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Management and Control of Asian Carps in the United States

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Management and Control of Asian Carps in the United States ManagementManagement andand ControlControl ofof AsianAsian CarpsCarps inin thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates GregGreg ConoverConover AsianAsian CarpCarp WorkingWorking Group,Group, ChairChair USFWS,USFWS, CartervilleCarterville FROFRO ‘‘AsianAsian CarpCarp’’ 77 carpscarps nativenative toto AsiaAsia introducedintroduced intointo U.S.U.S. AsianAsian carpscarps == bighead,bighead, black,black, grass,grass, silversilver carpscarps GoldfishGoldfish (1600(1600’’s),s), CommonCommon carpcarp (1800(1800’’s)s) CrucianCrucian carpcarp (1900(1900’’s)s) –– Chicago,Chicago, IllinoisIllinois Crucian Carp Sketch Courtesy of Matthew Thomas GrassGrass CarpCarp Sketch Courtesy of Matthew Thomas • Aquatic vegetation control • Live food fish markets USGS BlackBlack CarpCarp Sketch Courtesy of Matthew Thomas • Horseshoe Lake, Alexander County (2001) USFWS • Mississippi River, below Lock and Dam 22 (2004) BigheadBighead CarpCarp USFWS • Live food fish markets Sketch Courtesy of Matthew Thomas SilverSilver CarpCarp Sketch Courtesy of Matthew Thomas USFWS • Injurious Wildlife – Lacey Act (8/2007) InvasiveInvasive SpeciesSpecies TheThe lifelife historyhistory traitstraits ofof allall fourfour ofof thesethese speciesspecies indicatesindicates that,that, wherewhere established,established, thesethese fourfour speciesspecies havehave aa highhigh probabilityprobability ofof beingbeing consideredconsidered aa nuisance;nuisance; thatthat is,is, theythey areare likelylikely toto causecause adverseadverse ecologicalecological andand economiceconomic effects.effects. NuisanceNuisance SpeciesSpecies BroadBroad climateclimate tolerancetolerance BigBig FishFish withwith BigBig AppetitesAppetites BigheadBighead carpcarp ~ 5 feet, 90 pounds SilverSilver carpcarp > 3 feet, 60 pounds SpecializedSpecialized filterfilter feedersfeeders –– planktonplankton NoNo stomachstomach == feedfeed continuouslycontinuously QuicklyQuickly growgrow tootoo largelarge forfor predatorspredators PopulationPopulation ExplosionExplosion ReproduceReproduce quicklyquickly SexuallySexually maturemature inin 22--33 yearsyears MatureMature femalefemale == 11--55 millionmillion eggseggs DominateDominate fishfish assemblagesassemblages Bill Dance Sarah Bauer RapidlyRapidly DispersingDispersing StrongStrong swimmersswimmers Bighead and silver carp Bighead Carp in the Illinois River 40 miles / day CollectedCollected withinwithin 2121 milesmiles ofof thethe dispersaldispersal barrierbarrier andand 5050 milesmiles ofof thethe GreatGreat LakesLakes USGS PotentialPotential NegativeNegative EffectsEffects CrowdCrowd outout nativenative fishesfishes EatEat thethe samesame foodfood thatthat nativesnatives dependdepend onon AllAll juvenilejuvenile fish,fish, severalseveral adultadult fish,fish, && musselsmussels CompeteCompete forfor limitedlimited resourcesresources PotentialPotential toto alteralter foodfood webswebs ResultResult == fewerfewer andand smallersmaller nativenative LowerLower qualityquality sportsport andand commercialcommercial fisheriesfisheries PersonalPersonal injuryinjury andand propertyproperty damagesdamages CommercialCommercial HarvestHarvest ReportReport increasingincreasing numbersnumbers ofof AsianAsian carpscarps inin MississippiMississippi andand IllinoisIllinois riversrivers 55--66 tonstons inin aa singlesingle dayday FewFew marketsmarkets –– quicklyquickly saturatedsaturated FishersFishers abandoningabandoning traditionaltraditional sitessites IllinoisIllinois RiverRiver -- 20032003 CommercialCommercial HarvestHarvest BuffaloBuffalo decreaseddecreased 35%35% (pounds)(pounds) AsianAsian carpcarp increasedincreased 124%124% (pounds)(pounds) ““atat leastleast inin partpart dodo toto competitioncompetition withwith increasingincreasing numbersnumbers ofof AsianAsian carpscarps”” Illinois Commercial Catch 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 Percent of Total Weight Total of Percent 0.0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Buffalo Asian Carps IL DNR WhatWhat aboutabout thethe GreatGreat Lakes?Lakes? AsianAsian carpcarp == HighHigh riskrisk chancechance Cannot be certain about specific effects Do know there is incredible potential MultiMulti--billionbillion dollardollar fisheriesfisheries andand economieseconomies atat stakestake Could affect salmon fishery and delay trout restoration StatisticalStatistical modelingmodeling predictedpredicted thatthat silversilver carpcarp couldcould becomebecome establishedestablished 2222 tributarytributary riversrivers identifiedidentified thatthat couldcould potentiallypotentially serveserve asas spawningspawning sitessites Potential impacts to entire Great Lakes drainage AsianAsian CarpsCarps == InvasiveInvasive SpeciesSpecies InvasiveInvasive speciesspecies degradedegrade basinbasin ecosystemsecosystems andand thethe economieseconomies theythey