DOCSLIB.ORG

Methamphetamine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Methamphetamine Methamphetamine Sally Preston, D.M.D Assistant Professor University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine Director, Emergency Clinic aka meth, tina, crystal, crank, tweak, glass, ice Meth (Crank, Ice) Facts Methamphetamine—meth for short—is a white, bitter powder. Sometimes it's made into a white pill or a clear or white shiny rock (called a crystal). Meth powder can be eaten or snorted up the nose. It can also be mixed with liquid and injected into your body with a needle. Crystal meth is smoked in a small glass pipe. Meth lasts 6-24 hours and at first causes a rush of good feelings, but then users feel edgy, overly excited, angry, or afraid. Their thoughts and actions go really fast. They might feel too hot. rush of good feelings Causes release of dopamine, the ‘feel good’ neurotransmitter An orgasm releases the equivalent of 250 ‘units’ of dopamine From a dose of methamphetamine, 1250 ‘units’ of dopamine are released There is no natural event that mimics this level of dopamine release Dopamine depletion changes brain chemistry Experiences no longer give pleasure and leads to more desire for meth Dopamine deletion leads to depression Dopamine production may take years to recover and in one reason for difficulty in curbing addiction. Meth users also exhibit negative behaviors •Anxiety •Paranoia •Mood swings •Violent behavior •Depression •Irritability •Cognitive impairment Physical Effects with Meth •Dry skin/mouth •Skin lesions •Weight loss •Increased heart rate •Hypertension •Arryrhymias •Liver damage •Convulsions •Hyperthermia may lead to brain damage •Lowered resistance to illness Because meth is like a super Sudafed, it dries out the user's skin completely. Addicts begin to believe they are suffering from "Crystal Meth lice". This leads to frantic scratching of the face using fingernails or any other tool such as tweezers. ‘Picking’ can lead to serious self-inflicted wounds, especially in the face. Meth and Sex and Infectious Diseases • Increased libido, increased stamina and energy lowered sexual inhibitions • Sex with multiple partners, people they do not know, unprotected sex and sex with people who may have sexually transmitted diseases • Needles may be used which increases transmission of HIV, hepatitis C etc. • Meth users may have ‘rough’ and prolonged sexual experiences which may cause damage to anal or vaginal tissue and thus increase likelihood of infection • Chronic meth users may experience erectile dysfunction as a side effect. Viagra etc. may be used prolonging erections • HIV meth users are more likely to develop AIDS Meth and Erectile Dysfunction Drugs • Study from the San Francisco Department of Public Health (reported in Alpert JS, Viagra: The Risks of Recreation Use. Am J Med; 26 May 2005, 569-570.) indicates that MSM using Viagra 54% used Viagra in conjunction with other drugs to enhance sexual experience 23% used meth with Viagra History • Post WWII used to decrease fatigue called ‘work pills’ in Japan • 1960’s Amphetamine or “speed” became favorite among truckers, bikers and college students ‘Speed Kills’ • 1974 Drug Control Act curbed medicinal use • 1980’s a new variation of amphetamine…d- methamphetamine was developed • Production increased in the 1980’s due to the easy availability of ephedrine mostly from foreign sources CA • 1990’s due to regulations, ephedrine imports decreased. Pseudoephedrine replaced ephedrine and retail stores became source • Various regs, blister packs, behind counter have reduced availability of pseudoephedrine • Production moved to Mexico where ephedrine was still available when that changed…recipes changed etc. • Landscape is constantly changing and with it addiction rates Oral Manifestations of Chronic Meth Use Xerostomia Rampant caries Periodontal disease Bruxism/fractures Muscle Trismus Mouth Sores or Burns MY TEETH ARE: Blackened Stained Rotting Crumbling Falling apart Falling out Pattern of Caries of Meth Mouth •Buccal Smooth surfaces •Interproximal surfaces of anterior teeth •Cervical areas Contributing Factors .Xerostomia .Bruxism .Poor Oral Hygiene .Poor Nutrition .Caustic materials/heat http://www.methproject.org/answers/what-is- meth-mouth.html#.UkHhQxyqwR0.mailto Xerostomia Xerostomia .Meds: HIV, anti-HPT, anti-depressants, anti-histamines, etc. etc. .Parotid impairment i.e. trauma, ca, HIV .Radiation/Chemotherapy .Autoimmune diseases .Drug use i.e. cocaine, methamphetamine Xerostomia