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Vision and Strategies of Public Transportation in ASEAN Megacities

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Vision and Strategies of Public Transportation in ASEAN Megacities Vision and Strategies of Public Transportation in ASEAN Megacities in Transportation of Public and Strategies Vision Changhwan MO is the Director of and Sangjun PARK KWON, Young-in MO, Changhwan or ASEAN megacities, the creation of a the Division for Transport Administration & Fspecial account for public transportation Legislation at the Korea Transport Institute. based on fuel taxes is essential to construct Previously, he was a guest researcher at the and operate public transport systems properly Division of Transport Studies of LTH in Lund Vision and Strategies of for the welfare of citizens as a stable financing University in Sweden. He is the author or mechanism. Without it, it is almost impossible to coauthor of articles and books in the area of Public Transportation provide adequate public transit services for those transport policy (transport welfare, public megacities. transport, and transport regulation), regional ow carbon and green growth are key issues facing urban development (cross-border MCR), budgeting, in ASEAN Megacities Both PPP and value capture can be used together performance and globalization. He received a L development today and the growing number of private for funding a public transit project. Ph.D. in public administration from Rutgers vehicles in parallel with economic growth in the ASEAN region University at Newark Campus, an M.A. degree is of critical problem in terms of environmental sustainability. A leading public transit organization in the Changhwan MO, central government is necessary to resolve in public administration from Florida State This project addresses urban transport issues with an objective to Young-in KWON, and Sangjun PARK conflicts among various stakeholders in University and a B.A. in business administration promote public transport in the urban areas of ASEAN countries by from Sogang University. addressing complicated transport issues. A directly nding the problems of urban public transport in ASEAN central think tank for comprehensive transport cities, consulting ASEAN transport of cials about the sustainable research is also required to logically and Young-in KWON is Senior Research Fellow at International Cooperation and strategies of it at two workshops and with two published reports politically support public transport initiatives in Regional Studies, the Korea Transport Institute. in English, and transferring Korean experiences and technologies ASEAN countries. He received a B.A. and M.A. majoring in of public transport to ASEAN countries so that they can build up a A car-oriented transport policy cannot solve Civil Engineering at Hanyang University in human-oriented and sustainable transport system. Seoul. He studied transportation planning at the urban transport problems at all in ASEAN the Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo megacities. To solve the problems, these Institute of Technology in Japan from1994 megacities should implement human-oriented to 1997. He was a visiting researcher at the transport policies, such as sustainable and Transportation Research Group of the University pedestrian policies, transit-oriented development, of Southampton in the UK in 2008, and the and integration of public transit. Institution for Transport Policy Studies (ITPS) of The vision that this study sets up is to build a Japan in 2009. human-oriented transport system for low carbon and green growth. To achieve the vision, the goal Sangjun PARK is a Research Fellow at is to strengthen the public transport systems in the Korea Transport Institute. He is the author ASEAN megacities. According to the goal, this or coauthor of several articles and books in the study aims to propose strategies to realize the area of sustainable transport (transport costs, vision in reality. GHG abatement, climate change) and transport economics (discrete choice model, transport This study focuses on implementation strategies accounts). He received a Ph.D. in environmental for improving public transit in ASEAN planning from Seoul National University. megacities and is not going to repeat proposing another master plan for public transit systems. ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST Instead, it attempts to suggest transport nancing ASIAN NATIONS mechanisms, transport organizations, legal ASSOCIATION systems, and capacity-building issues to ASEAN B^c^hignd[;dgZ\^c6[[V^gh OF SOUTHEAST B^c^hignd[;dgZ\^c6[[V^gh GZejWa^Xd[@dgZV ASIAN NATIONS GZejWa^Xd[@dgZV countries for implementing public transit plans. 최종_ASEAN 2권_표지_대지.indd 1 2014.11.24 10:14:57 PM Vision and Strategies of Public Transport in ASEAN Megacities 2최종_전체_ASEAN Megacities_2.indd 1 2014.11.24 11:21:2 PM The Korea Transport Institute (KOTI) KOTI is an official research agency for the government of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and a leading think tank for Korea’s transport policies. It has been committed to building a safe, convenient, efficient and environmentally sound transport system for the nation since 1987. It is a pioneer in providing new ideas and future perspectives about transport issues in Korea, while positioning itself as one of the world’s leading transport research institutions. Vision and Strategies of Public Transportation in ASEAN Megacities Changhwan MO, Young-in KWON, and Sangjun PARK ⓒ The Korea Transport Institute, 2014 All rights reserved. Manufactured in the Republic of Korea. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by any means, without written permission from The Korea Transport Institute. Published by The Korea Transport Institute 315, Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 411-701, Republic of Korea www.koti.re.kr Published in October 2014 ISBN 978-89-5503-666-4 93320 2최종_전체_ASEAN Megacities_2.indd 2 2014.11.24 11:21:2 PM Vision and Strategies of Public Transport in ASEAN Megacities Changhwan MO, Young In KWON, and Sang Jun PARK 2최종_전체_ASEAN Megacities_2.indd 3 2014.11.24 11:21:3 PM Contents List of Tables vi List of Figures viii Authors x Preface xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1. Research Methods 4 2. Goals 8 3. Contribution and Effects 9 Chapter 2 Problems 11 1. Common Problems of ASEAN Megacities 14 2. Policy Problems of ASEAN Megacities 21 3. Implementation Problems of ASEAN Megacities 28 References Chapter 3 Vision 35 1. Low Carbon and Green Growth 38 2. Human-Oriented Transport Systems 42 3. Direction of Strategies 44 References Chapter 4 Strategies 49 Overview of Strategies 50 1. Creation of a Special Account for Public Transportation 53 2. Utilization of Value Capture 59 iv 2최종_전체_ASEAN Megacities_2.indd 4 2014.11.24 11:21:3 PM 3. Utilization of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) 71 4. Improvement of Pedestrian Environment 85 5. Reform of Bus System 96 6. Two-Phased Development Strategy of Mass Transit: from BRT to MRT 109 7. Sustainable Policy for Low Carbon and Green Growth 120 8. Creation of a National Think Tank for Transportation 124 9. Creation of a Leading Public Transport Agency 128 10. Utilization of Technology for Public Transport 135 11. DB Construction for Public Transportation 138 12. Development of Urban Public Transport Planning Capability and Road Map 144 13. Utilization of Official Development Assistance (ODA) 151 14. Implementation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) 159 15. Integration for Public Transportation 163 16. Mobility Improvement for the Transportation Disadvantaged 167 17. Enacting Laws for the Promotion of Public Transport 179 18. Enacting an Act for Low Carbon and Green Growth in the Transport Sector 206 References Chapter 5 Conclusion 223 1. Summary 224 2. Public Transport Strategies for ASEAN Megacities 225 v 2최종_전체_ASEAN Megacities_2.indd 5 2014.11.24 11:21:3 PM List of Tables Table 1.1 List of participants at the first ASEAN-Korea public transport workshop in 2014 5 Table 1.2 List of participants at the Second ASEAN-Korea public transport workshop in 2014 8 Table 2.1 Type of urban transport problems in ASEAN countries 13 Table 2.2 Automobiles and motorcycles in Hanoi and Phnom Penh 15 Table 3.1 Vision and goal of transport systems in ASEAN countries 37 Table 3.2 GHG emissions in the transportation sector in Korea 41 Table 4.1 The special accounts for transport facilities by the distribution rate 57 Table 4.2 The current status of the expenditures of the special accounts for transport facilities during the recent five years 57 Table 4.3 Operation deficit of Seoul subways 60 Table 4.4 Value increase of Seoul Subway Line 9 in Korea 61 Table 4.5 Annual imposition and collection records of charges (including additional payments and refunds) 65 Table 4.6 Major transit infrastructure projects funded using value capture strategies in the USA 67 Table 4.7 Comparison of value capture methods 68 Table 4.8 Huge LRT PPT debts in Korea 80 Table 4.9 Combination of PPP and value capture 83 Table 4.10 Improvement of bus services 99 Table 4.11 City bus demand trends 100 Table 4.12 Trend of bus passengers transported before and after quasi-public bus system 105 Table 4.13 Trend of bus accidents in Seoul 106 Table 4.14 Comparison of city government subsidy before and after quasi-public bus system 106 Table 4.15 Types of BRT 113 vi 2최종_전체_ASEAN Megacities_2.indd 6 2014.11.24 11:21:3 PM Table 4.16 Current status of BRT in Korea 114 Table 4.17 Metropolitan BRT in Korea 115 Table 4.18 Functions of LTA 130 Table 4.19 Comparison of LTA and TfL 131 Table 4.20 KOICA projects in ASEAN countries 154 Table 4.21 Conditions of transport facilities and environment 170 Table 4.22 Regulations for entry into bus industry 185 Table 4.23 Number of vehicles by license standards for bus
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