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IDAHO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP 43 MOSCOW-BOISE-POCATELLO LEWIS AND OTHERS

GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE SIXMILE CREEK QUADRANGLE, CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS

Surficial Intrusive CLEARWATER, AND LEWIS, COUNTIES, IDAHO Deposits Basalt Group Rocks

Qal HOLOCENE QUATERNARY

Qls Qtg Reed S. Lewis, John D. Kauffman, Keegan L. Schmidt, and Russell F. Burmester PLEISTOCENE unconformity

2006 Saddle Mountains Basalt Tcsc 50 Qls Tcsc Twe VC78-289 75 30 IDSM-5 Taw CENOZOIC 70 Tpr 80 Wanapum d 45 Twe Tprd 65 Basalt 55 Taw A’ Tprd MIOCENE TERTIARY KJqd Grand Ronde 55 KJqd Basalt KJqd VC78-291 35 75 Qtg 65 Tgn1 Tprd 50 50 Tgr1 45 55 Imnaha 55 Qls Basalt 70 80 Tim 20 Twe 80 85 unconformity

65 Kbt Kpeg Ktr Kbt KJpeg CRETACEOUS VC78-320 60 Kpeg KJqd MESOZOIC JURASSIC 65

25 70 Kbt 35-55 IDSM-4 Kbt Twe 76 Kpeg 60 20 similar in both major oxide and trace elements to Pomona Member near 55 INTRODUCTION SYMBOLS Lewiston (Swanson and others, 1979a) and included in the Pomona Member Tgn 1 NI-8 80 by Camp (1981). Kauffman (2004) suggests the two units may not be coeval Qal The geologic map of the Sixmile Creek quadrangle is based largely on field Qal on the basis of paleomagnetic directions, although a K/Ar age determination Contact: dashed where approximately located. work completed in the summer of 2002, but includes reconnaissance basalt Tgn1 for the Weippe of 12.9 ± 0.8 Ma (Kauffman, 2004) is not significantly different 60 45 85 mapping and sampling in the area from 1978 to 1980 (Swanson and others, Fault: dashed where approximately located; dotted where concealed. Kpeg from the 12 Ma K/Ar age reported for the Pomona Member by McKee and KJqd Tgn 1979a; Camp, 1981). Mapping of prebasalt basement rocks was supplemented 1 others (1977). Consists of one flow generally less than 100 feet thick. with previous work by Hietanen (1962) in the northern part of the quadrangle Fold axis. 55 Commonly weathers to saprolite. Overlies Taw unit north of Lolo Creek, but 75 Twe 30 and reconnaissance mapping by Paul Myers (written commun., 1999) along rests on Tgn1 west of the Clearwater River. Pinches out against Grande Ronde Syncline. Twe 40 the Clearwater River. Lee (2001, 2004) conducted a geochemical study of Basalt along a northwest-trending structural uplift in the west-central and basement rocks in Clearwater County. Alluvial and landslide deposit Anticline. southeast parts of the quadrangle. 60 descriptions were taken in part from Othberg and others (2003). 60 Monocline: shorter arrow indicates steeper dips. Asotin Member and Wilbur Creek Member, undivided (Miocene)—Fine- Basalt units were identified using hand sample characteristics, paleomagnetic Taw Qls grained basalt with scattered plagioclase phenocrysts 1-5 mm in length, and 52 75 and geochemical signatures, and data from previous work. Representative Strike and dip of foliation. a few olivine phenocrysts about 1 mm in diameter. Upper parts of flows Twe 50 62 samples of most basalt units were collected for analysis. These samples commonly very vesicular, with abundant small spherical vesicles, commonly Strike and dip of primary flow foliation. supplemented previous ones collected by V.E. Camp (written commun., 85 10 with a pale bluish coating. Both members have normal magnetic polarity. 2002). Our sample locations and those of Camp are identified on the map Occurs only in the northeast corner of the map. One or two flows with a 30 Strike and dip of foliation in narrow discrete zones. 83 and analyses are listed in Table 1; these were performed at State 45 total thickness of about 200 feet. University’s GeoAnalytical Laboratory. Analyses of Lee’s (2001) basement Strike of vertical foliation. rock samples are reproduced with permission in Table 2. Additional Kpeg Wanapum Basalt IDSM-3 geochemical data are available in Lee (2004). Mineral modifiers are listed Strike and dip of mylonitic foliation. 74 Ktr 75 80 in increasing order of abundance for both intrusive and metamorphic rocks. Priest Rapids Member dikes (Miocene)—Several basalt dikes occur in an 50 Tprd Approximate strike and dip of basalt flows visually estimated from Kbt Grain sizes of unconsolidated and consolidated sediments are classified on unnamed drainage north of Fivemile Creek along the narrow county road 20 slope of upland surfaces or from flow boundaries on canyon walls. Twe the Wentworth scale (Wentworth, 1922). from Greer to the upper reaches of Fivemile Creek and along a tributary to 82 30 VC78-364 56 Sixmile Creek. These dikes, mapped and sampled by Camp in 1978 and Strike and dip of fracture cleavage in narrow discrete zones. 02JK646 Ktr DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS 1979 and found to have Priest Rapids chemistry (see Table 1), were not 80 VC79-695 Kpeg examined in detail during this project. The Priest Rapids Member has reverse Strike of vertical cleavage in narrow discrete zones. magnetic polarity. QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 65 Bearing and plunge of lineation, type unknown. 