Vasoconstriction in salivary gland vasculature leads to decrease in flow Stimulation of inhibitory adrenoreceptors in salivary nuclei decreases flow Dehydration due to increased metabolism(heat) and physical activity Methamphetamine abuse and oral health: A pilot study of "meth mouth" Ravenel, Michele C. / Salinas, Carlos F. / Marlow, Nicole M. / Slate, Elizabeth H. / Evans, Zachary P. / Miller, Peter M. No significant difference in salivary flow rates were noted, yet results showed significant trends for lower pH and decreased buffering capacity. These findings suggest that salivary quality may play a more important role in meth mouth than previously considered. Salivary analysis may be useful when managing a dental patient with history of methamphetamine abuse. 28 subjects, meth users had higher caries rate missing teeth Periodontal Disease Reduced blood flow leads to: • Increased risk of infection • Slow healing • Xerostomia and poor nutrition and hygiene also contribute to poor periodontal health Bruxism/Clenching • Increased energy and neuromuscular activity • Parafunctional habits • Temporomandibular disorder symptoms • Muscle tenderness • Fractured teeth and wear patterns Poor Oral Hygiene An individual who is high on meth can go for days and days, just running on meth and pretty much nothing else. These day or even week long meth binges are called "tweeking" in the drug community. "Tweekers", as they are so called, will either ingest by mouth, snort, and smoke or inject meth repeatedly during these binges, and will typically forego eating and sleeping during this time. Once they finally do fall asleep, a tweeker will sleep for days only to wake up and do it all over again. Poor Diet • High intake of refined carbohydrates • Highly caloric carbonated beverages • Regurgitation or vomiting • Increased acidity of saliva in meth users Caustic Materials/Heat Ephedrine or Pseudoephedrine Acetone Alcohol Battery acid Benzene Anhydrous ammonia Camp stove fuel Ether Lithium from batteries Iodine Freon Drain cleaner Paint thinner Toluene Lye Red phosphorous Salt Muriatic acid ETC. Chemicals Used in “meth” Production • Acetone • Red phosphorous • Anhydrous ammonia • Muriatic acid • Sodium hypochlorite • Ether (starting fluid) (bleach) • Trichloroethane (gun • Sulfuric acid (drain cleaning fluid) cleaner) • Isopropyl alcohol • Heet and Iso-Heet • Sulfuric acid (battery (gasoline additives) acid) amphethamines.com/meth lab-terrorism Chemicals Used in “meth” Production • Coleman fuel • Hydrogen (white gas) peroxide • Sterno (ethanol, • Mineral spirits methanol & • Sodium amphoteric • Lithium (including acid) lithium batteries • Red Devil lye Meth mouth is one of the most visible consequences of Journal of the California Dental Association methamphetamine use. In (June 2013) “Meth Mouth Severity in Response to Drug-Use Patterns & Dental Access in this Methamphetamine Users” Vol 41, No. 6, pp study, we identified risk 421-428, R Brown et al. Retrieved from factors http://www.cda.org/Portals/0/journal/journal that influence the severity of _062013.pdf meth mouth. We found that an oral route 99 patients controlled for of use (smoking) is a stronger alcohol use users vs non users predictor of meth mouth severity than non-oral routes (intravenous or intranasal) and duration of use. How mouth sores are formed by meth use may include the following possible culprits: Chemical burn Caustic and Hot Cottonmouth Stimulants, including methamphetamine, deplete salivary secretions and raise body temperature to a much higher level than normal. Tissue damage Constriction of blood vessels in the mouth harms tissues initially, but after recurrent episodes, can cause tissues to die. Continuous friction between the tongue and Skinned raw the inside of the mouth Rampant Caries is not always meth mouth TAKING A THOROUGH Taking a thorough medical history and MEDICAL HISTORY AND ORAL AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION IS IMPERATIVE •Poverty •Medications •Poor dental IQ •Systemic Illness •Neglect •Abuse •Psychiatric Issues Xerostomia related caries “meth mouth” or not? Caries in the HIV patient Treatment Objectives •Improve nutrition •Reduce consumption of highly caloric beverages and refined carbohydrates •Improve oral hygiene •Decrease xerostomia and high acidity of saliva •Decrease bruxism STOP USING METH • Meth abusers who become abstinent experience a reduction in dopamine • Lowest point may be after several months • Dopamine levels may take a year or longer to fully