DOCSLIB.ORG

Lysias 25 and the Intractable Democratic Abuses Author(S): T. M. Murphy Source: the American Journal of Philology, Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lysias 25 and the Intractable Democratic Abuses Author(S): T. M. Murphy Source: the American Journal of Philology, Vol Lysias 25 and the Intractable Democratic Abuses Author(s): T. M. Murphy Source: The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 113, No. 4 (Winter, 1992), pp. 543-558 Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/295539 Accessed: 09-06-2015 19:04 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Johns Hopkins University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Journal of Philology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.83.205.78 on Tue, 09 Jun 2015 19:04:41 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions LYSIAS 25 AND THE INTRACTABLE DEMOCRATIC ABUSES Nineteenth- and twentieth-century commentators of Lysias have more widely disagreed on the persona sustained by an anonymous member of the City faction1 in Or. 25, "Defense against a Charge of Subverting the Democracy," than on that given any other "speaker" in the Lysianic corpus.2 K. J. Dover found in this figure (whom I will call X) a "distinctive" individual characterization3 but questioned whether Or. 25 could have been intended for delivery before a democratic court: "In this case the grounds for suspicion are the high level of generalisa- tion maintained throughout the speech, the intellectual aloofness of the argument in 8-11, and the assurance of the inimical tone adopted in 25 towards certain individuals prominent in the closing years of the war."4 However, though the likely date of composition can be set within nar- row limits, Dover makes no effort to evoke the conditions which would have made delivery impossible or unlikely in spite of the fact that Athe- nian courts historically entertained issues more controversial than any raised in this speech.5 I hope to show the point of the "aloofness" and 'For a recent discussion of such key political terms as 'faction,' 'group,' 'ten- dency,' and 'party' and of their uses to describe the shifting, combative alignments of fifth- and fourth-century B.C. Athenian political life, see Barry Strauss, Athens after the Peloponnesian War: Class, Faction, and Policy 403-386 B.C. (London and Sydney 1986) 11-36. I am persuaded by Strauss's argument for 'faction' (27-28) as the best term in that it gives due emphasis to the importance of the individual leader without excluding consid- erations of policy, class, and economic interest. 2E Blass, Die Attische Beredsamkeit2 I (Leipzig 1887) 515; P. Dobree, Adversaria I (Berlin 1831) 247; R. Rauchenstein, Ausgewdhlte Reden des Lysias I (Berlin 1848; rpr. Berlin 1963) 64; R. Jebb, The Attic Orators I (London 1876) 254; W. DeVries, A Rhetorical Study of the Types of Character in the Orations of Lysias (Baltimore 1892) 28; C. Adams, Lysias: Selected Speeches (London 1905; rpr. Norman, Okla. 1976) 260; P. Cloche, La restauration democratique d Athenes en 403 avant J.-C. (Paris 1915) 387-94; I. Bruns, Das literarische Portrat der Griechen im funften und vierten Jahrhundert vor Christi Geburt (Berlin 1896; rpr. Hildesheim 1961) 451. 3K. J. Dover, Lysias and the Corpus Lysiacum (Berkeley 1968) 78: "Personally I find the speaker of xxv the most distinctive, but he has not seemed so to others . who have studied ethos in the orators." Cf. S. Usher, "Individual Characterisation in Lysias," Eranos 63 (1965) 119, n. 136. 4Dover (note 3 above) 188. See note 11 below. 5According to Lys. 34 (preserved D. H. Lys. 31-33), a proposal of Phormisius to restrict the franchise to property owners was introduced shortly after the restoration: in American Journal of Philology 113 (1992) 543-558 ? 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University Press This content downloaded from 128.83.205.78 on Tue, 09 Jun 2015 19:04:41 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 544 T. M. MURPHY argue that Dover has not recognized the role of generalization in the speech. Dover's view exemplifies a serious deficiency in previous studies, their failure to relate Or. 25's rhetorical strategy to political conditions at the time of composition. The result has been the ascription by schol- ars of now this, now that individual or "dramatic" character to X where none is to be found.6 The speech, I argue, is a deliberation on Athenian public policy. Although it addresses the case of an individual, X offers a defense which covers in effect the entire City faction, rather than him- self alone, and which proclaims a policy of expediency not just for himself but for his long-suffering faction as well. He therefore needs and is given only a generalized political persona. The result is a forensic speech whose content is properly deliberative in the technical sense.7 In undertaking this analysis my aim has not been, in the first instance, to uncover the "true" political motivation of the anonymous "speaker" or to determine his guilt or innocence of the charges against him. I have primarily tried to examine his social and political "image," as projected in the speech written for him, on the assumption that this image was intended by its author to appeal to the political awareness of its audience. X invites the court to consider the past decade of catastrophic stasis in Athens as the work of an organized system of malfeasance and corruption, namely, the radical democracy; under it the relations of haves and have-nots have grown increasingly strained, with profit only to the sykophantai (24, 32, 34). Comparison of the speech with Ps.- Xenophon's Athenaion Politeia and the speech of Diodotus in Thucydi- des exposes X's political posture as that of a disaffected aristocrat con- ventionally claiming intellectual ascendancy over the democratic rank and file and moral ascendancy over current leaders of the restored de- this a life-or-death issue was at stake for radical democracy. Whether Lys. 34 was deliv- ered or not, the proposal itself is unlikely to have been fabricated by the speechwriter; see C. Hignett, A History of the Athenian Constitution to the End of the Fifth Century B.C. (Oxford 1952; rpr. 1970) 296-97; Cloch6 (note 2 above) 420. 6 By 'individual characterization' I mean those qualities of literary portrayal which seemingly discover to us a distinct individual rather than a type. To discuss individual characterization in this sense, Dionysius (Lys. 7, 9, respectively) uses the terms enargeia ('vividness') and prepon ('propriety'); see C. Carey, Lysias: Selected Speeches (Cam- bridge 1989) 10, n. 49. 7That is, concerned with the expedient, bearing on the future, hortatory; cf. Arist. Rh. 1.3.3-6. This content downloaded from 128.83.205.78 on Tue, 09 Jun 2015 19:04:41 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions LYSIAS 25 AND THE INTRACTABLE DEMOCRATIC ABUSES 545 mocracy. Contemporary evidence bearing on the gradual nature of the restoration to full radical democracy and, in particular, on the balance of factions in the impoverished Athenian state is scarce and of uneven reliability. It is my hope to have this rather neglected speech of Lysias' included among documents expressing the viewpoint of those who shied from both extremes, oligarchic and democratic, but especially from the latter in the obscure period between the restoration of democ- racy and the outbreak of the Corinthian War. 1. OCCASION AND DATE The title of Or. 25, as preserved in the manuscripts, AHMOY KATAAYEEQE AIIOAOFIA, "Defense on a Charge of Subverting the Democracy," is legally incorrect. I hope to show that the misnomer derives from the legitimate insight of an ancient compiler into what the speech really says about Athenian democracy. It supposes for audi- ence, as the opening address to the jury indicates, an ordinary heliastic court of the restored democracy. Presumably (but not explicitly) the occasion for X is that of the preliminary scrutiny (dokimasia) required of all citizens entering public office (10, 23).8 No office is specified. The procedures for a scrutiny did not require candidates to offer proof of technical competence for office, but the examiners might find against anyone whose support for the laws and democratic constitution of Ath- ens they had reason to doubt.9 (Though the testimony of Aristotle and Plato suggests that City men might have confidence in the amnesty, several passages in the Orators confirm that such charges were often heard after 403.)10 The speech assumes that opponents have used the 8For the requirement see Arist. Ath. 55.2; Aeschin. 3.15; Lys. 15.2. For the occa- sion see Blass (note 2 above) 511; Jebb (note 2 above) 250-51; L. Gernet and M. Bizos, Lysias: Discours II (Paris 1955) 111;RE 5 (1905) 1270 s.v. dokimasia; Rauchenstein (note 2 above) 61-62. 9Arist. Ath. 55.3-4. Cf. the case of Theramenes (Lys. 13.10) and of Mantitheus (Lys. 16.3-8, 18), who claims to have provoked antipathy by wearing his hair in the aristocratic style. '?For the effectiveness of the amnesty see Arist. Ath. 40.2 and Plato Ep. 7.325b. But see also Lys. 26.9, 31.26. In Isoc. 18 an oligarch is defendant in a suit brought by a democrat at a time when the amnesty is of recent date (36).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Citations in Classics and Ancient History
