5 Musikk Og Bilde Som Fellesestetisk Uttrykk

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5 Musikk Og Bilde Som Fellesestetisk Uttrykk jk Sammendrag Oppgaven viser hvordan dagens populærmusikalske konserter ofte består av sceneshow der live musikk kombineres med medierte visualiseringer. Filmsekvenser, bildecollager, animasjoner og datagenererte bilder preger formidlingen og gjør konserten audiovisuell. Jeg har tatt utgangspunkt i et utvalg konsertopplevelser – og bilder, filmer og notater fra disse - og analysert hvordan samvirket mellom lyd og bilder endrer opplevelsesdimensjonen. Analysene er drøftet i forhold til teori om sammensatte uttrykksformer fra relatert populærkultur, for eksempel musikkvideo og filmmusikk. Analysene håndteres fra to innfallsvinkler. I den ene drøftes de fellesestetiske kvalitetene i uttrykksformene og hvordan opplevelsen av musikk og bilder ”passer” til hverandre. Den andre peker på hvordan bildebruken endrer forutsetningene for meningsdannelse i konserten, og viser hvordan mening oppstår i en veksling mellom øye- blikk og forløp, basert på innholdssegmentene i det audiovisuelle forholdet. Praksisen gjør skillet mellom live og medierte formidlingsformer utydelig. Den trekker konsertrepresentasjo- nen i to retninger, der det er relevant å spørre om den tilhører en opplevelsesbasert, kommersiell industri, eller er uttrykk for en sammensatt kunstopplevelse. Visualiseringene utgjør uansett en synlig forskjell i formidlingen som ser ut til å understreke opplevelsesdimensjonen i konserten som en hensikt i seg selv. Abstract In this paper I show how the popular music concerts often contains combinations of live music and mediatized visuals. Film sequences, collages, animations and computer generated pictures characterize the expression of the concerts, and make the event audiovisual. Based on a selection from my own concert experiences – and photos, film clips and notes from these - I analyze the cooperation between music and images to see how different dimensions in the experience may change. The analysis is discussed in relation to theories of other audiovisual expressions, from related popular culture to music video and film. The thesis deals with the analysis from two different angles. The first examines mutual aesthetical qualities in the audiovisual expression, and shows how the experience of music and visuals match each other. Secondly, it discusses how the use of visuals change the conditions for interpreting meaning in the concert, as this happens in an alternation of moments and progress, depending on the contents of the audiovisual relationship. The practice blurs the distinction between live and mediatized happenings, and drags the representation in two directions where a question of whether the concert belongs to an industry of commercial experiences, or is a complex experience of art, is adequate. The images constitute a visual ’difference which makes a difference’, and makes the dimensions of experience to be taken as an important intention of the concert expression itself. i ii Forord: en flyktig verkpresentasjon? En masteroppgave er en prosess, sier alle. Visst har de rett i det. Denne har blitt til i en veksling mellom mange øyeblikk som til sammen dannet et forløp. Det var nesten som en montasje av tablåer der hver dag i et par år til sammen utgjorde en skrivende dramaturgi av lærerike hendelser, oppslukende temaer og flerdimensjonale karakterer. Oppgaven ble en fortelling om konsertopplevelser jeg oppsøker fordi jeg liker dem. Nå forstår jeg kanskje også hvorfor. Jeg trenger ikke revidere narrativitetsbegrepet for å si det. Det er uansett fint at det ”passer” å være ferdig, selv om det ikke var opplevelsen i seg selv som var hensikten med oppgaven – slik det er med konsertene. Men la meg avløse fokuset og takke. Takk til Arnt Maasø for multimediert veiledning (H/V-06 og V-07) med klaps på skuldra, entusiasme og gode svar om oppgaven, livet og kjærligheten. Ikke minst fordi man alltid kan spørre! Også takk til veiledningsgruppa for tverrfaglig blikk og nye perspektiver. Takk til Anette Therese Pettersen, Victoria Marie Evensen og Per Ole Hagen for spissfindigheter og hjelpende korrektur. Takk til Sirka Ragnar for bidrag og bilder, og Tobias Gausemel Backe og Alma Nedrelid for bilder. Livet er en sammensatt uttrykksform. Takk til alle som var der da jeg tryna og jubla da jeg stod igjen. Det hadde ikke gått uten. Familien, venner som jeg kjenner, Falbes, Herslebs, trillingsjel, den lille jenta, Kebbelife og alle lysende stuer langt borte i fjellmørket. Forøvrig Rosebud, kakemandag, kaffedeal, tirsdagsutflukt, dagens suppe, Det Norske Instituttet i Roma, pengestøtte til London, Maren Moen, Kristin i resepsjonen og alle medstudenter som medvirket som audiovisuelt innhold i en hyggelig studiehverdag på IMK. Før og etter masteroppgaven er jeg cirka den samme selv om forordet er preget av oppgavens terminologi. Etter mange år i akademia kjennes det likevel godt med svulstige floskler, og ironisk nok viser også forordet at det finnes store sannheter i de gode klisjeene. Når siste punktum for studietiden skal settes, er det altså ting som har skjedd. For meg utgjør denne oppgaven den synlige forskjellen. Anja Nylund Hagen, Oslo, April 2007 iii Innhold Forord: en flyktig verkpresentasjon?..................................................................................... iii 1 Innledning .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Problemstilling og begrunnelse ...............................................................................1 1.2 Avgrensninger.........................................................................................................4 1.2.1 Den audiovisuelle konserten............................................................................4 1.2.2 Visualiseringer ................................................................................................5 1.2.3 Populærmusikalske konserter ..........................................................................6 1.2.4 Om oppgavens struktur....................................................................................7 2 Bakgrunn og teoretisk plattform..................................................................................9 2.1 Estetisering og monitoring ......................................................................................9 2.2 Monitoring: tilgjengelighet og kommunikasjon .......................................................9 2.3 Konsertens ontologi og autentisitet........................................................................11 2.4 Konserten som multimedia....................................................................................14 2.5 Teoriplattform.......................................................................................................16 2.6 Flerdimensjonal dramaturgi...................................................................................17 3 Historie........................................................................................................................21 3.1 Grunnlaget for multimedia ....................................................................................21 3.2 Et visuelt orientert publikum – fjernsyn og nærhet ................................................23 3.3 Psykedelisk kunst og populærkultur ......................................................................24 3.4 Musikkvideo og teknologi.....................................................................................25 3.5 Multimedia som standard ......................................................................................27 4 Metodevalg og grunnlagsproblemer ..........................................................................31 4.1 Estetisk kommunikasjon og tekstanalyse...............................................................31 4.2 Empiri...................................................................................................................32 4.3 Utvalg...................................................................................................................32 4.4 Dokumentasjon av en hendelse..............................................................................34 4.5 Abduktiv metode og hermeneutikk........................................................................36 5 Musikk og bilde som fellesestetisk uttrykk ................................................................39 5.1 Tekstur..................................................................................................................41 5.2 Synestesi og kvasisynestesi ...................................................................................43 5.3 Anaphoner ............................................................................................................46 5.4 Analyse og diskusjon ............................................................................................47 5.5 Synkrese ...............................................................................................................50 5.6 Felles tekstur i tempo ............................................................................................54 v 5.7 Synliggjøring av musikkens tid .............................................................................56 6 Audiovisuell meningsdannelse....................................................................................61 6.1 Revidering av narrativitetsbegrepet .......................................................................61 6.2 Strukturelt utgangspunkt: Øyeblikk og forløp........................................................63
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