35 57 50 Grande Ronde Basalt 67 50 15 Alluvial deposits (Holocene)—Stream alluvium. Mapped at several islands in Bearing and plunge of mylonitic lineation. Tgn 80 KJpeg 1 89 the Clearwater River and at one location on upper Fivemile Creek. Island Tgn Grande Ronde Basalt, N magnetostratigraphic unit (Miocene)—Mostly Kbt 1 1 50 45 Qal sediments are primarily coarse channel gravels deposited during high-energy fine-grained, dark gray to black, aphyric to plagioclase-microphyric basalt. Bearing and plunge of small fold axis. 59 35 KJpeg Twe stream flow and consist of subrounded to rounded pebbles, cobbles, and However, uppermost flows are commonly medium gray and medium grained, IDSM-1 Quartz vein. 48 55 45 boulders in a sand matrix. Deposits on upper Fivemile Creek are similar but with plagioclase phenocrysts 2-5 mm long, or fine grained but with a sugary 45 finer grained. texture and diktytaxitic in places. Normal magnetic polarity. Flows range in 02RL802 Sample location and number. 60 thickness from about 50 feet to several hundred feet. Thin flows are 87 86 Qls Landslide and slump deposits (Pleistocene-Holocene)—Poorly sorted and poorly characterized by large stocky columns grading upward into vesicular tops 0.7033 Initial Sr/ Sr ratio (from Criss and Fleck, 1987). 80 stratified angular basalt fragments mixed with silt and clay. Landslide deposits commonly with crude columnar structure. Thick flows have a lower colonnade IDSM-2 include debris slides as well as blocks of basalt and sedimentary interbeds with columns 2-5 feet in diameter and above that an abrupt change to a 818-11F that have been rotated and have moved downslope. Some may result from blocky, hackly thick entablature that becomes vesicular near the top. REFERENCES 0.7033 slumping of unmapped Latah Formation sediments. Entablature of one flow or series of flows forms cliffs along upper canyon walls. Probably two to four flows with a total thickness of 400-500 feet. Camp, V.E., 1981, Geologic studies of the : Part II: Upper 82 Terrace gravel deposits (Pleistocene-Holocene)—Mostly stream alluvium but Qtg Miocene basalt distribution, reflecting source locations, tectonism, and 72 may include some slope-wash and fan deposits. Differs from Qal only in its 02JK649 Tgr Grande Ronde Basalt, R1 magnetostratigraphic unit (Miocene)—Typically drainage history in the Clearwater embayment, Idaho: Geological Society location on terraces that are well above river level. Primarily coarse channel 1 Twe dense, dark gray to black, fine- to very fine-grained aphyric to microphyric of America Bulletin, Part I, v. 92, p. 669-678. gravels deposited during high-energy stream flow. Subrounded to rounded basalt. Less commonly medium grained with scattered small plagioclase Criss, R.E., and R.J. Fleck, 1987, Petrogenesis, geochronology, and hydrothermal Qls pebbles, cobbles, and boulders in a sand matrix. Includes intercalated KJqd phenocrysts. Reverse magnetic polarity, although field magnetometer readings alteration systems of the northern Idaho batholith and adjacent areas based colluvium and debris-flow deposits from steep side slopes. commonly inconsistent and weak. Flows with thick entablatures form steep on 18O/16O, D/H, 87Sr/86Sr, and 40Ar/39Ar studies, in T.L. Vallier and H.C. Kpeg slopes or cliffs 100-200 feet high. A thickness of about 600 feet occurs in 56 Brooks, eds., Geology of the Blue Mountains Region of Oregon, Idaho, and COLUMBIA RIVER BASALT GROUP Sixmile Creek, but the base of the sequence is not exposed. Forms irregular Tgr1 Qls 53 36 Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1436, p. 95-138. 61 contact with underlying intrusive rocks. Many of the mapped landslides Hietanen, Anna, 1962, Metasomatic metamorphism in western Clearwater Tgn1 The stratigraphic nomenclature for the Columbia River Basalt Group follows (Qls) in this unit may originate on unmapped interbedded sediments of the County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 344-A, 113 p., 59 that of Swanson and others (1979b) and used in Reidel and Hooper (1989). Latah Formation. scale 1:48,000. Qls In Idaho, the group is divided into four formations. From oldest to youngest, Kauffman, J.D., 2004, Geologic map of the Gifford quadrangle, Qls these are the Imnaha Basalt, Grande Ronde Basalt, Wanapum Basalt, and Imnaha Basalt (Miocene)—Interpreted to be present at depth as illustrated in Tim County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Geologic Map 36, scale 1:24,000. 61 Saddle Mountains Basalt. Imnaha Basalt does not crop out but is inferred cross section. Exposures of Imnaha Basalt to the west in the Clearwater River Lee, Robert, 2001, Petrologic and field analysis of a tonalite-trondhjemite Qls 29 to underlie R Grande Ronde Basalt in the southwest part of the quadrangle. canyon consist of medium- to coarse-grained, sparsely to abundantly 1 intrusion in accreted terrain in Clearwater County, Idaho: Washington State Kpeg 47 Grande Ronde Basalt, from oldest to youngest, has been subdivided into the plagioclase-phyric basalt. 50 University, undergraduate senior thesis, 20 p. informal R , N , R , and N magnetostratigraphic units (Swanson and others, 62 1 1 2 2 Lee, R.G., 2004, The geochemistry, stable isotopic composition, and U-Pb Qls 1979b). Of these, only basalts of the R and N units were identified in the Tprd 1 1 INTRUSIVE ROCKS geochronology of tonalite trondhjemites within the accreted terrane near map area. Grande Ronde Basalt is well exposed in the Sixmile Creek drainage, Greer, north-central Idaho: Washington State University M.S. thesis, 132 p. VC79-064 60 but upland surfaces generally have poor and weathered exposures. The only Kpeg Pegmatite dikes (Cretaceous)—Dikes of pegmatite mapped only locally. They 39 Lewis, R.S., J.D. Kauffman, K.L. Schmidt, and P.E. Myers, 2005, Geologic map 61 Wanapum Basalt unit in the map area is the Priest Rapids Member, which are typified by coarse plagioclase, quartz, and muscovite grains (Lee, 2001). 44 3 of the Woodland quadrangle, Clearwater, Idaho, and Lewis counties, Idaho: 65 occurs as dikes cutting intrusive rocks. Saddle Mountains Basalt units, from Idaho Geological Survey Geologic Map 44, scale 1:24,000. oldest to youngest, are undivided flows of the Asotin Member and Wilbur Kbt Biotite-muscovite trondhjemite (Cretaceous)—Medium-grained, equigranular biotite-muscovite trondhjemite (leucocratic oligoclase-bearing quartz diorite McKee, E.H., D.A. Swanson, and T.L. Wright, 1977, Duration and volume of Qls Creek Member, the basalt of Weippe, and undivided flows of the basalt of Tgr1 74 53 Columbia River Basalt volcanism, Washington, Oregon and Idaho [abs.]: Swamp Creek and the basalt of Craigmont. Although unmapped, some and tonalite). Generally massive. Contains 2-5 percent muscovite, 3-10 56 12 66 Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 4, p. 463- 56 percent biotite, 1-3 percent epidote, and minor amounts of magnetite and Qls 39 67 85 sediments of the Latah Formation may be locally interbedded in the basalt garnet. Unit has higher SiO2 content (about 75 percent) than the Kbt unit 464. 22 Qal sequence, especially in areas of landslide deposits. 76 (68-72 percent; Table 2). Intrudes KJqd; zircons from a sample collected Othberg, K.L., D.W. Weisz, and R.M. Breckenridge, 2003, Surficial geologic Qls Saddle Mountains Basalt along the Clearwater River have been dated by the laser-ablation ICPMS U- map of the Sixmile Creek quadrangle, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Digital 81 69 Web Map 15, scale 1:24,000. 74 Pb method at 115.7 ± 2.7 Ma (Lee, 2004). Basalt of Craigmont and basalt of Swamp Creek, undivided (Miocene) — Reidel, S.P., and P.R. Hooper, eds., 1989, Volcanism and tectonism in the 26 Tcsc Undifferentiated on the geologic map because of the similarity in chemical Ktr Biotite tonalite (Cretaceous)—Medium-grained, massive to foliated, equigranular Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Tgr signatures, close physical association, and the scarcity of outcrops. Projected biotite tonalite. Grades into muscovite-biotite tonalite toward the contact Paper 239, 386 p. 1 58 KJqd into the northeast corner of the map from adjoining quadrangles where it with Ktr (muscovitic zone shown with pattern on map). Contains 0-3 percent Swanson, D.A., J.L. Anderson, R.D. Bentley, G.R. Byerly, V.E. Camp, J.N. Gardner, 22 caps Twe unit. The following unit descriptions are from those quadrangles. muscovite, 5-10 percent biotite, and 0-3 percent epidote. The epidote is and T.L. Wright, 1979a, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Columbia River interpreted as magmatic by Lee (2001, 2004), and some is cored by allanite. Basalt Group in eastern Washington and northern Idaho: U.S. Geological Qls Basalt of Craigmont—Fine- to medium-grained phyric basalt, common Lee (2001, 2004) reported deformed plagioclase twinning and quartz Survey Open-File Report 79-1363, 26 p., sheet 8 of 12. plagioclase phenocrysts 2-5 mm in length, rarely 7-10 mm; scattered to recrystallization. Zircons from a sample of the muscovite-bearing phase Swanson, D.A., T.L. Wright, P.R. Hooper, and R.D. Bentley, 1979b, Revisions uncommon olivine about 1 mm in diameter; some manganese(?) oxide collected along the Clearwater River have been dated by the laser-ablation in stratigraphic nomenclature of the Columbia River Basalt Group: U.S. cavity filling. Normal magnetic polarity, although some field magnetometer ICPMS U-Pb method at 119.1 ± 1.5 Ma (Lee, 2004). Geological Survey Bulletin 1457-G, 59 p. readings inconsistent. Outcrops uncommon and generally poorly exposed. Wentworth, C.K., 1922, A scale of grade class terms for clastic sediments: Journal Probably consists of one flow with a thickness of 50-150 feet. Commonly KJpeg Pegmatite dikes (Jurassic or Cretaceous)—Dikes of pegmatite mapped only of Geology, v. 30, no. 5, p. 377-392. weathers to red-brown saprolite. locally within the KJqd unit.

