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Los Peces Continentales Del Cuaternario De Argentina Naturalis Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de La Plata http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Los peces continentales del Cuaternario de Argentina : su importancia para la comprensión del origen de la ictiofauna actual del área austral de América del Sur Vallone, Evelyn Romina Doctor en Ciencias Naturales Dirección: Cione, Alberto Luis Co-dirección: Brandoni, Diego Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo 2015 Acceso en: http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/id/20150616001415 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Universidad Nacional de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo “Los peces continentales del Cuaternario de Argentina. Su importancia para la comprensión del origen de la ictiofauna actual del área austral de América del Sur” Lic. Evelyn Romina Vallone Director: Dr. Alberto Luis Cione Director: Dr. Diego Brandoni Tesis para optar al título de Doctora en Ciencias Naturales 2015 ÍNDICE Agradecimientos ........................................................................................................................... 1 Resumen ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Capítulo 1. Introducción ...................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Objetivos ........................................................................................................................... 11 Objetivo general ..................................................................................................................... 11 Objetivos particulares ............................................................................................................ 11 1.2 Hipótesis ........................................................................................................................... 12 Capítulo 2. Antecedentes ................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Estado actual del conocimiento de los peces cenozoicos de Argentina ............................ 13 2.2 Comentarios sobre el registro de los peces ....................................................................... 21 Composición faunística .......................................................................................................... 21 Asociaciones de peces fósiles ................................................................................................ 21 Capítulo 3. Materiales y métodos ...................................................................................... 27 3.1 Abreviaturas institucionales .............................................................................................. 29 3.2 Materiales estudiados ........................................................................................................ 29 Peces actuales de comparación .............................................................................................. 29 Peces fósiles estudiados ......................................................................................................... 31 3.3 Consideraciones anatómicas ............................................................................................. 32 Terminología osteológica ....................................................................................................... 32 Esqueleto craneal ................................................................................................................... 34 Esqueleto postcraneal ............................................................................................................. 43 Capítulo 4. Marco geográfico, geológico y estratigráfico.................................................. 50 4.1 Introducción ...................................................................................................................... 50 4.2 Período Cuaternario .......................................................................................................... 51 4.3 Marco geológico ............................................................................................................... 53 4.4 Cronología y bioestratigrafía del Cuaternario en la región Pampeana .............................. 55 4.5 Localidades fosilíferas y descripción de las Unidades Formacionales ............................. 62 Capítulo 5. Los peces continentales actuales de la Argentina ........................................... 79 5.1 Los grupos sudamericanos de peces actuales ................................................................... 79 5.2 Ictiogeografía del área austral de América del Sur ........................................................... 79 Capítulo 6. Resultados ....................................................................................................... 83 6.1 Peces Cuaternarios según localidades fosilíferas .............................................................. 83 Localidad fosilífera Mansilla, provincia de Formosa ............................................................ 83 El Veinte, provincia de Santiago del Estero........................................................................... 86 Río Salado, provincia de Santa Fe ......................................................................................... 95 Localidad Salto, provincia de Buenos Aires ........................................................................ 105 Río Luján, Suelo Puesto Callejón Viejo, provincia de Buenos Aires .................................. 111 Localidad fosilífera Ensenada, provincia de Buenos Aires ................................................. 116 Paso Otero, río Quequén Grande y Arroyo del Azul, provincia de Buenos Aires ............... 118 Centinela del Mar, provincia de Buenos Aires .................................................................... 122 Cascada del Paleolama, río Quequén Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires ........................... 129 6.2 Descripción detallada de la ornamentación de los elementos óseos de la cintura pectoral y espina dorsal en algunos peces actuales .................................................................................... 135 6.3 Biogeografía y otras generalidades sistemáticas, biológicas y ecológicas de los peces actuales registrados en el Cuaternario de Argentina ................................................................. 157 Capítulo 7. Discusión ....................................................................................................... 194 7.1 Asociaciones ictiofaunísticas de las localidades fosilíferas estudiadas .......................... 195 7.2 Evolución de las cuencas continentales de la región Pampeana ..................................... 199 7.3 Edades mínimas de taxones vivientes ............................................................................. 203 Capítulo 8. Conclusiones ................................................................................................. 213 8.1 Sistemáticas..................................................................................................................... 213 8.2 Biogeográficas, Paleoclimáticas y Paleoambientales ..................................................... 215 8.3 Morfológicas y taxonómicas ........................................................................................... 216 8.4 Cronológicas ................................................................................................................... 217 Futuras líneas de investigación ................................................................................................. 219 Referencias ................................................................................................................................ 220 A mi familia y amigos “...los científicos deberían resistirse a las tentaciones del cientificismo. Deberían recordar siempre, como creo que lo hizo Darwin, que la ciencia es tentativa y falible. La ciencia no resuelve todos los enigmas del universo, ni promete resolverlos algún día. Sin embargo, a veces puede arrojar alguna luz inesperada incluso sobre nuestros enigmas más profundos y probablemente irresolubles.” K. R. Popper, “La selección natural y el surgimiento de la mente”. Agradecimientos Agradezco a una gran cantidad de personas que participaron y colaboraron desde distintos lugares para que este trabajo pueda llevarse a cabo. A mi familia, especialmente a mis padres y a mis hermanos por apoyarme siempre. Todo lo que soy hoy como persona se lo debo a ellos. Gracias mami por la ilustración de la portada! Agradezco a mis directores Dr. Alberto Luis Cione y Dr. Diego Brandoni, por su amistad, colaboración y sugerencias en el desarrollo de esta Tesis. Al Conicet por las becas otorgadas, las cuales me facilitaron notablemente el desarrollo de este trabajo. Al Dr. Jorge Noriega, director del CICyTTP y a la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, por permitirme realizar parte de este trabajo en dicha institución. Quiero agradecer también a la División de Ictiología y a la División de Paleontología de Vertebrados del Biodiversity Institute de la Universidad de Kansas, por permitirme el acceso al equipamiento
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