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Dade County, Florida A CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT SURVEY OF THE RUDY & KEITH WAREHOUSE PROJECT AREA, MIAMI- DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA By: Joseph F. Mankowski, M.A., RPA ADVANCED ARCHAEOLOGY, INC. 1126 S. Federal Hwy. #263 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33316 Phone: 954-270-6624 FAX: 954-533-0265 Email: [email protected] Prepared for: FOUNDRY COMMERCIAL ACQUISITIONS, LLC. SEPTEMBER 2019 PROJECT #2019.79 AAI TECHNICAL REPORT #349 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ii LIST OF TABLES iii CONSULTANT SUMMARY 1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 3 CULTURAL SETTING 7 PREVIOUS RESEARCH 11 METHODOLOGY 16 RESULTS 19 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY 24 APPENDIX I. FMSF SURVEY LOG i LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. USGS map of the Rudy & Keith Warehouse project area. 2 Figure 2. 1962 aerial photograph of the Rudy & Keith Warehouse project area. 5 Figure 3. Photograph view west at the project area. 6 Figure 4. Photograph view north at the project area. 6 Figure 5. Aerial photograph (2018) of the Rudy & Keith Warehouse project area and shovel tests. 17 Figure 6. USGS map of the Rudy & Keith Warehouse project area and shovel tests. 18 Figure 7. Photograph view north at MPZ-1. 20 Figure 8. Photograph view north at MPZ-2. 20 Figure 9. Photograph view south at MPZ-3. 21 Figure 10. Photograph view north at MPZ-4. 21 Figure 11. Photograph view south at MPZ-5. 22 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources 12 Table 2. Previous Cultural Resource Investigations 13 iii CONSULTANT SUMMARY In August 2019, Advanced Archaeology, Inc. conducted a Cultural Resources Assessment Survey of the Rudy & Keith Warehouse project area for Foundry Commercial Acquisitions, LLC. The project area is located in Miami-Dade County, and is being proposed for the construction of warehouses. The objective of this investigation was to locate and assess any prehistoric or historic cultural resources that may be present within the project boundaries, and to determine the effects upon any potential resources found. This assessment was conducted to fulfill historic resource requirements as part of the review by the State of Florida’s Division of Historical Resources (DHR Project File No.: 2019-4520), in response to Chapters 267.061 and 373.414, Florida Statutes. This assessment also was conducted in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89- 665), as amended in 1992, and 36 C.F.R., Part 800: Protection of Historic Properties. The work and the report conform to the specifications set forth in Chapter 1A-46, Florida Administrative Code. The project area consists of two parcels (Folios: 27-2019-001-0080 and 27-2019-001-0560) located in the City of Hialeah Gardens, which lies in Section 19, Township 52 South and Range 40 East, as depicted on the USGS Pennsuco Quadrangle map (Figure 1). The project area is 7.68 hectares (19 acres) in size, it’s rectangular in shape, and is bounded by NW 107 Avenue on its east side, NW 109 Avenue on its west side, and private properties on its north and south sides. No structures occur on the project area. Investigations were accomplished by reviewing existing literature, maps, aerial photographs, and conducting fieldwork. A review with the Florida Master Site File (FMSF) indicated that no previously recorded cultural resources or cultural resource investigations have occurred on the project area. A pedestrian survey was conducted across the entire property, and a total of 23 shovel tests were excavated across the project area (Figures 5 & 6), at 100-meter intervals on two transects within a Low Probability Zone (LPZ) and judgmentally within five Moderate Probability Zones (MPZ 1- 5) that historically contained small hydric hammocks (Figure 2), but are currently cleared or used as tree/plant nurseries (Figures 7-11). All shovel tests were found to be negative for cultural material. Subsoils were generally found to be characterized as disturbed gray muck with inclusions of crushed limestone (0-20 cm), intact brown peat (20-40 cm), and limestone bedrock (40 cm). In conclusion, no prehistoric or historic cultural resources were found as a result of this Cultural Resources Assessment Survey. It is the consultant’s opinion, based on the available data that no sites regarded as being eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places occur within the project area. No further archaeological assessments are recommended. 