Qls Basalt of Swamp Creek—Medium- to coarse-grained basalt with common KJqd Quartz diorite (Jurassic or Cretaceous)—Medium- to coarse-grained, equigranular, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS plagioclase phenocrysts as long as 10 mm and olivine phenocrysts a massive to foliated quartz diorite. Invariably hornblende-bearing (5-25 Tgr1 few millimeters in diameter. Normal magnetic polarity, although some percent); biotite generally subordinate (0-12 percent). Also contains epidote We thank the many landowners in the area for access to their property and VC78-366 field magnetometer readings inconsistent. Probably fills structural and (0-4 percent) and trace amounts of sphene and apatite. Lee (2001) reported the Nez Perce Tribe for access to its land. An unpublished undergraduate erosional depressions on older units. Thickness not determined, but that the unit has a low SiO2 content (about 59 percent) and high K2O content thesis project at Washington State University was kindly provided by Robert probably less than 75 feet. Commonly weathers to red-orange or red- (1.18 percent) relative to the Kbt and Ktr units (Table 2). Initial 87Sr/86Sr values Lee (written commun., 2001). Discussions and field trips with John H. Bush brown saprolite. are low (sample 818-11F = 0.7033; Criss and Fleck, 1987). Age of quartz and Dean L. Garwood were especially helpful in developing the regional diorite south of the Ktr pluton is probably Jurassic based on a 157 Ma U- geological setting and interpreting the geological structure of the basalt units. Twe Basalt of Weippe (Miocene)—Medium- to coarse-grained basalt with some Pb date in the adjoining Woodland quadrangle (Lewis and others, 2005). V.E. Camp kindly provided copies of his field notes and maps of the area small plagioclase phenocrysts; abundant olivine crystals and clots, generally Age of quartz diorite in the northeast corner of the map along Lolo Creek and gave permission to publish his sample analyses. Review and comments visible to the naked eye. Reverse magnetic polarity, although field is less certain and may be as young as Cretaceous. by Stephen P. Reidel and William C. McClelland are greatly appreciated. A magnetometer readings are commonly conflicting and weak. Chemically