    Citations in Classics and Ancient History The most common style in use in the field of Classical Studies is the author-date style, also known as Chicago 2, but MLA is also quite common and perfectly acceptable. Quick guides for each of MLA and Chicago 2 are readily available as PDF downloads. The Chicago Manual of Style Online offers a guide on their web-page: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html The Modern Language Association (MLA) does not, but many educational institutions post an MLA guide for free access. While a specific citation style should be followed carefully, none take into account the specific practices of Classical Studies. They are all (Chicago, MLA and others) perfectly suitable for citing most resources, but should not be followed for citing ancient Greek and Latin primary source material, including primary sources in translation. Citing Primary Sources: Every ancient text has its own unique system for locating content by numbers. For example, Homer's Iliad is divided into 24 Books (what we might now call chapters) and the lines of each Book are numbered from line 1. Herodotus' Histories is divided into nine Books and each of these Books is divided into Chapters and each chapter into line numbers. The purpose of such a system is that the Iliad, or any primary source, can be cited in any language and from any publication and always refer to the same passage. That is why we do not cite Herodotus page 66. Page 66 in what publication, in what edition? Very early in your textbook, Apodexis Historia, a passage from Herodotus is reproduced.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prosecutors of Socrates and the Political Motive Theory
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2-1981 The prosecutors of Socrates and the political motive theory Thomas Patrick Kelly Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Intellectual History Commons, and the Political History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kelly, Thomas Patrick, "The prosecutors of Socrates and the political motive theory" (1981). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2692. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2689 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Thomas Patrick Kelly for the Master of Arts in History presented February 26, 1981. Title: The Prosecutors of Socrates and The Political Motive Theory. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS CO~rnITTEE: ~~varnos, Cha1rman Charles A. Le Guin Roderlc D1man This thesis presents a critical analysis of the histor- ical roles assigned to the prosecutors of Socrates by modern historians. Ancient sources relating to the trial and the principles involved, and modern renditions, especially those of John Burnet and A. E. Taylor, originators of the theory that the trial of Socrates was politically motivated, are critically 2 analyzed and examined. The thesis concludes that the political motive theory is not supported by the evidence on which it relies. THE PROSECUTORS OF SOCRATES AND THE POLITICAL MOTIVE THEORY by THOMAS PATRICK KELLY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in HISTORY Portland State University 1981 TO THE OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH: The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Thomas Patrick Kelly presented February 26, 1981.
    [Show full text]
  • The Family Connection of Alcibiades and Axiochus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:2 (1986:Summer) P.173
    STANLEY, PHILLIP V., The Family Connection of Alcibiades and Axiochus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:2 (1986:Summer) p.173 The Family Connection of Alcibiades and Axiochus Phillip V. Stanley LTHOUGH THE ANCESTRY of the Athenian general Alcibiades A III remains obscure for the sixth century, his genealogy is as­ sumed to be secure for the fifth. The descent of the family from Alcibiades I to Alcibiades IV has been reconstructed by Vander­ pool in the following way:l Alcibiades J2 I Cleinias I I Alcibiades II I I Axiochus Cleinias II I I I I Cleinias III Alcibiades III Cleinias IV I Alcibiades IV I E. Vanderpool, "The Ostracism of the Elder Alcibiades," Hesperia 21 (I952) 1-8, esp. 6. Cr. M. B. Wallace, "Early Greek Proxenoi," Phoenix 24 (I 970) 196f; 1. K. DAVIES, Athenian Propertied Families (Oxford 1971 [hereafter APF)) 10-12. According to Isoc. 16.25f (delivered by Alcibiades IV, son of the general), Alcibiades I, the ally of Cleisthenes when he expelled Hippias from Athens, was the great-grandfather (1TpO- 1Ta1T1To~) of Alcibiades III. The general difficulty stems from the apparent need to reduce the number of generations separating Alcibiades I from Alcibiades III, believed to be five: if the number is not reduced, Alcibiades I would actually be the great-great­ grandfather of the general. 2 Roman numerals are those assigned in PA and APF. These numerals will continue to be used even when homonyms are added to the family's genealogy. In order to avoid the confusion that might result if a major overhaul of the numerical system for this family were attempted, and to preserve the numerical descent established for the branch of the family to which Alcibiades III belongs, the newly identified individual will be assigned the next available Roman numeral, even though he may be earlier than an individual with the same name whose number is lower.
