DOCSLIB.ORG

DIVERSITY and UTILIZATION of Dioscorea Spp. TUBER AS ALTERNATIVE FOOD SOURCE in NGANJUK REGENCY, EAST JAVA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DIVERSITY and UTILIZATION of Dioscorea Spp. TUBER AS ALTERNATIVE FOOD SOURCE in NGANJUK REGENCY, EAST JAVA 97 AGRIVITA VOLUME 37 No. 2 JUNE - 2015 ISSN : 0126 - 0537 DIVERSITY AND UTILIZATION OF Dioscorea spp. TUBER AS ALTERNATIVE FOOD SOURCE IN NGANJUK REGENCY, EAST JAVA Trimanto*) and Lia Hapsari Purwodadi Botanic Garden – Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Surabaya - Malang Km 65 Purwodadi Pasuruan 67163 East Java Indonesia *) Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 29, 2014/ Accepted: May 14, 2015 ABSTRACT 2008). Dioscorea plants produce edible tubers, bulbils, corms or rhizomes (Islam et al., 2011). Wild Dioscorea spp. is local tuberous food crop that has edible Dioscorea tuber contents are good source potential as alternative food source to support food of protein, lipid, crude fibre, starch, vitamins security program in Indonesia. Exploration study (especially vitamin A and C) and minerals and collecting mission subjected to Dioscorea spp. (calcium, iron, phophorus, I.). In addition to have been conducted in Nganjuk Regency. The essential dietary nutrients, Dioscorea tuber also study was aimed to 1) determine the distribution of contains of antinutritional substances like total free Dioscorea spp. in Nganjuk, 2) to characterize phenolics, tannins, hydrogen cyanide, total tuber’s morphological characteristic, and 3) to oxalate, amylase and trypsin inhibitor but it can be know how tuber’s utilization by local peoples. The inactivated and eliminated by moist heat treatment results showed that there were 4 species of and soaking followed by cooking before Dioscorea found in Nganjuk. They are Dioscorea consumption (Shajeela et al., 2011). Some level of alata L, Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill, steroid saponins and also sapogenins, such as Dioscorea hispida Dennst and Dioscorea bulbifera diosgenin are also indicated in Dioscorea tubers, L. Dioscorea alata (uwi) is the most cultivated by which is the starting material for synthesis of many farmers in Nganjuk. It has the largest cultivar steroidal hormones used as anti-inflammatory, numbers which consists of 11 cultivars. Dioscorea androgenic estrogenic and contraceptive drugs esculenta (gembili) consists of 3 cultivars and (Dutta, 2015). Dioscorea hispida (gadung) consists of 4 cultivars, Dioscorea tuber has been known and whereas Dioscorea bulbifera (uwi gantung) utilized by Indonesian people as a source of consists only 1 cultivar in one location. Farmers carbohydrates as substitute or alternative food of and local peoples play important role in rice or sago at dry season, especially in Maluku, conservation of Dioscorea in Nganjuk region by Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi and Java (Sulistiyono and cultivating and utilizing it as alternative food source Marpaung, 2004). Dioscorea is an important food for home consumption. source especially in rural communities. Traditionally, yam is a minor tuber crop with a low Keywords: Dioscorea, diversity, food source, priority commodity. Dioscorea is easily Nganjuk, utilization propagated by their tubers (Wilson, 1989) and it thrives well in marginal areas where the major INTRODUCTION crops cannot be successfully grown (Legaspi and Malab, 2013); so that it plays a crucial role for food Dioscorea genus is tuberous plant which security. The most advantageous factor from this consists of approximately 600 species; of which crop is that it can be cultivated even by the side of there are about 50-60 species have been the roads, homestead gardens, houses and in the cultivated and utilized as food and medicinal plants forest, etc. with less consideration to cultivation (Coursey, 1976). Dioscorea spp. is distributed in practices (Islam et al. 2011). the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of Characterization data of Dioscorea spp. the world especially in West Africa, parts of both morphology and genetics is still very limited. Central America and the Caribbean, the Pacific Distribution of genotypes and their characteristics Islands and Southeast Asia (Maneenoon et al., are not well documented, which constraints the Accredited SK No.: 81/DIKTI/Kep/2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.17503/Agrivita-2015-37-2-p097-107 98 Trimanto and Lia Hapsari: Diversity and Utilization of Dioscorea spp. Tuber ……………………………….