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The Past and the Future of Law in Wales
The Past and the Future of Law in Wales Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd 27 October 2017, Pierhead Building, Cardiff Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University Law Building Museum Avenue Cardiff CF10 3AX Email: [email protected] Web: http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/wgc About us The Wales Governance Centre is a research centre that forms part of Cardiff University’s School of Law and Politics undertaking innovative research into all aspects of the law, politics, government and political economy of Wales, as well the wider UK and European contexts of territorial governance. A key objective of the Centre is to facilitate and encourage informed public debate of key developments in Welsh governance not only through its research, but also through events and postgraduate teaching. Public Law Wales aims to promote discussion, education and research in Wales relating to public law and human rights. It also aims to promote expertise amongst lawyers practising in Wales in the fields of public law and human rights. LORD THOMAS OF CWMGEIDD After reading law at Cambridge and the University of Chicago, Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd was a practising barrister in England and Wales specialising in commercial law (1971-1996), a Judge of the High Court and Court of Appeal of England and Wales (1996-2011) during which he was successively a Presiding Judge in Wales, Judge in charge of the Commercial Court, Senior Presiding Judge of England and Wales and deputy Head of Criminal Justice. He was President of the Queen’s Bench Division (2011-13) and Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales (2013- 2017). -
Biovu Vanderbilt
International Cohorts Summit JB Duke Hotel Durham, North Carolina, USA March 26 – 27, 2018 Summit Objectives The International Cohorts Summit was conceived by the Heads of International Research Organizations (HIROs) group co-chaired by Francis Collins at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Jeremy Farrar of the Wellcome Trust. Dr. Collins and Dr. Farrar reached out to the Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative (G2MC, www.g2mc.org), to organize a first forum with the goal of enabling leaders of large-scale longitudinal cohorts worldwide to share best practices, discuss data sharing, explore standards, discuss common challenges, and explore the potential for a larg(er) collaborative sequencing strategy. The primary objectives of this meeting will include: ● Improving prospects for interoperability and compatibility of instruments, data formats, phenotypic and clinical measures, etc ● Promoting data sharing and open access policies ● Broadening international cooperation through existing tools and resources ● Exploring the feasibility of a "digital" platform, or web-based, evolving registry of large-scale cohorts, in searchable format ● Examining the potential for a collaborative sequencing (and other -omics?) strategy ● Considering strategies for translating findings for health impact ● Advancing a collective vision: where do we want to be in ten years? We thank you for joining us at this pivotal event, and for contributing to our shared goal of enhanced international collaboration across research projects. Programme Committee Geoff -
Infant Mortality
Inequalities in Infant Mortality Project Briefing Paper 1 Infant mortality: overview and context Jennifer J Kurinczuk, Jennifer Hollowell, Peter Brocklehurst, Ron Gray National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford June 2009 1 Introduction The information presented in this paper comes largely from the analysis of routinely published Since 2000 the Government has made tackling data from the Office for National Statistics health, social and educational inequalities a (ONS), now the UK Statistics Authority. Data public service priority by setting public service are presented for the most recent year available agreement (PSA) targets which focus on these which, at the time of writing, was 2007; long areas. Health inequalities in children are the term trends are presented by five yearly figures specific focus of Target 11 as identified in where appropriate. For much of the information the 2002 spending review1; the aim being to presented there are complex underlying narrow the health gap between socio-economic relationships which it is not possible to explore groups and between the most deprived areas using published data. Care must therefore be and the rest of the population, in childhood exercised in the interpretation of these figures. and throughout life. The 2004 spending review For example, young women whose infants have reaffirmed this PSA target by re-stating it as “To high rates of mortality are, in addition to their reduce inequalities in health outcomes by 10% relative youth, also more likely to be unmarried by 2010 as measured by infant mortality and life and to be of lower socioeconomic status with a expectancy at birth.”2 The objective of the infant higher prevalence of associated risk factors for mortality element is defined in Figure 1. -
A Learning Insight Into Demography