    [Show full text]
  • Lysias and the Date of Plato's Phaedrus by Spiro
    LYSIAS AND THE DATE OF PLATO'S PHAEDRUS BY SPIRO PANAGIOTOU It is generally accepted nowadays that the Phaedyus is a relatively late dialogue. Stylometric studies 1) and internal evidence 2) make almost certain that it was composed after the Republic. As to possible dates, Howland suggests 372 B. C. as the upper and 368 as the lower terminus 3). Hackforth rejects Howland's argument but accepts its general conclusions. Although very hesitant to give us a precise date, he ventures the guess of "37o B.C. or there- abouts" 4). Professor De Vries would prefer to bring the date a little forward to 369-67. But he also suggests that a "date between 366 and 362 is not excluded" 5). In this paper I wish to recommend 365 ?4 B.C. as the teyminus a quo for the composition of the Phaedyus. My discussion will center around the possible date for Lysias' death. In Section I I shall present a number of arguments which, taken together, make it virtually certain that Lysias is dead when Plato sits down to write the Phaedyus. I shall then offer in Section II some reasons for thinking that Lysias is alive up to the mid 36os. The consid- erations of Section II are admittedly problematic. However, I think it worth while to put them forth here. I Lysias must be dead when Plato sits down to compose the Phaedyus. There are at least three complementary reasons to 1) For results of stylometric studies cf. W. D. Ross, Plato's Theory of Ideas (Oxford 1953), 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Socrates and Democratic Athens: the Story of the Trial in Its Historical and Legal Contexts
    Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Socrates and democratic Athens: The story of the trial in its historical and legal contexts. Version 1.0 July 2006 Josiah Ober Princeton University Abstract: Socrates was both a loyal citizen (by his own lights) and a critic of the democratic community’s way of doing things. This led to a crisis in 339 B.C. In order to understand Socrates’ and the Athenian community’s actions (as reported by Plato and Xenophon) it is necessary to understand the historical and legal contexts, the democratic state’s commitment to the notion that citizens are resonsible for the effects of their actions, and Socrates’ reasons for preferring to live in Athens rather than in states that might (by his lights) have had substantively better legal systems. Written for the Cambridge Companion to Socrates. © Josiah Ober. [email protected] Socrates and democratic Athens: The story of the trial in its historical and legal contexts. (for Cambridge Companion to Socrates) Josiah Ober, Princeton University Draft of August 2004 In 399 B.C. the Athenian citizen Socrates, son of Sophroniscus of the deme (township) Alopece, was tried by an Athenian court on the charge of impiety (asebeia). He was found guilty by a narrow majority of the empanelled judges and executed in the public prison a few days later. The trial and execution constitute the best documented events in Socrates’ life and a defining moment in the relationship between Greek philosophy and Athenian democracy. Ever since, philosophers and historians have sought to
    [Show full text]
  • Greek, and Latin GREE 315 Advanced Greek Literature a TRIMESTER 1 2011 Trimester Dates: 28 February-2 July 2011
    SCHOOL OF ART HISTORY, CLASSICS, AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES Classics, Greek, and Latin GREE 315 Advanced Greek Literature A TRIMESTER 1 2011 Trimester Dates: 28 February-2 July 2011 TRIMESTER DATES Teaching dates: 28 February to 3 June 2011 Mid-trimester break: 18 April to 1 May 2011 Study week: 6 June to 10 June 2011 Examination/Assessment period: 10 June to 2 July 2011 NB: Students who enrol in this course must be able to attend an examination at the University at any time during the formal examination period. WITHDRAWAL DATES Information on withdrawals and refunds may be found at http://www.viCtoria.aC.nz/home/admisenrol/payments/withdrawlsrefunds.aspx Menelaos retrieving Helen after the sack of Troy, under the influence of Erōs, Louvre G424. *1* GREE 315 Course Handout 2011 1. Course Organization Lecturer: Dr. David Rosenbloom. Office: OK 516; Phone: 463-5478; e-mail: [email protected]; office hour W 3:00-4:00 and by appointment. Lecture Time and Place: 9:00-9:50, M, W, F; OK 524. Dates: classes take place from 28 Feb. through 3 June. 2. Learning Objectives and Content Course Delivery In this course there are 36 classes. The main task of each class is to translate the Greek texts set for the course. AdditiOnal infOrmatiOn Any further announcements concerning the course will be posted on Blackboard. Learning Objectives and COntent GREE 315 is a reading course in ancient Greek prose and poetry. Building on GREE 216, its aim is to refine students’ understanding of the morphology, grammar, and syntax of ancient Greek and to introduce them to the study of Greek prose and poetry by a close reading of selected texts.