………………. efficient conservation of these genetic resources cultivated and utilized by farmers in Nganjuk thereby limiting their use in breeding programmes region for alternative food sources viz. Dioscorea (Norman et al., 2011). Proper characterization spp., Xanthosoma spp., and Colocasia spp.. and evaluation of germplasms provides reliable Exploration study subjected to Dioscorea information data (along with passport data) that spp. has been conducted in Nganjuk Regency give indication of the range of diversity in the and the tubers were then collected to be ex-situ collections, and is of considerable help to the conserved in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. The breeders to narrow the selection of potential study was aimed to 1) determine the distribution breeding stocks (Thomas and Mathur, 1991). of Dioscorea spp. in Nganjuk, 2) to characterize Such basic data are needed to be used to its tuber morphological characteristic, and 3) to determine the potential cultivars of Dioscorea know how its utilization by local peoples. tubers for further improvement programme Diversity study including distribution, agricultural In East Java - Indonesia, there are at least practices also utilization of Dioscorea in Nganjuk 35 cultivars of Dioscorea alata inventarized by may provides database for conservation and Solikin (2009) but the availability of complete further breeding program. characterization data is very shallow. Systematic work on identification of species should be MATERIALS AND METHODS conducted on Dioscorea spp. including local knowledge study regarding its utilization of crop Exploration Method to document its economic values. Every ethnic Dioscorea exploration study was group also has their own cultural practices conducted in Nganjuk Regency, East Java regarding to Dioscorea spp. cultivation. Some of Province in July 2011 with areas covered by different ethnic groups’ case study in Bangladesh some random sampling districts through direct cultivate Dioscorea spp. under hill and forests survey and observation. Information regarding shade and still have a good harvest (Islam et al., Dioscorea production were obtained from local 1997). The information about the various usages people and traders in the local markets (Figure 1). of the Dioscorea species as well as the sustainable The diversity of Dioscorea found on the sites use of this particular group of plants will be useful were noted, inventarized, and documented. Soil for future research on pharmaceutical plants, and depth of tuber at harvest time were recorded and the selection and propagation of some species of categorized to A (0-5 cm), B (5-25 cm) and C (> Dioscorea as crop plants (Mannenoon et al., 45 cm). Site and habitat informations were 2008). recorded including its latitude-longitude, habitat Nganjuk Regency is a part of East Java type, soil pH, temperature and air humidity. Province, located between 7.21°-7.50° South Information related ethnobotany of Dioscorea Latitude and 111.45°-112.131° East Longitude. It including utilization and cultivation practices were has an area of 1182.64 km2 divided into 20 taken by using open-ended interviews to local districts; bordered by Bojonegoro at the north, farmers. Jombang at the east, Kediri and Ponorogo at the southern, and Madiun at the west. Its area is Tuber Characterization Method covered by the lower mainland and the Materials observed in this study were mountains. Based on Schmidt and Ferguson, the Dioscorea spp. tubers found exploratively in climate division of Nganjuk is categorized as D- Nganjuk Regency. Characterization of the type climate since it is characterized by wet to Dioscorea spp. tubers were conducted in medium precipitation with hot temperatures. The Purwodadi Botanic Garden using ‘Descriptors for soil types are varied from alluvial, regosol, Yam (Dioscorea spp.)’ as published by andosols, latosols, and grumusol. Generally, the IPGRI/IITA (1997) and documentation of soil conditions are quite productive for various accessions were taken by digital camera. Tuber types of plants due to the support of the presence characteristics observed includes weight (kg), of Widas river and Brantas river that irrigate the shape, skin surface and flesh color. Organoleptic areas so that suitable for both food crops and tests were conducted to steamed tubers with plantation (Jatimprov, 2015). According to open- variables oberserved including flesh texture, flesh ended information, some tuber crops are still tenderness and taste. 99 Trimanto and Lia Hapsari: Diversity and Utilization of Dioscorea spp. Tuber ……………………………….