A LEARNING INSIGHT INTO DEMOGRAPHY prepared by BMG Research for A Learning Insight into Demography Table of Contents 1. Summary and discussion ................................................................. 1 Introduction........................................................................................ 1 What is ‘demography’........................................................................ 1 Total population change ................................................................... 3 Change in the age structure of the population ............................... 3 Population distribution within Wales............................................... 7 Ethnic minorities in Wales ................................................................ 8 Wealth, poverty and social class...................................................... 9 Gender .............................................................................................. 12 Summary........................................................................................... 13 2. Technical report: introduction....................................................... 15 Scope of report ................................................................................ 15 Sources and references .................................................................. 16 Structure of report ........................................................................... 16 3. Total population and age structure................................................ 17 Introduction..................................................................................... -
Mapping Rapidly Changing Minority Ethnic Populations: a Case Study of York
Mapping rapidly changing minority ethnic populations: a case study of York Gary Craig with Sue Adamson, Nazreen February 2010 Ali and Fasil Demsash Official statistics can be of limited help to those providing services to increasingly diverse populations. Using an innovative approach, this project drew on both formal and informal sources to estimate the size and diversity of York’s minority ethnic population and the implications for key agencies. The project was commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation’s York Grants Committee, which makes modest grants to organisations to help improve the general quality of life in York. The Committee wanted a more up-to-date picture of the city’s population than census data offers, to help inform its work. This report looks at: • the approach piloted by the project • what this approach found • the project team’s recommendations for policy and service organisations in York. The project suggests that York’s population is much more ethnically diverse than is often supposed, identifying 78 different first languages within the city. www.jrf.org.uk When they talk about communities, all they see are white, Asian, black and possibly Chinese. They don’t see the Italian community, they don’t see the Polish community and they don’t see the Iranian community. (Iranian community activist, Manchester, cited in Rutter et al., 2009) Contents List of tables and figures 4 Executive summary 5 1 Background 9 2 A brief history of minority ethnic 16 settlement in York 3 Methodology: how we approached this 21 research -
Paying the Price: the Cost of Mental Health Care in England in 2026
PAYING THE PRICE The cost of mental health care in England to 2026 Paul McCrone Sujith Dhanasiri Anita Patel Martin Knapp Simon Lawton-Smith © King’s Fund 2008 First published 2008 by the King’s Fund Charity registration number: 207401 All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form ISBN: 978 1 857175 714 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Available from: King’s Fund 11–13 Cavendish Square London W1G 0AN Tel: 020 7307 2591 Fax: 020 7307 2801 Email: [email protected] www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications Edited by Edwina Rowling Typeset by Andrew Haig & Associates Printed in the UK by Charlesworth Contents List of figures and tables vii About the authors xiii Foreword xv Executive summary xvii Background xvii Methods xvii Findings xviii 1 Introduction 1 Background 1 Rationale for the review 5 Aims of the review 6 Structure of report 6 2 Methods 7 Quantifying mental health need 7 Estimation of service provision 8 Estimation of service and total costs 9 Intervention modelling 9 3 Projected demographic change in England, 2007–2026 11 Population projections by ethnic group 13 Summary 14 4 Depression 15 Summary 15 Introduction 15 Prevalence estimates 16 Population estimates 18 Service costs and lost employment 20 Projected costs 25 Scenario modelling 27 5 Anxiety disorders 35 Summary 35 Introduction 35 Prevalence estimates 36 Population estimates 38 Service costs and lost employment 38 Projected costs 43 Scenario modelling 43 6 Schizophrenic disorders -
Equality Issues in Wales: a Research Review
Research report: 11 Equality issues in Wales: a research review Victoria Winckler (editor) The Bevan Foundation Equality issues in Wales: a research review Victoria Winckler (editor) The Bevan Foundation © Equality and Human Rights Commission 2009 First published Spring 2009 ISBN 978 1 84206 089 6 Equality and Human Rights Commission Research Report Series The Equality and Human Rights Commission Research Report Series publishes research carried out for the Commission by commissioned researchers. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Commission. The Commission is publishing the report as a contribution to discussion and debate. Please contact the Research Team for further information about other Equality and Human Rights Commission’s research reports, or visit our website: Research Team Equality and Human Rights Commission Arndale House Arndale Centre Manchester M4 3AQ Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0161 829 8500 Website: www.equalityhumanrights.com You can download a copy of this report as a PDF from our website: www.equalityhumanrights.com/researchreports If you require this publication in an alternative format, please contact the Communications Team to discuss your needs at: [email protected] CONTENTS Page CHAPTER AUTHORS i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 This Report 1 1.2 Demography of Wales 2 1.3 Governance of Wales 12 1.4 Devolution and Equality 13 1.5 Conclusion 17 2. POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION 18 2.1 Policy Context 18 2.2 Household Income and Poverty 19 2.3 Benefits and Pensions 28 2.4 Savings, Credit and Debt, and Financial Exclusion 31 2.5 Water and Fuel Poverty 35 2.6 Digital Inclusion 37 2.7 Culture, Leisure and Sport 38 2.8 Access to Advice, Support and Justice 42 2.9 Transport 44 2.10 Conclusions and Research Gaps 51 3. -
World Prison Population List Eleventh Edition Roy Walmsley
World Prison Population List eleventh edition Roy Walmsley Introduction This eleventh edition of the World Prison Population List gives details of the number of prisoners held in 223 prison systems in independent countries and dependent territories. It shows the differences in the levels of imprisonment across the world and makes possible an estimate of the world prison population total. The figures include both pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners and those who have been convicted and sentenced. The information is the latest available at the end of October 2015. The data are presented in two parts. Part one, tables 1-5, sets out prison population totals, rates and trends for each individual country. Part two, tables 6-8, provides data on prison population totals, rates and trends by continent, and includes comparison of male and female prison population levels. The World Prison Population List*, like the World Female Imprisonment List (the third edition of which was published in September 2015) and the World Pre-trial/ Remand Imprisonment List (second edition published in 2014) complement the information held on the World Prison Brief. This is an online database available at www.prisonstudies.org, and is updated monthly. The World Prison Population List is compiled from a variety of sources. In almost all cases the original source is the national prison administration of the country concerned, or else the Ministry responsible for the prison administration. Most of the figures are recent and efforts are continually made to update them and to obtain information on the number of prisoners in the countries on which figures are not currently available (Eritrea, Somalia and the Democratic People’s Republic of (North) Korea) or are incomplete. -
Historical Demography
Historical demography Strand organizer: Hannaliis Jaadla (University of Cambridge) Britain’s mortality transition session convenor: Eilidh Garrett (University of Edinburgh) Historical demography: New perspectives on historical mortality patterns – Monday 9 September, 4.45pm The demographic foundations of the lived experience of kin death Diego Alburez-Gutierrez, Emilio Zagheni Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany The last two centuries have been marked by increases in life expectancy, reductions in family size and changes in the timing of fertility. We analyse how demographic change has altered individuals’ lived experience of death during the lifetime. A first analysis draws upon historical and projected age-specific vital rates for Sweden and uses formal demographic analysis to measure trends in the extent and timing of child loss, in the average age at first experience of death of a maternal kin member, and in the type of kin death experienced. A second analysis compares the model predictions with data from user-generated online genealogical communities. Ongoing analyses do the same, drawing on the Swedish Multigenerational Register. Our results indicate a considerable reduction in child loss across cohorts, an increase in the average age at first experience of maternal kin death, and a shift in the first death experience, from that of a sister, mother, or aunt to that of a grandmother. These transformations of the life course have profound implications for the health and well-being of individuals and families. Email: [email protected] A breakpoint analysis of health transitions in England compared with the Nordic Countries Catalina Torres, Jim Oeppen Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark The Nordic countries are a natural basis for comparison when assessing the modern rise in life expectancy in England. -
Concordance of National Cancer Registration with Self-Reported Breast, Bowel and Lung Cancer in England and Wales
SHORT COMMUNICATION British Journal of Cancer (2013) 109, 2875–2879 | doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.626 Keywords: cancer registration; UK; self-reporting; concordance Concordance of National Cancer Registration with self-reported breast, bowel and lung cancer in England and Wales: a prospective cohort study within the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening A Gentry-Maharaj1, E-O Fourkala1, M Burnell1, A Ryan1, S Apostolidou1, M Habib1, A Sharma1, M Parmar2, I Jacobs1,3 and U Menon*,1 1Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women’s Cancer, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK; 2MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK and 3Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Background: It has been suggested that lower UK cancer survival may be due to incomplete case ascertainment by cancer registries. Methods: We assessed concordance between self-reported breast, bowel and lung cancer and cancer registration (CR) for 1995–2007 in England and Wales in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening. