DOCSLIB.ORG

Studies of Synthetic Particles and Nerve Endings on Mass

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studies of Synthetic Particles and Nerve Endings on Mass STUDIES OF SYNTHETIC PARTICLES AND NERVE ENDINGS ON MASS TRANSPORT AND KINETICS AND INHIBITION OF THE DEGLYCOSYLATED DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER By VERONICA MANLING CHIU A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Chemistry May 2012 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of VERONICA MANLING CHIU find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. __________________________________ James O. Schenk, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ Herbert H. Hill, Jr., Ph.D. ___________________________________ Chulhee Kang, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Barbara A. Sorg, Ph.D. ii ACKNKOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to start by thanking my committee, Drs. Jim Schenk, Herb Hill, Chulhee Kang, and Barb Sorg for their support, encouragement, and guidance. I am especially grateful to my mentor as well as my friend, Dr. Jim Schenk, for the infinite support, patience, and encouragement. Jim, you allowed me to learn, think and find answers on my own, but at the same time you provided help whenever I needed it. You also encouraged me to believe who I am. You taught me how to write a scientific paper and allowed me to write in my own words. You also provided me much help with giving presentations, which I am still learning about. In addition to science knowledge, I learned a lot from you on cooking, food, American culture, and arts. I really enjoyed the time when we gathered and shared food, and of course, your food is always so tasty. I know I am going to miss it! I also enjoyed our talks, and I never met a person who has as much knowledge as you do. I also would like to thank Dr. Barb Sorg for her guidance on brain dissections. I really appreciated your help on my presentation for my interview. In addition, I am grateful to Dr. Nicole Bjorklund, who taught me how to use the RDEV, Paul Schumacher, who helped me on animal handling and electrochemistry, and Peter Lukus, who helped me in various tasks whenever I needed it. I would like to thank the people in the Chemistry department who had helped me throughout the years. I feel so grateful that I have my friends, Lisa, Christina, Elsa, Nelmi, Adam, Kristyn, Jamie, and Nancy, who share my happiness and who are always there when I need a hug. I am especially thankful for my best friend, Rebecca, who will always be there to give me support. iii And last but not least, I am so thankful to have endless support and encouragement from my family: mom, dad, my two lovely sisters (Anita and Bonnie), and my brothers-in-law (Jason and Martin). I love you all! iv STUDIES OF SYNTHETIC PARTICLES AND NERVE ENDINGS ON MASS TRANSPORT AND KINETICS AND INHIBITION OF THE DEGLYCOSYLATED DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER Abstract by Veronica Manling Chiu, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2012 Chair: James O. Schenk Unstirred layer (USL) is present at the interface of solids with solutions, and particles pass through these layers by diffusion. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry (RDEV) has been used in different biological applications. However, it is unknown whether brain tissue preparation in solution affects the mass transport at the electrode, and whether the USL in real biological samples affects the kinetic measurements. In Chapter Two, liposomes, silica, and Sephadex™ were used to model the tissue preparation particles and examined the effect on mass transport at the RDE. Both diffusion and hydrodynamic boundary layers formed between the solution and the electrode surface. In the presence of inert particles, the sensitivity, limiting current, apparent diffusion coefficient, boundary layers thicknesses, and the mixing time decreased with no change on the detection limit (6 ± 2 nM). In addition, the thicknesses of USL’s within the neuronal homogenates do not appear to affect the apparent kinetics of biological mass transport. Results also show that RDEV kinetically resolves transmembrane transport with a timing of approximately 30 ms. v It is known that the glycosylation on the dopamine transporter (DAT) is important for cocaine binding and the function of the DAT. However, the connection between carbohydrate moieties and the function of the DAT is unknown. In Chapter Three, effects of carbohydrate component modification on DA transport velocity were examined by using different glycosidases. DA transport activities decreased after different glycosidase treatments in rats’ striata. Then, α-mannosidase was used for the rest of the studies due to the rapid access to its substrate. After α-mannosidase treatment, Vmax of the DA transport decreased while the Km was unchanged. Moreover, removal of α-mannose abolished the effect of cocaine on the kinetic state of the DAT. Finally, cocaine, bupropion, mazindol, and β-phenylethylamine but not methamphetamine and tyramine block the effects of α-mannosidase on the DAT. Results lead to a conclusion that a derivative of mazindol may be a possible antagonist for cocaine. Methamphetamine is a very addictive drug that will damage the brain. Chapter Four provides a summary on how methamphetamine affects different neurotransmitter contents and its transporter kinetics in different brain regions. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF SCHEMES......................................................................................................................xv ATTRIBUTIONS ........................................................................................................................ xvi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................11 2. MASS TRANSPORT AT ROTATING DISK ELECTRODES: EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC PARTICLES AND NERVE ENDINGS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................22 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................22 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................25 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................30 DISCUSSION ..............................................................................................................33 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................................37 vii REFERENCES ............................................................................................................38 3. KINETICS AND INHIBITION OF THE DEGLYCOSYLATED DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................55 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................56 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................60 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................65 DISCUSSION ..............................................................................................................66 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................................70 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................71 4. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF METHAMPHETAMINE WITHIN THE DOPAMINERGIC AREAS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................84 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................85 HISTORY OF AMPHETMAINE AND METHAMPHETAMINE ............................85 STATISTICS AND EFFECTS OF AMPHETAMINE AND METHAMPHETAMINE USAGE ..............................................................................86 WHY IS IT SO EASY TO MAKE METHAMPHETAMINE ....................................87 DRUG REWARD PATHWAYS IN THE BRAIN .....................................................88 METHODS OF DETECTION .....................................................................................92 METHAMPHETAMINE INHIBITION OF CATECHOLAMINE AND viii SEROTONIN TRANSPORTERS ...............................................................................94 CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................120 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................121 REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................122
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Your Mouth on Meth
    Common Ingredients in Meth Manufacturing The com mon ingredients used in making methamp hetamine and listed below are very acidic: ■ Antifreeze ■ Battery acid ■ Drain cleaner ■ Hydrochloric acid ■ Lantern fuel ■ Lye ■ Muriatic acid ■ Paint thinner ■ Red phosphorus found in the strips on match boxes ■ Over-the-counter cold medicines that contain ephedrine Mix these together and you have some caustic stuff. Meth users can go from having healthy teeth and a sparkling smile to losing their teeth in a very short time period. For most, dentures D M are the only option. D , n e l l A These dangerous chemicals can also make you h t i feel like there are bugs under your skin, causing d u J you to scratch yourself to the point that you : o t o have bleeding sores on your face, arms and legs. h p Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians' Network Your Mouth on P O Box 60427 | Nashville, TN 37206 Phone: 615 226-2292 Meth [email protected] | www.nhchc.org One Big Problem What You Can Do What You Need to Know While methamphetamine is very damaging to ■ Do not use methamphetamine or other the body and brain, it also destroys teeth. An drugs. unhealthy, unattractive mouth makes it difficult ■ If you’re already using, call the agency Meth, Speed, Ice, Chalk, Crank, Fire, Glass and to feel good about your appearance, socialize below for help getting off drugs. Crysta l are street names for the drug and find a job. ■ Instead of drinking sodas, drink plenty of metha mphetamine.
    [Show full text]
  • Dextroamphetamine PI 202006
    HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION • Glaucoma (4) 5.4 Long-Term Suppression of Growth Cardiovascular • Agitated states (4) Monitor growth in children during treatment with stimulants. Patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted. Palpitations. There have been isolated reports of cardiomyopathy associated with chronic amphetamine use. These highlights do not include all the information needed to use DEXTROAMPHETAMINE saccharate, AMPHET- • History of drug abuse (4) Careful follow-up of weight and height in children ages 7 to 10 years who were randomized to either methylphenidate or non-medication treatment groups over Central Nervous System AMINE aspartate monohydrate, DEXTROAMPHETAMINE sulfate, AMPHETAMINE sulfate extended-release capsules • During or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) (4, 7.1) 14 months, as well as in naturalistic subgroups of newly methylphenidate-treated and non-medication treated children over 36 months (to the ages of 10 to 13 years), Psychotic episodes at recommended doses, overstimulation, restlessness, irritability, euphoria, dyskinesia, dysphoria, depression, tremor, tics, aggression, anger, safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for DEXTROAMPHETAMINE saccharate, AMPHETAMINE aspar- suggests that consistently medicated children (i.e., treatment for 7 days per week throughout the year) have a temporary slowing in growth rate (on average, a total of logorrhea, dermatillomania, paresthesia (including formication), and bruxism. tate monohydrate, DEXTROAMPHETAMINE sulfate, AMPHETAMINE sulfate extended-release capsules. ----------------------------------------------------------- WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ----------------------------------------------------------- about 2 cm less growth in height and 2.7 kg less growth in weight over 3 years), without evidence of growth rebound during this period of development.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation of Amphetamines From
    Europäisches Patentamt *EP001442006B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 442 006 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: C07C 209/00 of the grant of the patent: 24.08.2005 Bulletin 2005/34 (86) International application number: PCT/US2002/034400 (21) Application number: 02802245.7 (87) International publication number: (22) Date of filing: 28.10.2002 WO 2003/037843 (08.05.2003 Gazette 2003/19) (54) PREPARATION OF AMPHETAMINES FROM PHENYLPROPANOLAMINES VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON AMPHETAMINEN AUS PHENYLPROPANOLAMINEN PREPARATION D’AMPHETAMINES A PARTIR DE PHENYLPROPANOLAMINES (84) Designated Contracting States: • REINER LUCKENBACH: "Beilstein Handbuch AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR der Organischen Chemie, vol. XII, 4th Ed., 4th IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SK TR Suppl., p. 2586 to 2591" 1984 , SPRINGER VERLAG , BERLIN . HEIDELBERG . NEW YORK (30) Priority: 29.10.2001 US 20488 TOKYO XP002235852 page 2586 -page 2591 • HANS-G. BOIT: "Beilsteins Handbuch der (43) Date of publication of application: Organischen Chemie, vol. XII, 4th Ed., Third 04.08.2004 Bulletin 2004/32 Suppl. page 2664 to page 2669" 1973 , SPRINGER VERLAG , BERLIN . HEIDELBERG . (73) Proprietor: Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals, Inc. NEW YORK XP002235853 page 2664 -page 2669 Peterburg, VA 23805 (US) • DATABASE CROSSFIRE BEILSTEIN [Online] BEILSTEIN INSTITUT ZUR FOEDERUNG DER (72) Inventors: CHEMISCHEN WISSENSCHAFTEN, • BOSWELL, Robert F., FRANKFURT AM MAIN, DE; Boehringer Ingelheim Chem.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Manifestations in Drug Users: a Review
    J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(2):e193-200. Oral manifestations in drug users Journal section: Oral Medicine and Pathology doi:10.4317/jced.55928 Publication Types: Review https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.55928 Oral manifestations in drug users: A review Federico Cossa 1, Alessia Piastra 2, Mª Gracia Sarrion-Pérez 3, Leticia Bagán 4 1 Student of the master of Implantology at the Universidad Europea de Valencia. Graduated in Dentistry at the Universidad Europea de Valencia 2 Student of the master of Endodontics at the University of Valencia. Graduated in Dentistry at the Universidad Europea de Valencia 3 PhD, Associate Professor. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Dentistry. European University of Valencia. Spain 4 PhD, Titular professor. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Dentistry. European University of Valencia. Spain Correspondence: Universidad Europea de Valencia Paseo Alameda, 7 46010 – Valencia, Spain [email protected] Cossa F, Piastra A, Sarrion-Pérez MG, Bagán L. Oral manifestations in drug users: A review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(2):e193-200. http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/volumenes/v12i2/jcedv12i2p193.pdf Received: 24/06/2019 Accepted: 08/01/2020 Article Number: 55928 http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/indice.htm © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - eISSN: 1989-5488 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Pubmed Pubmed Central® (PMC) Scopus DOI® System Abstract Background: In the dental environment there is not much talk about the oral manifestations resulting from the use of drugs, because in general the issue of drugs is a very difficult subject to deal with. Therefore, the objective of this work is to understand what are the most obvious manifestations in the oral cavity and as the dentist can detect them.
    [Show full text]
  • Methamphetamine Abuse and “Meth Mouth” in Europe
    Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015 Mar 1;20 (2):e205-10. Meth Mouth in EU Journal section: Medically compromised patients in Dentistry doi:10.4317/medoral.20204 Publication Types: Review http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.20204 Methamphetamine abuse and “meth mouth” in Europe Carlo De-Carolis 1, Geraldine-A. Boyd 2, Luca Mancinelli 3, Stefano Pagano 1, Stefano Eramo 1 1 DDS. Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences-School of Dentistry- University of Perugia, Italy 2 Language Centre (CLA), University of Perugia, Italy 3 Geology Department, University of Dublin, Ireland Correspondence: School of Dentistry, University of Perugia Strada vicinale delle corse 60180 Perugia, Italy De-Carolis C, Boyd GA, Mancinelli L, Pagano S, Eramo S. Methamphet- [email protected] amine abuse and “meth mouth” in Europe. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015 Mar 1;20 (2):e205-10. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v20i2/medoralv20i2p205.pdf Received: 28/05/2014 Article Number: 20204 http://www.medicinaoral.com/ Accepted: 16/10/2014 © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - pISSN 1698-4447 - eISSN: 1698-6946 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PubMed Scopus, Embase and Emcare Indice Médico Español Abstract With easy chemical synthesis from its precursor, methamphetamine (MA) is now widespread in many countries. The abuse of methamphetamine is associated with several negative effects on health, because MA is a neurotoxin and a dangerous central nervous system stimulant. It changes levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, releasing dopamine and inhibiting nor epinephrine uptake which increases sympathetic nervous system activity and can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension and tachypnea.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 76/Monday, April 20, 2020/Notices
    Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 76 / Monday, April 20, 2020 / Notices 21889 Controlled substance Drug code Schedule Desomorphine ................................................................................................................................................................. 9055 I Dihydromorphine ............................................................................................................................................................. 9145 I Heroin .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9200 I Morphine-N-oxide ............................................................................................................................................................ 9307 I Normorphine .................................................................................................................................................................... 9313 I Tilidine ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9750 I Alpha-methylfentanyl ....................................................................................................................................................... 9814 I Acetyl Fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide) ............................................................................... 9821 I Methamphetamine
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis Of
    Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPHETAMINE AND THEIR RING-SUBSTITUTED ANALOGUES IN SEIZED MATERIALS (revised and updated) MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG TESTING LABORATORIES Laboratory and Scientific Section United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Vienna RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPHETAMINE AND THEIR RING-SUBSTITUTED ANALOGUES IN SEIZED MATERIALS (revised and updated) MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG TESTING LABORATORIES UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 Note Mention of company names and commercial products does not imply the endorse- ment of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. ST/NAR/34 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.06.XI.1 ISBN 92-1-148208-9 Acknowledgements UNODC’s Laboratory and Scientific Section wishes to express its thanks to the experts who participated in the Consultative Meeting on “The Review of Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS) and Their Ring-substituted Analogues in Seized Material” for their contribution to the contents of this manual. Ms. Rosa Alis Rodríguez, Laboratorio de Drogas y Sanidad de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Dr. Hans Bergkvist, SKL—National Laboratory of Forensic Science, Linköping, Sweden Ms. Warank Boonchuay, Division of Narcotics Analysis, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Dr. Rainer Dahlenburg, Bundeskriminalamt/KT34, Wiesbaden, Germany Mr. Adrian V. Kemmenoe, The Forensic Science Service, Birmingham Laboratory, Birmingham, United Kingdom Dr. Tohru Kishi, National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders Among Amphetamine Users in Indonesia
    Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada 2019; 19:e5261 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2019.191.142 ISSN 1519-0501 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders among Amphetamine Users in Indonesia Inge Paramitha1, Ira Tanti2, Laura S. Himawan3 1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 0000-0002-0072-379X 2Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 0000-0002-0119-3153 2Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 0000-0002-6331-5160 Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Ira Tanti, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya no.4, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. Phone: +62 8161164801. E-mail: [email protected]. Academic Editors: Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti and Wilton Wilney Nascimento Padilha Received: 03 April 2019 / Accepted: 09 September 2019 / Published: 24 September 2019 Abstract Objective: To determine the possible risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among amphetamine users in Indonesia. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 152 male amphetamine users, aged 18-45 years, who were undergoing rehabilitation. Data were obtained from medical records, questionnaires, and clinical examinations. Data obtained from medical records included age, gender, duration of amphetamine use, duration of rehabilitation, and psychiatric status. Collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square and logistic regression tests to identify correlations between TMD and bruxism, oral habits, tooth wear, duration of amphetamine abused, and duration of rehabilitation. Results: TMD was found in 84.2% of amphetamine users, with clicking being the most frequently reported sign (72.4%). Tooth wear (72.4%), oral habits (60.5%), and bruxism (56.6%) were also frequently found.
    [Show full text]
  • Product Monograph
    PRODUCT MONOGRAPH VYVANSE®* lisdexamfetamine dimesylate Capsules: 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg Chewable Tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg and 60 mg Central Nervous System Stimulant Takeda Canada Inc. Date of Preparation: 22 Adelaide Street West, Suite 3800 19 February 2009 Toronto, Ontario M5H 4E3 Date of Revision: July 21, 2020 Submission Control No.: 240669 *VYVANSE® and the VYVANSE Logo are registered trademarks of Shire LLC, a Takeda company. Takeda and the Takeda Logo are trademarks of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, used under license. © 2020 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. All rights reserved. Pa ge 1 of 60 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION .................................................... 3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ................................................................... 3 INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE ........................................................................ 3 CONTRAINDICATIONS ............................................................................................ 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ............................................................................ 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS........................................................................................... 12 DRUG INTERACTIONS ........................................................................................... 23 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ........................................................................ 25 OVERDOSAGE .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Review: Synthetic Methods for Amphetamine
    Review: Synthetic Methods for Amphetamine A. Allen1 and R. Ely2 1Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, Colorado 80503 2Drug Enforcement Administration, San Francisco, CA Abstract: This review focuses on synthesis of amphetamine. The chemistry of these methods will be discussed, referenced and precursors highlighted. This review covers the period 1985 to 2009 with emphasis on stereoselective synthesis, classical non-chiral synthesis and bio-enzymatic reactions. The review is directed to the Forensic Community and thus highlights precursors, reagents, stereochemistry, type and name reactions. The article attempts to present, as best as possible, a list of references covering amphetamine synthesis from 1900 -2009. Although this is the same fundamental ground as the recent publication by K. Norman; “Clandestine Laboratory Investigating Chemist Association” 19, 3(2009)2-39, this current review offers another perspective. Keywords: Review, Stereoselective, Amphetamine, Syntheses, references, Introduction: It has been 20 years since our last review of the synthetic literature for the manufacture of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Much has changed in the world of organic transformation in this time period. Chiral (stereoselective) synthetic reactions have moved to the forefront of organic transformations and these stereoselective reactions, as well as regio-reactions and biotransformations will be the focus of this review. Within the synthesis of amphetamine, these stereoselective transformations have taken the form of organometallic reactions, enzymatic reactions, ring openings, - aminooxylations, alkylations and amination reactions. The earlier review (J. Forensic Sci. Int. 42(1989)183-189) addressed for the most part, the ―reductive‖ synthetic methods leading to this drug of abuse. It could be said that the earlier review dealt with ―classical organic transformations,‖ roughly covering the period from 1900-1985.
