sister since the first time I met her. My gratitude is also dedicated to all my friends in KBI C 2013: Bunda Hening, Kak Anna, Kak Tanti, Mas Tangguh, Nita, Ian, Mbak Maya, Mbak Desi, Mbak Marga, Mbak Pipit, Mbak Shanti, Ika and Vendi. Many thanks are also for Dewinta (you can finish it, dear), Putri (it is just one step closer), Levyn, Tia and other friends in KBI who cannot be mentioned one by one. My special sincere is for Ratri, who always supports me not to giving up with my thesis, for David, who always asks me to start to write my thesis again, for Mas Teguh, who convince me that I can finish my thesis, and Belinda and Mbak Dian, who always fight with me until I finished this thesis. I also want to thank Pak Mul, who is always willingly to help me anytime I need his help and also informs me whether my thesis advisor was in his office or not . I greatly appreciate Warsiti, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Mat., Rector of ‘Aisyiyah University of Yogyakarta and Ismarwati, S.KM., S.SiT., M.PH., Vice Rector of ‘Aisyiyah University of Yogyakarta who give me chance to continue and finish my postgraduate study. I also would like to send my heart for my team in Language Center of ‘Aisyiyah University of Yogyakarta: Ms. Nor, Ms. vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Farida, Ms. Tyas, Ms. Upik, Ms. Puji, Ms. Angga, Ms. Nova, Ms. Inggar, Ms. Poppy, Ms. Asti, Ms. Annisa, Ms. Erryn, Ms. Nita, Ms. Ika, Mr. Darmawan, Mr. Teguh and Mr. Dedi. I also thank to Icha Nur Hanna, Mas Dhono, Mbak Fayakun and Ms. Aisyah, who never stop supporting me. I am much obliged to everyone who have helped me during my study and thesis journey. May God bless you all. At last, I admit that this piece of writing is far for being perfect. However, I hope this thesis will give some contribution to linguistics and literary studies. Yogyakarta, 4 Mei 2016 Miftahush Shalihah viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………... i APPROVAL PAGE ……………………………………………………………. ii DEFENSE APPROVAL PAGE ……………………………………………….. iii DEDICATION PAGE …………………………………………………………. iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ……………………………………………. v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI …..………………….. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………. iv LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………... xii LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………………. xiii LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………….. xiv ABTRACT ……………………………………………………………………... xv ABSTRAK ……………………………………………………………………..... xvi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………. 1 A. Background of the Study ……………………………………………… 1 B. Formulation of the Problem …………………………………………… 6 C. Objective of the Study ………………………………………………… 7 D. Benefit of the Study …………………………………………………… 7 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………… 9 A. Language and Society …………………………………………………. 9 B. Pragmatics 1. Definition …………………………………………………………... 10 2. The Cooperative Principle …………………………………………. 13 a. Maxim of Quantity …………………………………………… 14 b. Maxim of Quality …………………………………………….. 14 c. Maxim of Relation ……………………………………………. 15 d. Maxim of Manner …………………………………………….. 16 e. Non Observance of the Maxim ……………………………….. 18 3. Implicature …………………………………………………………. 19 a. Conventional Implicature …………………………………….. 19 b. Conversational Implicature …………………………………… 19 4. Speech Act …………………………………………………………. 21 a. Austin’s Speech Act ………………………………………….. 22 1) Locutionary Act ………………………………………….. 22 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 2) Illocutionary Act ………………………………………… 23 3) Perlocutionary Act ………………………………………. 24 b. Searles’ Speech Act …………………………………………... 25 1) Assertive or Representative ……………………………… 25 2) Directive …………………………………………………. 26 3) Commisive ………………………………………………… 27 4) Expressive …………………………………………………. 28 5) Declaration ………………………………………………… 28 c. Leech’s Speech Act …………………………………………...... 29 5. Context ………………………………………………………………. 31 a. Situational Context ……………………………………………… 31 b. Social Context ………………………………………………….. 33 C. Theory of Humor ……………………………………………………….. 37 D. Comic and Cartoon ……………………………………………………… 39 E. The Comic …………………………………………………………….... 41 1. General Description of Asterix at the Olympic Games ………………. 41 2. Characters and Characterization …………………………………….. 43 F. Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………. 48 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………………..... 51 A. Type of Study …………………………………………………………… 51 B. Source of the Data ………………………………………………………. 52 C. Data Collection ………………………………………………………..... 52 D. Data Analysis …………………………………………………………… 55 E. Data Presentation ……………………………………………………….. 56 CHAPTER IV: DISCUSSION ………………………………………………….. 58 A. Speech Act ………………………………………………………………. 58 B. The Cooperative Principle ………………………………………………. 66 1. Violated Maxim …………………………………………………......... 68 a. Maxim of Quality ………………………………………………… 68 b. Maxim of Quantity ……………………………………………… 74 c. Maxim of Manner ………………………………………………… 81 d. Maxim of Relation ……………………………………………….. 84 2. Flouted Maxim ………………………………………………………… 89 a. Maxim of Quality ………………………………………………… 89 b. Maxim of Quantity ……………………………………………….. 92 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI c. Maxim of Manner ………………………………………………… 93 d. Maxim of Relation ………………………………………………... 94 C. Non Linguistics Context …………………………………………………. 96 1. Character’s Expression ……………………………………………….. 97 2. Illustration …………………………………………………………….. 101 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ………………………… 106 A. Conclusions……………………………………………………………….. 106 B. Suggestions ……………………………………………………………….. 109 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………. 111 APPENDIX 1: Scene Picture ……………………………………………………… 115 APPENDIX 1: Table of Analysis …………………………………………………. 131 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1. Data card of humor in the comic Asterix at the Olympic Games 54 Table 4.1. The occurrence of funny speech act 59 Table 4.2. The occurrence of funny flouted and violated maxims 67 Table 4.3. The occurrence of funny expression and illustration 97 xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Asterix 44 Figure 2.2. Obelix 45 Figure 2.3. Getafix 46 Figure 2.4. Chief Vitalstatistix 47 Figure 2.5. Gluteus Maximus 48 Figure 4.1. Datum 1/p.6. Example of funny speech act. 61 Figure 4.2. Datum 2/p.7. Example of funny speech act. 62 Figure 4.3. Datum 7/p.16. Example of funny speech act. 64 Figure 4.4. Datum 2/p.7. Example of quality maxim violation. 71 Figure 4.5. Datum 2/p.7. Example of quality maxim violation. 72 Figure 4.6. Datum 7/p.16. Example of quality maxim violation. 73 Figure 4.7. Datum 9/p.16-18. Example of quantity maxim violation. 75 Figure 4.8. Datum 17/p.30. Example of quantity maxim violation. 77 Figure 4.9. Datum 20/p.24. Example of quantity maxim violation. 78 Figure 4.10. Datum 2/p.7. Example of manner maxim violation. 81 Figure 4.11. Datum 7/p.16. Example of manner maxim violation. 82 Figure 4.12. Datum 12/p.24. Example of manner maxim violation. 83 Figure 4.13. Datum 1/p.6. Example of relation maxim violation.