return to baseline levels • Most substance abuse tx involves immediate intervention, but support services are important months/years after abstinence from meth use. Meth Mouth Emergency /Urgent Care Situations Patients ‘high’ on meth should not receive dental treatment for at least 6 hours after last administration of drug (Goodchild and Donaldson 2007) • Seek immediate medical attention • Monitor vital signs • Administer oxygen • Be prepared to administer CPR • Pt may be experiencing paranoia and the potential for violent behavior Local Anesthetics with vasoconstrictor Use with Care Hypertensive crisis Cardiac dysrhythmias Myocardial Infarction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Your Mouth on Meth
    Common Ingredients in Meth Manufacturing The com mon ingredients used in making methamp hetamine and listed below are very acidic: ■ Antifreeze ■ Battery acid ■ Drain cleaner ■ Hydrochloric acid ■ Lantern fuel ■ Lye ■ Muriatic acid ■ Paint thinner ■ Red phosphorus found in the strips on match boxes ■ Over-the-counter cold medicines that contain ephedrine Mix these together and you have some caustic stuff. Meth users can go from having healthy teeth and a sparkling smile to losing their teeth in a very short time period. For most, dentures D M are the only option. D , n e l l A These dangerous chemicals can also make you h t i feel like there are bugs under your skin, causing d u J you to scratch yourself to the point that you : o t o have bleeding sores on your face, arms and legs. h p Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians' Network Your Mouth on P O Box 60427 | Nashville, TN 37206 Phone: 615 226-2292 Meth [email protected] | www.nhchc.org One Big Problem What You Can Do What You Need to Know While methamphetamine is very damaging to ■ Do not use methamphetamine or other the body and brain, it also destroys teeth. An drugs. unhealthy, unattractive mouth makes it difficult ■ If you’re already using, call the agency Meth, Speed, Ice, Chalk, Crank, Fire, Glass and to feel good about your appearance, socialize below for help getting off drugs. Crysta l are street names for the drug and find a job. ■ Instead of drinking sodas, drink plenty of metha mphetamine.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Manifestations in Drug Users: a Review
    J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(2):e193-200. Oral manifestations in drug users Journal section: Oral Medicine and Pathology doi:10.4317/jced.55928 Publication Types: Review https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.55928 Oral manifestations in drug users: A review Federico Cossa 1, Alessia Piastra 2, Mª Gracia Sarrion-Pérez 3, Leticia Bagán 4 1 Student of the master of Implantology at the Universidad Europea de Valencia. Graduated in Dentistry at the Universidad Europea de Valencia 2 Student of the master of Endodontics at the University of Valencia. Graduated in Dentistry at the Universidad Europea de Valencia 3 PhD, Associate Professor. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Dentistry. European University of Valencia. Spain 4 PhD, Titular professor. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Dentistry. European University of Valencia. Spain Correspondence: Universidad Europea de Valencia Paseo Alameda, 7 46010 – Valencia, Spain [email protected] Cossa F, Piastra A, Sarrion-Pérez MG, Bagán L. Oral manifestations in drug users: A review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(2):e193-200. http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/volumenes/v12i2/jcedv12i2p193.pdf Received: 24/06/2019 Accepted: 08/01/2020 Article Number: 55928 http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/indice.htm © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - eISSN: 1989-5488 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Pubmed Pubmed Central® (PMC) Scopus DOI® System Abstract Background: In the dental environment there is not much talk about the oral manifestations resulting from the use of drugs, because in general the issue of drugs is a very difficult subject to deal with. Therefore, the objective of this work is to understand what are the most obvious manifestations in the oral cavity and as the dentist can detect them.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Can You Make Methamphetamine from Adderall
    dx icd 10 for hip fracture | bible bingo | comcast box hack | hack slot machines electronic devices | Home Can you make methamphetamine from adderall . Company Can you make methamphetamine from adderall Home How to Get Adderall Out of Your System. Avoiding Relapse: Tips For Taking Your Mind Baptist bylaws for Off Cravings. Center for Substance Abuse Research. (n.d.). Amphetamines. Retrieved black baptist from. The second reaction (below) is quite different. Phenylephrine contains two church different hydroxyl (OH) groups, as shown in the blue and green circles. But the How can you play hydroxyl group in the blue circle (called a phenolic group) is chemically unreactive. So minecraft when if you react phenylephrine with phosphorous and iodine it only the OH in the green school blocks it circle is affected. The product of this reaction is 3-(2-aminopropyl)phenol, (aka Brown discharge gepefrin), which is a mediocre blood pressure drug sold in Europe. It won't make you 24 weeks high. However, high amphetamine doses that are above the therapeutic range can pregnant interfere with working memory and other aspects of cognitive control. [10]. Their Dell recycling mechanisms of action vary, but each has a profound impact on memory, mood, and return label mental energy. Many of these substances are also popular herbal remedies for the Office 2010 on treatment of ADHD. Studies prove they can reduce the likelihood of developing sale neurodegenerative diseases as well. Caffeine is not an herb, but it deserves mention since it derives from herbal teas and coffee beans. Caffeine is a natural stimulant that improves brain power and energy levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Methamphetamine Abuse and “Meth Mouth” in Europe
    Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015 Mar 1;20 (2):e205-10. Meth Mouth in EU Journal section: Medically compromised patients in Dentistry doi:10.4317/medoral.20204 Publication Types: Review http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.20204 Methamphetamine abuse and “meth mouth” in Europe Carlo De-Carolis 1, Geraldine-A. Boyd 2, Luca Mancinelli 3, Stefano Pagano 1, Stefano Eramo 1 1 DDS. Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences-School of Dentistry- University of Perugia, Italy 2 Language Centre (CLA), University of Perugia, Italy 3 Geology Department, University of Dublin, Ireland Correspondence: School of Dentistry, University of Perugia Strada vicinale delle corse 60180 Perugia, Italy De-Carolis C, Boyd GA, Mancinelli L, Pagano S, Eramo S. Methamphet- [email protected] amine abuse and “meth mouth” in Europe. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015 Mar 1;20 (2):e205-10. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v20i2/medoralv20i2p205.pdf Received: 28/05/2014 Article Number: 20204 http://www.medicinaoral.com/ Accepted: 16/10/2014 © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - pISSN 1698-4447 - eISSN: 1698-6946 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PubMed Scopus, Embase and Emcare Indice Médico Español Abstract With easy chemical synthesis from its precursor, methamphetamine (MA) is now widespread in many countries. The abuse of methamphetamine is associated with several negative effects on health, because MA is a neurotoxin and a dangerous central nervous system stimulant. It changes levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, releasing dopamine and inhibiting nor epinephrine uptake which increases sympathetic nervous system activity and can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension and tachypnea.
    [Show full text]
  • The Entheogen Review , Pob 19820, Sa Cramento , Ca 95819-0820, Usa  161 Vol Ume X, Number 4 Winter Solstice 2001
    VOL UME X, NUMBER 4 WINTER SOLSTICE 2001 Index Symbols Age of Entheogens & The Angels’ Dictionary, Analog Act 84, 85 The 154 Anand, Margot 67, 154 ∞Ayes 32, 49, 50, 51 age regression 89 Anderson, E.F. 106 1,4-butanediol 84 Aguaruna Indians 10 Anderson, Rocky 41 1984 155 Aguirre, G., L.E. 3, 5, 6 Anderson, Sherry 156 2001 52 Agurell, S. 57, 58, 106 Andrews, S. 86 2C-B 22, 28, 118 ahpí 7 anesthetize 21 2C-D 20 ajucá 6 angico 6 2C-I 20 Akashic record 54 angicos brancos 6 2C-T-2 20, 22, 90 Al-Queda terrorists 123 angicos pretos 6 2C-T-4 20 Alarcón, R. 5 angiquín 6 2C-T-7 20, 85, 89, 90, 94, 105, 114 Alchemind Society, The 42, 76, 112 angiquinho 6 4-acetoxy-DET 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 96 alcohol Angraecum fragrans 86 4-acetoxy-DIPT 29, 30, 88, 90, 91, 93 38, 52, 74, 84, 98, 99, 134, 145, 146 Anon. 151 4-hydroxy-αMT 139 alcoholic beverages 86 anonymous remailer 123 4-hydroxy-DET 88, 89, 139 Aldrich 83 anthraquinones 86 4-hydroxy-DMT 88 alfalfa 129 anti-cholinergic-like central effect 150 4-hydroxy-DPT 139 alien 32, 50, 53 anti-depressant 28 5-MeO-αMT 148 alien robots 52 anti-inflammatory 86 5-MeO-DIPT 90, 94 AllChemical Arts (conference) 115 anti-marijuana laws 46 5-MeO-DMT Allen, John W. 112 anti-nausea medications 28 1, 5, 25, 84, 89, 99, 101, 102, 103, allergy preparations 28 antibacterial 135 118, 126, 148 Alli, Antero 114 antibiotic 28 5-methoxytryptamine 150 Allison 156 antidiarrheal 104 Alpert, Richard 34 antispasmatic 28 A alpha 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145 Antonil, André João 4 Aardvark, David α-MT 148 ants 151 α 21, 27, 28, 30, 34, 51,
    [Show full text]
  • Meth and Oral Health a Guide for Dental Professionals Hazelden Center City, Minnesota 55012-0176 1-800-328-9000 1-651-213-4590 (Fax)
    METH ORAL HEALTH A GUIDE FOR DENTAL PROFESSIONALS Meth and Oral Health A Guide for Dental Professionals Hazelden Center City, Minnesota 55012-0176 1-800-328-9000 1-651-213-4590 (fax) www.hazelden.org ©2007 by Hazelden Foundation All rights reserved. Published 2007 Printed in the United States of America Duplicating this guide is not permissible. The handouts on pages 15–16 and 17 may be duplicated for professional use, but may not be sold or repurposed for other uses without the permission of the publisher. To request permission, write to Permissions Coordinator, Hazelden, P.O. Box 176, Center City, MN 55012-0176. The material in this guide can help dental professionals provide dental treatment to users of methampheta- mine (meth) and educate staff and patients about the dangers of meth use. However, this information is not meant to override any state law or the medical and legal advice of any state dental board. The reader should consult the guidelines, regulations, and laws in his or her state on matters relating to a patient’s health. This guide focuses on the clinical implications of meth use and does not address whether an individual’s health or benefit plan(s) cover or provide benefit for the clinical services mentioned in this document. Web addresses cited in this guide are accurate as of press time, but are subject to change. Cover design by Terry Kriebech, DeCare International Interior design by David Spohn Typesetting by Tursso Companies Photographs courtesy of Charles Tatlock, D.D.S. Introduction: About This Guide This guide presents the latest information about methamphetamine (meth) use and its effects on oral health.
    [Show full text]
  • Meth Myths & Facts
    Meth Myths & Facts: What Science Tells Us New or resurging drug trends often spark what scientists have christened a drug panic. During such drug panics, professional and public proclamations about the drug and those who consume it are often highly inaccurate. One of the most recent of such panics involves the drug methamphetamine. Below is listed some of the myths about methamphetamine and what scientific studies have subsequently confirmed. Myth or Fact? Methamphetamine is America’s number one drug problem and its use is on the rise, particularly among teens. The Science: Only 600,000 Americans used methamphetamine in the past month compared to a total of 19.2 million who consumed some illicit drug and half of Americans over age 12 who reported past month alcohol consumption (SAMHSA, 2005). The prevalence of past month methamphetamine consumption among 12-17 year olds is declining, with its current level at 0.7 percent (SAMHSA, 2004; Johnston, et al, 2005). Myth or Fact? Meth is instantly addictive. The Science: It generally takes 2 to 5 years to establish methamphetamine dependence (SAMHSA, 1999). Myth or Fact? Methamphetamine is now the primary drug of choice for those admitted to addiction treatment in the United States. The Science? Methamphetamine is identified as a primary or secondary drug among only 12% of those entering addiction treatment in the Unites States (DASIS Report, 2006). Myth or Fact? Recovering from methamphetamine dependence takes longer than does recovery from other drug dependencies. The Science: There is a longer trajectory of recovery from the physical emaciation and adverse psychological effects from methamphetamine dependence than is the case with other drug dependencies (Cretzmeyer, Sarrazin, Huber, et al, 2003) Myth or Fact? Addiction treatment is not effective for meth addicts? The Science: Treatment follow-up studies of individuals treated for methamphetamine dependence reveal outcomes reveal outcomes comparable to those treated for heroin of cocaine dependence.