    [Show full text]
  • SAID 2013 Literature Review
    2013 SAID Literature Review – Annual Seminar Philadelphia, PA 2013 ANNUAL SEMINAR PHILADELPHIA, PA Special Care Advocates in Dentistry 2013 Lit. Review (SAID’s Search of Dental Literature Published in Calendar Year 2012*) Compiled by: Dr. Robert G. Henry Dr. Douglas Veazey Special Acknowledgement to Ms. Sandy Challman who provided computer support, literature searches, and collecting and compiling the final articles which are seen here. Without her help and support this review would not have been possible. 1 2013 SAID Literature Review – Annual Seminar Philadelphia, PA Recent journal articles related to oral health care for people with mental and physical disabilities. Search Program = PubMed Database = Medline Journal Subset = Dental Publication Timeframe = Calendar Year 2012* Language = English SAID Search-Term Results = 2,933 Initial Selection Result = 682 articles Final Selection Result = 144 articles SAID Search-Terms Employed: 1. Intellectual disability 21. Protective devices 2. Mental retardation 22. Moderate sedation 3. Mental deficiency 23. Conscious sedation 4. Mental disorders 24. Analgesia 5. Mental health 25. Anesthesia 6. Mental illness 26. Dental anxiety 7. Dental care for disabled 27. Nitrous oxide 8. Dental care for chronically ill 28. Gingival hyperplasia 9. Self-mutilation 29. Gingival hypertrophy 10. Disabled 30. Glossectomy 11. Behavior management 31. Sialorrhea 12. Behavior modification 32. Bruxism 13. Behavior therapy 33. Deglutition disorders 14. Cognitive therapy 34. Community dentistry 15. Down syndrome 35. State dentistry 16. Cerebral palsy 36. Gagging 17. Epilepsy 37. Substance abuse 18. Enteral nutrition 38. Syndromes 19. Physical restraint 39. Tooth brushing 20. Immobilization 40. Pharmaceutical preparations Program: EndNote X3 used to organize search and provide abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • The Significance of Illicit Drug Use to Dental Practice
    Article ID: WMC00455 2046-1690 The Significance Of Illicit Drug Use To Dental Practice Corresponding Author: Dr. William Maloney, clinical associate professor, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, 10010 - United States of America Submitting Author: Dr. William J Maloney, Clinical Associate Professor, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, 10010 - United States of America Article ID: WMC00455 Article Type: Original Articles Submitted on:28-Jul-2010, 04:15:06 AM GMT Published on: 28-Jul-2010, 07:20:26 AM GMT Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/455 Subject Categories:DENTISTRY, DRUG ABUSE Keywords:drug abuse, dental practice, cocaine, marijuana, methampetamines, meth mouth How to cite the article:Maloney W . The Significance Of Illicit Drug Use To Dental Practice . WebmedCentral DENTISTRY, DRUG ABUSE 2010;1(7):WMC00455 WebmedCentral > Original Articles Page 1 of 7 WMC00455 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 22-Dec-2011, 05:49:23 AM The Significance Of Illicit Drug Use To Dental Practice Author(s): Maloney W Introduction extensively in the scientific literature to describe the devastating, yet predictable, dental effects of methamphetamine use. The buccal smooth surfaces of the teeth and the interproximal surfaces of the Dentists encounter a wide array of individuals anterior teeth are affected by decay in presenting for various professional dental services in methamphetamine users (3,5,8-14). Other oral their dental practices on a daily basis.Regardless of findings in methamphetamine users include clenching the geographic location of the dental practice or the and grinding of teeth (15), tempromandibular disorders socio-economic status of the patients, each dental (6), xerostomia, and poor oral hygiene (8).
    [Show full text]