Five Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid-Term Mass Trauma Intervention: Empirical Evidence
Psychiatry 70(4) Winter 2007 283 Five Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid-Term Mass Trauma Intervention: Empirical Evidence Stevan E. Hobfoll, Patricia Watson, Carl C. Bell, Richard A. Bryant, Melissa J. Brymer, Matthew J. Friedman, Merle Friedman, Berthold P.R. Gersons, Joop T.V.M de Jong, Christopher M. Layne, Shira Maguen, Yuval Neria, Ann E. Norwood, Robert S. Pynoos, Dori Reissman, Josef I. Ruzek, Arieh Y. Shalev, Zahava Solomon, Alan M. Steinberg, and Robert J. Ursano Given the devastation caused by disasters and mass violence, it is critical that inter vention policy be based on the most updated research findings. However, to date, no evidence-based consensus has been reached supporting a clear set of recom Stevan E. Hob foil, PhD, is affiliated with Kent State University and Summa Health System. Patricia Watson, PhD, is with the National Center for PTSD. Carl C. Bell, MD, is affiliated with the Community Mental Health Council and the Department of Psychiatry-School of Medicine and School of Public Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Richard A. Bryant, PhD, is Scientia Professor, School of Psychology, at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Melissa J. Brymer, PsyD, is affili ated with the UCLA/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychia try and Biobehavioral Sciences, at the University of California, Los Angeles. Matthew J. FriedmanMD, PhD, is with the National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and is Professor of Psy chiatry and Pharmacology at Dartmouth Medical School. Merle Friedman, PhD, is at the South African Institute of Traumatic Stress in Johannesburg, South Africa.
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