    [Show full text]
  • City of West Hollywood Substance Abuse Services Guide City of West Hollywood Substance Abuse Services Guide
    CITY OF WEST HOLLYWOOD SUBSTANCE ABUSE SERVICES GUIDE CITY OF WEST HOLLYWOOD SUBSTANCE ABUSE SERVICES GUIDE APLA HEALTH CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL - MCINTYRE HOUSE TWIN TOWN TREATMENT (213) 201-1600 SUBSTANCE USE PREVENTION (323) 662-0855 CENTERS www.aplahealth.org & TREATMENT PROGRAM www.mcintyrehouse.org (866) 594-8844 Health services, HIV support (323) 361-2463 McIntyre House offers a residential www.twintowntreatmentcenters.com services, and prevention/health www.chla.org/substance-abuse- rehabilitative experience for men Offers six intensive outpatient education for people living with prevention-and-treatment-services seeking recovery from alcoholism and treatment programs for adult and and affected by HIV, the LGBT A state-certified program that aims drug addiction. adolescent addictions in Los Angeles community, and other underserved to reduce alcohol and drug-related and Orange County (including West communities. Party Wise Crystal harm in an outpatient approach. The TARZANA TREATMENT Hollywood location). Accepts most Methamphetamine Program program serves youth ages 10-17 and CENTERS insurance plans and/or flex payment offers risk-reduction trainings, young adults ages 18-25 by offering (888)777-8565 schedules. support groups and community education and support to their www.tarzanatc.org events for gay men who use families and significant others. Provides inpatient medical VAN NESS RECOVERY methamphetamine. For more detoxification and psychiatric HOUSE information contact Roger Sediles FRIENDS COMMUNITY CENTER stabilization, residential
    [Show full text]
  • Methamphetamine and Other Potentially Risky Sex-Enhancing Drugs
    METHAMPHETAMINE AND OTHER POTENTIALLY RISKY SEX-ENHANCING DRUGS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CLINICAL SEXOLOGISTS AT MAIMONIDES UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY DAVID MICHAEL FAWCETT ALFREDO EUGENIO TAULE' NORTH MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA DECEMBER, 2004 DISSERTATION APPROVAL This dissertation submitted by David Michael Fawcett and Alfredo Eugenio Taule' has been read and approved by three faculty members of the American Academy of Clinical Sexologists at Maimonides University. The final copies have been examined by the Dissertation Committee and the signatures which appear here verify the fact that any necessary changes have been incorporated and the dissertation is now given the final approval with reference to content, form and mechanical accuracy. The dissertation is therefore accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signature Date ______________________________ ______________ William Granzig, Ph.D., FAACS Advisor and Committee Chair ______________________________ _______________ John Achinapura, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ _______________ James Walker, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I dedicate this dissertation to my first born son Timothy who at the age of thirty-four after the terrorist attack in New York and Washington became a part of our proud military forces. At present he is a proud Airborne Ranger protecting our nation in a dangerous forward zone in the Sunni Triangle in Iraq. Timothy's resolve and courage as well as all of his accomplishments in such a short period of time have become a great source of inspiration for our family. My son has become my hero and he has made me aware of noble feelings like honor, loyalty, patriotism and commitment.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders Among Amphetamine Users in Indonesia
    Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada 2019; 19:e5261 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2019.191.142 ISSN 1519-0501 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders among Amphetamine Users in Indonesia Inge Paramitha1, Ira Tanti2, Laura S. Himawan3 1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 0000-0002-0072-379X 2Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 0000-0002-0119-3153 2Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 0000-0002-6331-5160 Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Ira Tanti, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya no.4, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. Phone: +62 8161164801. E-mail: [email protected]. Academic Editors: Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti and Wilton Wilney Nascimento Padilha Received: 03 April 2019 / Accepted: 09 September 2019 / Published: 24 September 2019 Abstract Objective: To determine the possible risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among amphetamine users in Indonesia. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 152 male amphetamine users, aged 18-45 years, who were undergoing rehabilitation. Data were obtained from medical records, questionnaires, and clinical examinations. Data obtained from medical records included age, gender, duration of amphetamine use, duration of rehabilitation, and psychiatric status. Collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square and logistic regression tests to identify correlations between TMD and bruxism, oral habits, tooth wear, duration of amphetamine abused, and duration of rehabilitation. Results: TMD was found in 84.2% of amphetamine users, with clicking being the most frequently reported sign (72.4%). Tooth wear (72.4%), oral habits (60.5%), and bruxism (56.6%) were also frequently found.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of Synthetic Particles and Nerve Endings on Mass
    STUDIES OF SYNTHETIC PARTICLES AND NERVE ENDINGS ON MASS TRANSPORT AND KINETICS AND INHIBITION OF THE DEGLYCOSYLATED DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER By VERONICA MANLING CHIU A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Chemistry May 2012 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of VERONICA MANLING CHIU find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. __________________________________ James O. Schenk, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ Herbert H. Hill, Jr., Ph.D. ___________________________________ Chulhee Kang, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Barbara A. Sorg, Ph.D. ii ACKNKOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to start by thanking my committee, Drs. Jim Schenk, Herb Hill, Chulhee Kang, and Barb Sorg for their support, encouragement, and guidance. I am especially grateful to my mentor as well as my friend, Dr. Jim Schenk, for the infinite support, patience, and encouragement. Jim, you allowed me to learn, think and find answers on my own, but at the same time you provided help whenever I needed it. You also encouraged me to believe who I am. You taught me how to write a scientific paper and allowed me to write in my own words. You also provided me much help with giving presentations, which I am still learning about. In addition to science knowledge, I learned a lot from you on cooking, food, American culture, and arts. I really enjoyed the time when we gathered and shared food, and of course, your food is always so tasty. I know I am going to miss it! I also enjoyed our talks, and I never met a person who has as much knowledge as you do.
    [Show full text]
  • SAID 2013 Literature Review
    2013 SAID Literature Review – Annual Seminar Philadelphia, PA 2013 ANNUAL SEMINAR PHILADELPHIA, PA Special Care Advocates in Dentistry 2013 Lit. Review (SAID’s Search of Dental Literature Published in Calendar Year 2012*) Compiled by: Dr. Robert G. Henry Dr. Douglas Veazey Special Acknowledgement to Ms. Sandy Challman who provided computer support, literature searches, and collecting and compiling the final articles which are seen here. Without her help and support this review would not have been possible. 1 2013 SAID Literature Review – Annual Seminar Philadelphia, PA Recent journal articles related to oral health care for people with mental and physical disabilities. Search Program = PubMed Database = Medline Journal Subset = Dental Publication Timeframe = Calendar Year 2012* Language = English SAID Search-Term Results = 2,933 Initial Selection Result = 682 articles Final Selection Result = 144 articles SAID Search-Terms Employed: 1. Intellectual disability 21. Protective devices 2. Mental retardation 22. Moderate sedation 3. Mental deficiency 23. Conscious sedation 4. Mental disorders 24. Analgesia 5. Mental health 25. Anesthesia 6. Mental illness 26. Dental anxiety 7. Dental care for disabled 27. Nitrous oxide 8. Dental care for chronically ill 28. Gingival hyperplasia 9. Self-mutilation 29. Gingival hypertrophy 10. Disabled 30. Glossectomy 11. Behavior management 31. Sialorrhea 12. Behavior modification 32. Bruxism 13. Behavior therapy 33. Deglutition disorders 14. Cognitive therapy 34. Community dentistry 15. Down syndrome 35. State dentistry 16. Cerebral palsy 36. Gagging 17. Epilepsy 37. Substance abuse 18. Enteral nutrition 38. Syndromes 19. Physical restraint 39. Tooth brushing 20. Immobilization 40. Pharmaceutical preparations Program: EndNote X3 used to organize search and provide abstract.
    [Show full text]