………………. Figure 1. Site exploration map and distribution of Dioscorea spp. in Nganjuk Regency (Google Earth 2003) Note: TM1-28 = accession code, see Table 1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS and utilized Dioscorea tubers for home consumption and some of Dioscorea tubers are for The results showed that it was 4 species of traded in local markets (Table 1). Dioscorea found and cultivated by farmers in Dioscorea alata cultivars were widely Nganjuk regions including. Dioscorea alata L., cultivated and distributed by farmers than other Dioscorea esculenta (Lour) Burkill., Dioscorea Dioscorea species. It was found in 22 locations hispida Dennst., and Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Table consist of 13 cultivars (Table 1). Economic value 1). Dioscorea alata (local name: uwi) has the most of Dioscorea alata is moderate so that
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dioscorea Hispida, Alkaloid, Dioscorine, Agriculture Mechanization, Automation Technology
    Frontiers in Science 2011; 1(1): 16-20 DOI: 10.5923/j.fs.20110101.03 Development of Automatic Alkaloid Removal System for Dioscorea hispida Hudzari R. M.1,*, Ssomad M. A. H. A.1, Rizuwan Y. M.1, Asimi M. N. N.2, Abdullah A. B. C3 1Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology 2Faculty of Innovative Design and Technology 3Faculty of Food Technology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 21300, Gong Badak, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia Abstract Dioscorea hispida (D.hispida) is a poisonous plant which their tuber contains toxic poison and can be con- sumed after the poison or dioscorine is removed. The tubers were peeled, sliced and soaked in flowing water (river) up to 7 days during traditionally detoxified process. Due to the traditional processing methods for removal of dioscorine is difficult to practice, we develop two types of equipment (wavy and spin) based on their water circulation operations. This project consisted the stages of design, fabricate and testing for the development of stand alone dioscorine removal equipment. Sur- vival of Cyprinus carpio fish in slicing tuber of D.hispida extraction was used as a tool for detection of dioscorine removal. Results indicate that water circulation of spin operation was more effective compared to wavy type based on their capabil- ity of increasing pH activity and survival of fish as in D.hispida tuber during 6 hours of detoxified process. Therefore, this unique equipment can reduce the preparation time and also handling process of detoxified D.hispida thus making it to be more hygienic as compared to the traditional method in which river is used as a medium for dioscorine removal.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of the Genus Dioscorea In
    DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION • The genus Dioscorea is one of the largest groups among OF THE GENUS DIOSCOREA IN monocotyledons belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae. • The members are commonly known as yams and are widely WESTERN GHATS cultivated for its edible tubers throughout tropics and occupies 3rd most important food crops in the world, next to cereals and pulses. • The word yams comes from Portuguese or Spanish name as “Inhame” which means “to eat”. Elsamma Joseph (Arackal) • The genus is distributed mainly in three centers of diversity A.G. Pandurangan & S. Ganeshan namely South Africa, South East Asia and Latin America. • The genus Dioscorea represents 850 spp. (Mabberley, 1997) and in India reported the occurrence of 32 spp. (Prain and Burkill, 1936, 1939) of which 17 are distributed in W. Ghats. • The genus shows close affinity towards dicotyledons by the presence of petiolate compound leaves, non sheathing leaf base, reticulate venation etc. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala REASONS FOR UNDERTAKING THE REASONS FOR UNDERTAKING THE STUDY STUDY…….contd • The taxonomy of quite a few species in this genus is considered • Many of the Dioscorea species serve as a “life saving” plant to be very problematic ( Prain and Burkill, 1936, 1939; Velayudan, group to marginal farmers and forest dwelling communities 1998) due to their continuous variability of morphological during the period of food scarcity (Arora and Anjula pandey, characters especially in aerial parts such as leaves and bulbils. 1996) This makes it difficult for taxonomists to segregate distinctly the various taxa of the genus. • Most of the tubers are edible and few are also used as medicinal.
    [Show full text]
  • Micronesica 38(1):93–120, 2005
    Micronesica 38(1):93–120, 2005 Archaeological Evidence of a Prehistoric Farming Technique on Guam DARLENE R. MOORE Micronesian Archaeological Research Services P.O. Box 22303, GMF, Guam, 96921 Abstract—On Guam, few archaeological sites with possible agricultural features have been described and little is known about prehistoric culti- vation practices. New information about possible upland planting techniques during the Latte Phase (c. A.D. 1000–1521) of Guam’s Prehistoric Period, which began c. 3,500 years ago, is presented here. Site M201, located in the Manenggon Hills area of Guam’s interior, con- tained three pit features, two that yielded large pieces of coconut shell, bits of introduced calcareous rock, and several large thorns from the roots of yam (Dioscorea) plants. A sample of the coconut shell recovered from one of the pits yielded a calibrated (2 sigma) radiocarbon date with a range of A.D. 986–1210, indicating that the pits were dug during the early Latte Phase. Archaeological evidence and historic literature relat- ing to planting, harvesting, and cooking of roots and tubers on Guam suggest that some of the planting methods used in historic to recent times had been used at Site M201 near the beginning of the Latte Phase, about 1000 years ago. I argue that Site M201 was situated within an inland root/tuber agricultural zone. Introduction The completion of numerous archaeological projects on Guam in recent years has greatly increased our knowledge of the number and types of prehis- toric sites, yet few of these can be considered agricultural. Descriptions of agricultural terraces, planting pits, irrigation canals, or other agricultural earth works are generally absent from archaeological site reports, although it has been proposed that some of the piled rock alignments in northern Guam could be field boundaries (Liston 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Lilioceris Egena Air Potato Biocontrol Environmental Assessment
    United States Department of Field Release of the Beetle Agriculture Lilioceris egena (Coleoptera: Marketing and Regulatory Chrysomelidae) for Classical Programs Biological Control of Air Potato, Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae), in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment, February 2021 Field Release of the Beetle Lilioceris egena (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for Classical Biological Control of Air Potato, Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae), in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment, February 2021 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form.
    [Show full text]
  • Yam Physic-Chemical Parameters Assessment and Its Bread Sensory Attributes for Corporate Agribusiness Boosting
    Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Engineering Research Article Open Access Yam physic-chemical parameters assessment and its bread sensory attributes for corporate agribusiness boosting Abstract Volume 8 Issue 6 - 2018 A research work entitled: “Yam physico-chemical parameters assessment and its bread Francis Dominicus Nzabuheraheza, Anathalie sensory attributes.” was carried out in the laboratory of INES-Ruhengeri for adding value to local yam called Dioscorea spp. The main objective was to assess physico-chemical Niyigena Nyiramugwera, Tombola M Gustave Department of Biotechnologies, Rwanda parameters of fresh yam tubers and sensory attributes of produced bread from yam fermented flour. A sample size of 10kg of eachDioscorea variety as fresh crude yam tubers Correspondence: Francis Dominicus Nzabuheraheza, was brought from Musanze market to INES laboratory for chemical analysis, fermentation Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Applied Fundamental and bread processing. Physico-chemical parameters analyzed in fresh crude yam tubers Sciences (FAFS), Higher Institute of Education, Rwanda, included moisture content, pH, nutrient content and sensory evaluation of yam bread. The Email results showed that fresh crude yam tubers moisture content ranged from 75 to 77%. This moisture content is favoring yam tubers spoilage and there is a need to process fresh yams Received: March 16, 2018 | Published: November 23, 2018 into bread for adding value. The yielded fermented yam flour ranged from 18 to 20% from crude yam tubers. The dried and fermented yam flour moisture content was around 13% and met the standards, while pH was around neutral (from 6.66 to 6.72) leading to tubers deterioration. The flour had a dark-brown color from enzymatic browning occurring during fermentation process.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Guide to Identifying Yams CROPS