Tgn1 Table 1. Major oxide and trace element chemistry for basalt samples collected in the Sixmile Creek quadrangle

Twe Major elements in weight percent Trace elements in parts per million Twe Sample Map number Latitude Longitude Unit name unit SiO2 Al2O3 TiO2 FeO* MnO CaO MgO K2OPNa2O 2O5 Ni Cr Sc V Ba Rb Sr Zr Y Nb Ga Cu Zn Pb La Ce Th

02JK646 46.3338 -116.2437Grande Ronde N1 Tgn1 55.97 14.16 2.321 10.40 0.186 7.78 3.99 1.53 3.25 0.410 10 24 46 366 687 37 360 176 42 12.9 23 23 132 5 33 44 5 Tgn1 1-2 02JK649 46.3183 -116.1933Weippe Twe 51.40 14.48 1.842 11.15 0.192 10.88 6.70 0.55 2.55 0.237 34 67 37 281 337 10 240 128 31 13.5 18 59 95 1 20 19 2

**VC78-289 46.3734 -116.1842Priest Rapids dike Tprd 49.94 14.05 3.16 13.88 0.24 9.11 5.15 1.11 2.52 0.65 **VC78-291 46.3687 -116.1879Priest Rapids dike Tpr 49.40 14.36 3.08 14.72 0.23 8.83 5.16 1.06 2.31 0.65 Tgn1 d

**VC78-320 46.3608 -116.2478Grande Ronde N1 Tgn1 54.84 15.20 2.25 11.04 0.21 7.98 3.67 1.49 2.76 0.36 **VC78-364 46.3342 -116.2418 56.00 15.90 2.25 9.39 0.16 7.57 3.84 1.54 2.81 0.35 Grande Ronde N1 Tgn1

**VC78-366 46.2807 -116.2207Grande Ronde N1 Tgn1 53.30 14.82 2.14 13.10 0.23 7.83 3.86 1.47 2.70 0.35 **VC79-064 46.3048 -116.1507 49.65 14.43 3.10 13.94 0.24 9.34 5.02 1.12 2.29 0.66 Priest Rapids dike Tprd **VC79-067 46.2522 -116.1314Weippe Twe 51.19 15.16 1.81 11.35 0.21 10.89 6.20 0.45 2.30 0.23 Twe **VC79-695 46.3328 -116.1976Weippe Twe 51.95 15.93 1.89 10.06 0.18 11.18 5.46 0.44 2.47 0.23 *Major elements are normalized on a volatile-free basis, with total Fe expressed as FeO. VC79-067 **Samples collected by V. Camp, 1978. Analytical results used with permission (Camp, written commun., 2002). All analyses performed at Washington State University GeoAnalytical Laboratory, Pullman, Washington.

Tgn1 Table 2. Major oxide and trace element chemistry for intrusive rock samples collected in the Sixmile Creek quadrangle

Base map scanned from USGS film-positive base, 1994. Field work conducted 2002. Major elements in weight percent Trace elements in parts per million MN SCALE 1:24,000 Topography by photogrammetric methods from aerial photographs taken This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Sample Map 1 0.5 0 1 1966. Revised from aerial photographs taken 1990. Partial field check by US Geologic Mapping Program. number Latitude Longitude Rock name unit SiO Al O TiO FeO* MnO CaO MgO K OPNa O O Total Ni Cr Sc V Ba Rb Sr Zr Y Nb Ga Cu Zn Pb La Ce Th GN MILE 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 5 Forest Service 1994. FEET Reviewed by Stephen P. Reidel, Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory IDSM1 46.3271 -116.1414 Biotite-muscovite trondhjemite KJtr 75.49 15.20 0.024 0.45 0.061 2.00 0.13 0.91 5.52 0.063 99.85 7 0 4 10 641 13 427 31 6 1.9 14 11127 7 190 1927 North American Datum. 0o 35 17o30 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 and William C. McClellen, Geological Sciences, University of Idaho. IDSM2 46.3233 -116.1399 Quartz diorite KJqd 58.71 18.22 0.622 5.95 0.130 6.97 3.13 1.17 4.03 0.181 99.11 14 20 21 125 30 23 614 104 17 3.0 18 45 70 3 4 35 1 Projection and 10,000-foot grid ticks based on Idaho coordinate system, west KILOMETER Digital cartography by B. Benjamin E. Studer, Jane S. Freed, and zone. 1 0.5 0 1 Loudon R. Stanford at the Idaho Geological Survey’s Digital Mapping Lab. IDSM3 46.3386 -116.1494 Biotite-muscovite trondhjemite KJtr 74.98 15.41 0.047 0.59 0.016 2.78 0.22 0.57 5.39 0.026 100.03 8 0 4 3 425 9 669 36 2 0.8 12 13 16 5 6 14 0 1000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid ticks, zone 11. Contour interval 40 feet IDAHO Map edited by Roger C. Stewart. Supplementary contour interval 20 feet IDSM4 46.3579 -116.1650 Biotite tonalite KJbt 71.80 17.09 0.138 0.91 0.010 4.11 0.33 0.39 5.31 0.042 100.13 6 2 3 14 224 8 892 75 1 0.0 12 14 12 2 0 14 1 National geodetic vertical datum of 1929. UTM Grid and 1994 Magnetic North Note on printing: The map is reproduced at a high resolution of 600 dots per Declination at Center of Map QUADRANGLE LOCATION inch. The inks are resistant to run but not to the fading caused by long-term IDSM5 46.3741 -116.1766 Biotite tonalite KJbt 68.14 18.00 0.238 2.44 0.023 4.22 0.81 0.81 5.36 0.161 100.20 8 4 6 29 452 15 846 104 2 1.2 17 7 44 4 7 24 2 exposure to light. NI-8 46.3537 -116.1616 Biotite tonalite (transition zone)** KJbt 68.51 17.64 0.229 2.04 0.034 3.78 0.77 0.83 5.81 0.122 99.77 8 4 4 32 498 14 798 108 2 2193424600 PDF map (Acrobat Reader) may be viewed at www.idahogeology.org. *Total Fe expressed as FeO. Map version 5-30-200. Samples IDSM1-4 collected by Robert Lee; sample NI-8 collected by Peter Larson. Data reprinted with permission from undergraduate thesis by Lee (2001). Additional data available in Lee (2004). **Sample NI-8 assigned to trondhjemite unit by Lee (2001), but locality is within our biotite tonalite unit (muscovite-bearing transition zone). All analyses performed in 2001 at Washington State University GeoAnalytical Laboratory, Pullman, Washington. A A’ 4,000 4,000

Twe Twe Twe Twe 3,000 Tgn Qls 3,000 1 Tgn1 Taw Tgn1 Clearwater River Lolo Creek Tgr1 Tgr 1 FEET 2,000 Kbt 2,000 FEET Tim? Tim? Kpeg KJqd

1,000 1,000 gneissic Ktr Kbt gneissic KJqd? KJqd? Kbt foliation foliation

0 0

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