supportsupport EconomicEconomic healthhealth dependantdependant uponupon healthyhealthy ecosystemsecosystems EffectEffect howhow wewe enjoyenjoy andand utilizeutilize thethe outdoorsoutdoors RecreationRecreation BusinessBusiness ManagementManagement actionsactions areare warrantedwarranted NationalNational ManagementManagement PlanPlan AsianAsian CarpCarp WorkingWorking GroupGroup Goals:Goals: PreventPrevent introductionsintroductions LimitLimit dispersaldispersal ExtirpateExtirpate oror reducereduce populationpopulation abundancesabundances 4848 strategiesstrategies andand 136136 recommendationsrecommendations PreventionPrevention HumanHuman mediatedmediated activitiesactivities PrimarilyPrimarily anan issueissue forfor interiorinterior waterswaters andand GreatGreat LakesLakes 44 highesthighest riskrisk pathwayspathways Baitfish transport Transport of wild-caught fish RegulationsRegulations && OutreachOutreach Bill Dance Bill Dance ContainmentContainment NaturalNatural abilityability ofof fishfish toto dispersedisperse ImmediateImmediate actionsactions necessarynecessary toto limitlimit spreadspread andand minimizeminimize affectedaffected waterswaters 66 strategiesstrategies PreventPrevent interbasininterbasin transferstransfers andand limitlimit intrabasinintrabasin movementsmovements Forecast,Forecast, detect,detect, andand rapidlyrapidly respondrespond toto newnew introductionsintroductions oror rangerange expansionsexpansions DispersalDispersal BarriersBarriers PreventPrevent interbasininterbasin transferstransfers andand limitlimit intrabasinintrabasin movementsmovements BarriersBarriers –– specificallyspecifically identifiesidentifies needneed forfor redundantredundant barrierbarrier systemssystems inin ChicagoChicago SanitarySanitary andand ShipShip CanalCanal Canals,Canals, waterways,waterways, andand waterwater diversionsdiversions Permanent and temporary connections Des Plaines River and Deep Run Creek SurveillanceSurveillance && EarlyEarly DetectionDetection Forecast,Forecast, detect,detect, andand rapidrapid responseresponse HighHigh riskrisk locationslocations andand waterswaters ofof specialspecial concernconcern EarlyEarly detectiondetection monitoringmonitoring DevelopDevelop rapidrapid responseresponse plansplans SonicSonic TelemetryTelemetry ProjectProject DifficultDifficult toto detectdetect withwith traditionaltraditional samplingsampling methods,methods, especiallyespecially whenwhen lowlow abundanceabundance NetworkNetwork ofof acousticacoustic receiversreceivers 1212 stationarystationary receiversreceivers 6060 milemile reachreach immediatelyimmediately belowbelow dispersaldispersal barrierbarrier 3030 surgicallysurgically implantedimplanted transmitterstransmitters (2(2 yearyear life)life) ContinuousContinuous monitoringmonitoring DistributionDistribution inin thethe IllinoisIllinois RiverRiver StarvedStarved RockRock Established and abundant populations MarseillesMarseilles andand DresdenDresden IslandIsland Low numbers of bighead and silver carp confirmed BrandonBrandon RoadRoad At least one undocumented report X Peoria Starved Rock Marseilles Dresden Brandon Lockport Island Road ReportReport NewNew Sightings!Sightings! PopulationPopulation ControlControl IntegratedIntegrated PestPest ManagementManagement GreatGreat LakesLakes SeaSea LampreyLamprey ControlControl ProgramProgram 88 potentialpotential toolstools HarvestHarvest enhancementenhancement BiologicalBiological controlscontrols SterileSterile AsianAsian carpscarps TransgenicTransgenic AsianAsian carpscarps PheromonesPheromones HabitatHabitat oror hydrologichydrologic modificationsmodifications PiscicidesPiscicides HarvestHarvest EnhancementEnhancement OnlyOnly nearnear--termterm tooltool ImportantImportant componentcomponent ofof integratedintegrated controlcontrol SportSport harvestharvest Small,Small, localizedlocalized benefitsbenefits CommercialCommercial harvestharvest VeryVery limitedlimited marketmarket demanddemand Î minimalminimal harvestharvest RisksRisks toto considerconsider Demand for sustainable fishery Incentive to stock new waters SufficientSufficient riskrisk toto prohibitprohibit harvestharvest ofof otherother AISAIS MoreMore QuestionsQuestions ThanThan AnswersAnswers InIn additionaddition toto needneed for:for: DevelopingDeveloping andand enforcingenforcing regulationsregulations ImplementingImplementing effectiveeffective containmentcontainment measuresmeasures DevelopingDeveloping controlcontrol toolstools andand IPMIPM programprogram ManyMany additionaladditional researchresearch needs:needs: UnderstandUnderstand basicbasic lifelife historyhistory Understand,Understand, quantify,quantify, andand predictpredict impactsimpacts AccuratelyAccurately /precisely/precisely assessassess stocksstocks EvaluateEvaluate andand modifymodify managementmanagement actionsactions ForFor additionaladditional informationinformation contact:contact: [email protected][email protected] CartervilleCarterville NFWCONFWCO 618/997618/997--68696869 State Journal Register.
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