    CROPS IRETA Publication 1/88 A Practical Guide to Identifying Yams The Main Species of Dioscorea in the Pacific Islands AUTHOR: Jill E. Wilson, Senior Fellow, USP Institute for Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture. Assisted by Linda S. Hamilton, Project Manager, South Pacific Region Agricultural Development Project. All or part of this publication may be reproduced for educational purposes. When doing so, please credit the USP Institute for Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture (IRETA). Published February 1988, by the Institute for Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture with financial assistance from the US Agency for International Development, SPRAD Project. IRETA Publications USP Alafua Campus P.O. Private Bag Apia, WESTERN SAMOA 28/88-1.5M Here is a simple guide to identifying the species of cultivated yams (Dioscorea) commonly found in the Pacific Islands. To use this guide in the field, look first at the way the yam stem twines as it climbs up its support. Then follow the guide, using other characteristics such as presence or absence of spines, aerial tubers, etc., to identify the species. Check your decision by reading the descriptive notes given for each species at the end of the guide. Stems Climb to the Right * Stem at BASE of plant usually winged but in * Stems at TOP of plant round some cultivars has few D. alata or with more than 4 ridges. spines and no wings. * Aerial tubers (bulbils) in some cultivars. * Many spines at stem BASE. * Long lateral branches. * Short tuber dormancy Stems climb to the (usually shorter than D. nummularia RIGHT.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Migrants to Madagascar and Their Introduction of Plants : Linguistic and Ethnological Evidence Philippe Beaujard
    The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants : linguistic and ethnological evidence Philippe Beaujard To cite this version: Philippe Beaujard. The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants : linguistic and ethnological evidence. Azania : The journal of the British Institute of History and Archaeology in East Africa, Routledge (imprimé) / Taylor & Francis Online (en ligne), 2011, 46 (2), pp.169-189. halshs-00706173 HAL Id: halshs-00706173 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173 Submitted on 9 Jun 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. This article was downloaded by: [Beaujard, Philippe] On: 20 June 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 938797940] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t902477532
    [Show full text]
  • Dioscorea Hispida in Tripura
    Pleione 3(2): 224 - 226. 2009. © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Dioscorea hispida Dennstedt (Dioscoreaceae) - a new recorded for Tripura, India Koushik Majumdar, Bhaskar Saikia1 and B K Datta Plant Taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar - 799130, Tripura (W), India 1 Higher Plant Diversity Division, Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills-791112, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India Abstract Dioscorea hispida Dennsted, (Dioscoreaceae), is recorded growing in the forest floor in Tripura for the first time. Its poisonous yam is medicinally important. Habitat loss is probably the main reason for its rarity. Key words: Dioscorea hispida Dennsted (Dioscoreaceae), New Record, Tripura. INTRODUCTION Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a monocotyledonous crop genus with its root-stock has high nutritional value and was probably the main source of sustenance for the tribal people in many parts of tropics. It is represented by over 600 species and is widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions, especially in tropical America (Caddick et al 2002; Seikh et al 2009). Several species are widely cultivated including D. alata, D. esculenta, D. japonica and D. polystachya), while other wild species are valuable famine foods since the time immemorial. Some other species are sources of drugs both in traditional and Western medicine systems (Ting Chih-tsun et al 1985). Asia, South America and West Africa are the major yam growing regions in the world (Ayensu & Coursey 1972). On the other hand, Dioscorea hispida is a neglected species due to the presence of a poisonous alkaloid dioscorine (Leete & Michelson 1989; Banaag et al 1997), which is a paralysant of the nervous system but not a protoplasmic poison.
    [Show full text]
  • Dioscorea Hispida Dennst) Tuber Flour
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Chemistry 14 ( 2015 ) 47 – 55 2nd Humboldt Kolleg in conjunction with International Conference on Natural Sciences, HK-ICONS 2014 Microwave Assisted Extraction of Dioscorin from Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) Tuber Flour Andri Cahyo Kumoroa,b*, Indah Hartatic aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, bCentre for Natural Medicine Research Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto, SH Semarang 50275 Indonesia cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Wahid Hasyim University, Jl. Menoreh Tengah X/22 Sampangan Semarang 50236, Indonesia Abstract Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) tuber contains dioscorin, an alkaloid with high angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory capacity. In this research, dioscorin was extracted using microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of ethanol concentration (75 % to 96 % w/w), solvent-material ratio (10 : 1 to 20 : 1) and microwave power (100 W to 400 W) on the extraction yield, and to develop a mathematic model to represent that process. The optimum condition for this process was extraction using 85 % aqueous ethanol at solvent-material ratio of 12.5 : 1, and microwave power of 100 W for 20 min. The mathematic model agreed well with the experimental data with average error of 2.96 %. ©© 2015 2015 The A.C Authors.. Kumoro, Published I. Hartati. by Elsevier Published B.V. byThis Elsevier is an open B.V. access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotany and Distribution of Wild Edible Tubers in Pulau Redang and Nearby Islands of Terengganu, Malaysia M
    World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering Vol:5, No:12, 2011 Ethnobotany and Distribution of Wild Edible Tubers in Pulau Redang and Nearby Islands of Terengganu, Malaysia M. Nashriyah, M. Y. Nur Athiqah, H. Syahril Amin, N. Norhayati, A. W. Mohamad Azhar, M. Khairil Abstract—An ethnobotanical study was conducted to document 95% of the world population. From the study by [6], they local knowledge and potentials of wild edible tubers that has been found that 23 indigenous yam types belonging to at least four reported and sighted and to investigate and record their distribution in Dioscorea species in Southeast Ethiopia, where this shows Pulau Redang and nearby islands of Terengganu, Malaysia. that yam is widely distributed in Ethiopia. Wild edible tuber Information was gathered from 42 villagers by using semi-structured species are an important source of food in India and have a questionnaire. These respondents were selected randomly and no significant place in the dietary habits of small and marginal appointment was made prior to the visits. For distribution, the locations of wild edible tubers were recorded by using the Global farm families and forest-dwelling communities during periods Positioning System (GPS). The wild edible tubers recorded were ubi of food scarcity [7]-[ 8]. Although yam contributes a lot in gadung, ubi toyo, ubi kasu, ubi jaga, ubi seratus and ubi kertas. economy and culture in some parts of the world, its Dioscorea or commonly known as yam is reported to be one of the distribution especially in Malaysia has not been studied in major food sources worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Food Plants of Remote Oceania
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae Journal homepage: pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp INVITED REVIEW Received: 2012.09.01 Accepted: 2012.10.12 Published electronically: 2012.11.22 Acta Soc Bot Pol 81(4):371–380 DOI: 10.5586/asbp.2012.034 Wild food plants of Remote Oceania Will C. McClatchey* Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA Department of Botany, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822, USA Environmental Studies Program, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA Abstract Agricultural societies partly depend upon wild foods. Relationships between an agricultural society and its wild foods can be explored by examining how the society responds through colonization of new lands that have not been previously inhabited. The oldest clear example of this phenomenon took place about 5000 years ago in the tropical Western Pacific at the “boundary” interface between Near and Remote Oceania. An inventory of wild and domesticated food plants used by people living along “the remote side of” that interface has been prepared from the literature. This was then assessed for the roles of plants at the time of original colonization of Remote Oceania. The majority of species are wild foods, and most of these are used as leafy vegetables and fruits. The wild food plants mostly serve as supplements to domesticated species, although there are a few that can be used as substitutes for traditional staples. Keywords: Oceania, wild food plants, colonization, agriculture Introduction implication is that humans brought wild plant materials to their homes or processing sites, much as squirrels or fruit bats Human-plant co-evolutionary relationships have been might do, and then consumed less than all of the material col- documented for processes of wild plant food domestication lected, discarding material (seeds or other living parts) that into socially critical crops [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • (Dioscorea Esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) BASED on MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
    RESEARCH ARTICLE % SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 49 (1) 1-8, 2017 VARIABILITY AND INTRASPESIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS PURNOMO1, L.N. FAIZAH2 and B.S. DARYONO3 1Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2Graduate student of Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Email address of co-author: [email protected] SUMMARY Gembili species of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk. a climber plant producing tubers, belongs to Dioscoreaceae. This plant species has morphological variation on its vegetative organs (i.e. stems, leaves, and tubers). Thirty accessions of gembili were collected from Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Celebes (Sulawesi) of Indonesia. Tuber samples were collected using survey methods and cultivated as a living collection. Based on IPGRI plant descriptors for Dioscorea tubers, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits were scored and analyzed using UPGMA method. The results show that the level of diversity of gembili is quite high, ranging from 0.64-1.00 similarity values. Those accessions were divided into 2 groups: the first cultivar group has dense thorns on roots, oblong to cylindrical tuber shapes with white to yellowish-white tuber flesh. Those characters are similar to D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk. var. spinosa (Lour.) Burk. whereas the second group showed rare thorn roots, irregular tuber shapes, and violet tuber flesh color, and the characters are similar to D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk. var. fasciculata (Lour.) Burk.
    [Show full text]