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century BC Athens by Christopher Scott Welser BA, Sw
    Dēmos and Dioikēsis: Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century B.C. Athens By Christopher Scott Welser B.A., Swarthmore College, 1994 M.A., University of Maryland, 1999 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. May, 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Christopher Scott Welser This dissertation by Christopher Scott Welser is accepted in its present form by the Department of Classics as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date________________ _______________________________________ Adele C. Scafuro, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date________________ _______________________________________ Alan L. Boegehold, Reader Date________________ _______________________________________ David Konstan, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date________________ _______________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Christopher Scott Welser was born in Romeo, Michigan in 1971. He attended Roeper City and Country School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and in 1994 he graduated from Swarthmore College, earning an Honors B.A. in Economics (his major) and Biology (his minor). After working for several years at public policy research firms in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, he decided to pursue the study of Classics, an interest of his since childhood. Upon earning an M.A. with Distinction in Latin and Greek from the University of Maryland at College Park in 1999, he enrolled in the Ph.D. program in Classics at Brown University. While working on his Ph.D., he spent two years as Seymour Fellow (2002-2003) and Capps Fellow (2004-2005) at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and participated in the summer program of the American Academy in Rome (2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Politics and Policy in Corinth 421-336 B.C. Dissertation
    POLITICS AND POLICY IN CORINTH 421-336 B.C. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by DONALD KAGAN, B.A., A.M. The Ohio State University 1958 Approved by: Adviser Department of History TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ................................................. 1 CHAPTER I THE LEGACY OF ARCHAIC C O R I N T H ....................7 II CORINTHIAN DIPLOMACY AFTER THE PEACE OF NICIAS . 31 III THE DECLINE OF CORINTHIAN P O W E R .................58 IV REVOLUTION AND UNION WITH ARGOS , ................ 78 V ARISTOCRACY, TYRANNY AND THE END OF CORINTHIAN INDEPENDENCE ............... 100 APPENDIXES .............................................. 135 INDEX OF PERSONAL N A M E S ................................. 143 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................... 145 AUTOBIOGRAPHY ........................................... 149 11 FOREWORD When one considers the important role played by Corinth in Greek affairs from the earliest times to the end of Greek freedom it is remarkable to note the paucity of monographic literature on this key city. This is particular­ ly true for the classical period wnere the sources are few and scattered. For the archaic period the situation has been somewhat better. One of the first attempts toward the study of Corinthian 1 history was made in 1876 by Ernst Curtius. This brief art­ icle had no pretensions to a thorough investigation of the subject, merely suggesting lines of inquiry and stressing the importance of numisihatic evidence. A contribution of 2 similar score was undertaken by Erich Wilisch in a brief discussion suggesting some of the problems and possible solutions. This was followed by a second brief discussion 3 by the same author.
