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3. Spannungsfeld Sexarbeit Im Folgenden Teil Wird Auf Die Feministisch-Wissenschaftliche Debatte Zu Sexarbeit Eingegangen

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3. Spannungsfeld Sexarbeit Im Folgenden Teil Wird Auf Die Feministisch-Wissenschaftliche Debatte Zu Sexarbeit Eingegangen DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit "Only Rights Can Stop the Wrongs“: das neue Wiener Prostitutionsgesetz 2011 und seine Rezeption durch eine kritische Gegenöffentlichkeit Verfasserin Lisa Bauer angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra (Mag.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 057 390 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Internationale Entwicklung Betreuerin: Univ.-Prof. Univ.-Doz. Dr. Hanna Hacker Inhaltsverzeichnis 1.Einleitung..........................................................................................................................................1 1.1.Fragestellung..............................................................................................................................3 1.2.Aufbau der Arbeit......................................................................................................................4 1.3.Schreibweise und Begriffsklärung.............................................................................................5 1.4.Forschungsstand.........................................................................................................................7 2.Theoretische Einbettung....................................................................................................................9 2.1.Postkoloniale feministisch Theorie............................................................................................9 2.1.1.Intersektionalität und Dekonstruktion der Kategorie „Frau“...........................................13 2.1.2.Repräsentation, Subalternität, Othering...........................................................................15 2.1.3.Widerständige Strategien ................................................................................................18 2.2.Sex, Sexarbeit, Kolonialismus.................................................................................................20 3.Spannungsfeld Sexarbeit.................................................................................................................25 3.1.Feministisch-Wissenschaftliche Debatten zu Sexarbeit..........................................................25 3.1.1.Oppression paradigm.......................................................................................................25 3.1.2.Empowerment paradigm..................................................................................................26 3.1.3.Polymorphous paradigm..................................................................................................28 3.2.Staatlicher Umgang mit Sexarbeit...........................................................................................29 3.3.GAATW vs. CATW: Sexarbeit in UN-Dokumenten...............................................................31 4.Sexarbeit in globalen Zusammenhängen.........................................................................................34 4.1.Globalisierung, Migration, Sexarbeit.......................................................................................35 4.2.Globale Sexarbeiter_innenbewegung......................................................................................40 4.3.Organisationen und Netzwerke ...............................................................................................42 5.Rechtliche Regelung von Sexarbeit in Österreich...........................................................................44 5.1.Historische Kontextualisierung zu Sexarbeit in Österreich.....................................................44 5.2.Rechtliche Regelung von Sexarbeit auf Bundes- und Landesebene........................................47 5.2.1.Bundesgesetzliche Regelung ...........................................................................................47 5.2.2.Landesgesetzliche Regelung ...........................................................................................51 5.3.Regelung von Sexarbeit in Wien.............................................................................................52 5.3.1.Novellierungsprozess des Wiener Prostituionsgesetzes 2011..........................................52 6.Empirischer Forschungsteil.............................................................................................................55 6.1.Methodische Herangehensweise..............................................................................................55 6.1.1.Expert_innen-Interview...................................................................................................55 i 6.1.2.Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring.........................................................................56 6.2.Ablauf des durchgeführten qualitativen Forschungsprozesses................................................59 6.2.1.Festlegung des Datenmaterials.........................................................................................59 6.2.2.Durchführung und Transkription der Expert_innen-Interviews.......................................61 6.2.3.Anwendung und Einsatz der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse.................................................63 6.3.Überblick Kategorien...............................................................................................................63 6.3.1.Begrifflicher Umgang mit Sexarbeit................................................................................65 6.3.2.Kategorie: Migration, Sichtbarkeit, Partizipation............................................................69 6.3.3.Aushandlungsprozesse im öffentlichen Raum.................................................................74 6.3.4.Bündnisse und Allianzen..................................................................................................79 6.3.4.1.Bündnisse zwischen politischen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteur_innen............87 6.3.5.Forderungen, Protest und Alternativen............................................................................90 7.Conclusio.........................................................................................................................................97 8.Literaturverzeichnis.......................................................................................................................101 9.Abstract..........................................................................................................................................117 9.1.Deutsche Version....................................................................................................................117 9.2.Englische Version...................................................................................................................118 10.Lebenslauf....................................................................................................................................119 ii Danksagung: An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich bei all den Menschen bedanken, die in den letzten Monate für mich da waren und mich im Entstehungsprozesses der vorliegenden Arbeit begleitet haben. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinen Eltern Lucia und Werner, die mich auf alle erdenkliche Weise während des Diplomarbeitsschreibens und während der gesamten Zeit meines Studiums unterstützt haben. Meiner Schwester Anja möchte ich an dieser Stelle für das detaillierte Korrekturlesen meiner Arbeit und für ihr konstruktives und bestärkendes Feedback danken sowie für ihre Unterstützung, auf die ich mich immer verlassen kann. Isabel, Anna, Doménica, Fini und Lisi aus meiner Diplomarbeitsschreibgruppe danke ich für Ideen, Motivation, gegenseitigen Austausch und das geteilte Leid rund um die Uhr über „es“ reden zu müssen. Mein besonderer Dank gilt dabei Fini und Lisi für die intensive Arbeitszeit auf Susak und für die vielen Stunden des gemeinsamen Arbeitens, die dem Diplomarbeitsschreiben eine neue Bedeutung gegeben haben. Mahsa möchte ich dafür danken, dass sie mich immer wieder aufs Neue bestärkt hat weiterzuschreiben und mir mit Rat und Tat zur Seite gestanden ist. Beni danke ich für seine Aufmunterungen bei Zweifel und Sorgen sowie wie für die gemeinsam verbrachte Zeit, in der ich von der Diplomarbeit Abstand gewinnen konnte. Auch meiner Diplomarbeitsbetreuerin Univ. Prof. Hanna Hacker danke ich für ihr konstruktives Feedback, ihre kritischen Anmerkungen und ihre Betreuung, die mich sehr im Entstehungsprozesses dieser Arbeit unterstützt haben. Ebenso möchte ich auf diesem Weg bei meinen Interviewpartnerinnen Birgit Hebein und Sophia Shivarova bedanken. Durch ihr Vertrauen, ihre Zeit und ihre Expertise konnte ich spannende Einblicke für die vorliegende Arbeit gewinnen konnte. Mein Dank gilt auch den Mitarbeiter_innen von LEFÖ, die seit Jahren engagierte und wichtige Arbeit leisten und mich inspiriert haben mich auf wissenschaftlicher Ebene mit Sexarbeit auseinanderzusetzen. iii 1. Einleitung [W]e do not need more research imposed by people who believe they know best how other people ought to live and who have already taken a moralistic position before research begun. (…) On the contrary, we need a lot of research undertaken by people who are very close to sex workers' lives, or who are sex workers themselves, but who will above all commit themselves to recording honestly all the different and conflicting points of view and stories they run into during research.“ (Agustín 2010: 26) Seit dem Beginn meiner Beschäftigung mit dem Thema Sexarbeit und dem neuen Wiener Prostitutionsgesetz vor über einem Jahr haben die Debatten rund um Sexarbeit rasant zugenommen. Auslöser stellt dabei nicht nur die Novellierung des
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