1 2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT The project area consists of two parcels (Folios: 27-2019-001-0080 and 27-2019-001-0560) located in Miami-Dade County, within the City of Hialeah Gardens, which lies in Section 19, Township 52 South and Range 40 East, as depicted on the USGS Pennsuco Quadrangle map (Figure 1). The project area is 7.68 hectares (19 acres) in size, it’s rectangular in shape, and is bounded by NW 107 Avenue on its east side, NW 109 Avenue on its west side, and private properties on its north and south sides. No structures occur on the project area. PHYSICAL SETTING A 1962 aerial photograph (Figure 2) of the project area shows that the property was historically located within a sawgrass prairie with a scatter of small hydric hammocks. Currently, one-half of the project area is cleared and used as a storage and maintenance yard for trucks and containers, with the other areas used as a tree and plant nursery or overgrown with native and non-native vegetation consisting primarily of Cogon grasses (Figures 3 & 4). The geology of the general area is characterized by organic deposits of peats (“mucks”) of varying depths covering oolitic and calcitic limestone bedrocks and marls. The surfacial peats are organic depositions formed over the past several thousand years through a combination of plant processes and periodic dry-season fires. These deep peat formations and the extensive wetlands they encompass are what help define the Everglades as a unique geographic feature and determined the sorts of human activities/interaction taking place there in the last five thousand years. The project area is considered to lie in the eastern portion of the Everglades Trough, an immense drainage feature extending from Lake Okeechobee south to the Shark River/Florida Bay area in Southern Florida. Historically, the immediate area lay many miles to the west of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge and was a part of the “sawgrass” Everglades, an area little explored and seldom penetrated by historic settlers prior to the turn of the century. The dominant plant of the area is sawgrass (Cladium jamaiciensis), a grass or sedge whose blades are well armed with fine serrations. The Everglades contained many thousands of acres of this plant before drainage efforts were initiated by developers and public works around the turn of the century. The Everglades is not, as many believe, a monoculture of sawgrass but a fairly diverse community of other sedges and grasses such as beak rushes (Rhynchospora spp.), and succulent marsh plants such as arrowhead (Sagittaria spp.), pickerelweed (Pontederia lanceolata), and lizard’s tail (Saururus cernuus) as well as coastal plain willow (Salix caroliniana), buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and other plants whose presence and percentage in any given area is governed by periodic fires occurring in the dry season. This diverse plant community is found growing in shallow water varying in depth from a few inches to two or more feet in the wet season of the year (late summer/early fall). Certain animals such as the alligator play a major role in the disposal and shaping of plant communities by creating 3 depressional ponds that act as “oasises” for fishes, snakes, birds, and other wildlife during times of low water in the late spring of the year. The unique Everglades natural communities grow in a fine black silty “muck” (properly termed peat) that is the end product of at least five thousand years deposition of plant activity. There are several varieties of peat, whose composition is governed in great part by the prevalent plant associations that produce it and the type and percentage of clastic materials such as sand and limestone that may be present through geologic transport or coalescing. These peat deposits can range in depth from several inches to as much as twenty feet and form mantles over a bed of Pleistocene limestone caprock that in itself can be spalled, irregular, or solutioned depending on the erosional forces at work. The project area contains one soil type according to the USDA Soil Survey of Dade County Area, Florida (USDA 1996). This soil type is defined as follows: Dania muck, frequently ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes: The Dania series consists of shallow, very poorly drained, rapidly permeable soils in fresh water marshes or swamps on the fringes of areas of deeper organic soils. They formed in thin deposits of well decomposed, hydrophytic herbaceous plant remains over sandy marine sediments overlying limestone bedrock. Shovel testing within the project area found that the general stratigraphy of the subsoils was characterized as disturbed gray muck with inclusions of crushed limestone (0-20 cm), intact brown peat (20-40 cm), and limestone bedrock (40 cm). 4 5 6 CULTURAL SETTING The Glades area, which includes all of southern Florida, was originally defined as a distinctive cultural area by Stirling (1936). Goggin (1947) defined more specific boundaries for the area and identified three inclusive sub-areas: the “Calusa” in southwest Florida, the "Tekesta" in southeast Florida and the Florida Keys, and the “Okeechobee” around Lake Okeechobee. Goggin classified these sub-areas on the basis of his recognition of their distinctive natural environments, the different tribes in those regions during historic times, and differences in the archaeological record. Since Goggin's work, there have been several amendments to these definitions.
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