    [Show full text]
  • The Regime of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317–307
    Th e Regime of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317–307 BCE Mnemosyne Supplements History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity Edited by Susan E. Alcock, Brown University Th omas Harrison, Liverpool Willem M. Jongman, Groningen H.S. Versnel, Leiden VOLUME 318 Th e Regime of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317–307 BCE A Philosopher in Politics By Lara O’Sullivan LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 On the cover: Detail of the Parthenon. Photo: Author. Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data O’Sullivan, Lara. Th e rule of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317-307 B.C. : a philosopher in politics / by Lara O’Sullivan. p. cm. — (Mnemosyne supplements. History and archaeology of classical antiquity, ISSN 0169-8958 ; v. 318) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17888-5 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Demetrius, of Phaleron, b. ca. 350 B.C. 2. Demetrius, of Phaleron, b. ca. 350 B.C.—Political and social views. 3. Governors—Greece—Athens—Biography. 4. Statesmen—Greece—Athens— Biography. 5. Orators—Greece—Athens—Biography. 6. Philosophers, Ancient— Biography. 7. Athens (Greece)—Politics and government. 8. Philosophy, Ancient. 9. Athens (Greece)—Relations—Macedonia. 10. Macedonia—Relations—Greece— Athens. I. Title. II. Series. DF235.48.D455O87 2009 938’.508092—dc22 [B] 2009033560 ISSN 0169-8958 ISBN 978 90 04 17888 5 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Th e Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Περίληψη : Spartan Admiral of the Peloponnesian Fleet During 411- 410 B.C
    IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Ντόουσον Μαρία - Δήμητρα Μετάφραση : Ντόουσον Μαρία-Δήμητρα , Καμάρα Αφροδίτη Για παραπομπή : Ντόουσον Μαρία - Δήμητρα , "Mindarus", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=8209> Περίληψη : Spartan admiral of the Peloponnesian Fleet during 411- 410 B.C. He transferred the ships from Miletus to the Hellespont in order to ensure the cooperation of the satrap Pharnavazus and to hinder the Athenians’grain supply from the northern coast of the Black Sea. He was defeated near Cynossema followed by a defeat near Abydus. In the spring of 410 B.C. Mindarus suffered the ultimate defeat from Alcibiades during the Cyzicus naval battle when he was killed. Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης 5th c. BC - Sparta Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου 410 BC – Cyzicus Κύρια Ιδιότητα Admiral 1. Introduction Mindarus was an admiral of the Peloponnesian Fleet during the Ionian War in the period 411 – 419 B.C. The main sources of information with regard to his activity are ancient authors, mainly Thucydides, Xenophon and Diodorus and it is almost exclusively confined to his military activity in the area of the Hellespont. 2. Biography In 411 B.C. Mindarus succeeded Astyochus as admiral of the Peloponnesian Fleet in Miletus. Discontented however from satrap Tissaphernes’attitude who did not keep his promise to reinforce the Spartan fleet with Phoenician ships, he headed accompanied by 73 ships towards the Hellespont, with the intention of accepting the proposal of Pharnabazus, the Persian satrap of Daskyleion, to instigate a rebellion of the coastal cities under Athenian rule which formerly belonged to the satrapy of Pharnabazus.
    [Show full text]
  • Topics in Lysistrata
    References in Lysistrata Old Comedy was a highly topical genre and the playwright expected his audience to be familiar with local identities and issues. The following list of identities mentioned in the play gives some indication of the difficulty faced by any producer trying to stage Lysistrata for modern audiences. Aeschylus: The tragic poet is mentioned briefly as the source of a ferocious oath that Lysistrata proposes to her comrades, in which a shield is to be filled with blood; the oath is found in Seven Against Thebes. Aristogeiton: A famous tyrannicide, he is mentioned briefly here with approval by the Old Men. Artemisia: A female ruler of Ionia, famous for her participation in the naval Battle of Salamis, she is mentioned by the Old Men with awe as a kind of Amazon. Bupalus: A sculptor who is known to have made a caricature of the satirist Hipponax. He is mentioned here briefly by the Old Men in reference to their own desire to assault rebellious women. Cimon: An Athenian commander, mentioned here by Lysistrata in connection with the Spartan king Pericleides who had once requested and obtained Athenian help in putting down a revolt by helots. Cleisthenes: A notoriously effete (degenerate) homosexual and the butt of many jokes in Old Comedy, he receives two mentions here, firstly as a suspected mediator between the Spartans and the Athenian women and secondly as someone that sex-starved Athenian men are beginning to consider a viable proposition. Cleomenes I: A Spartan king, who is mentioned by the Old Men in connection with the heroism of ordinary Athenians in resisting Spartan interference in their politics.
    [Show full text]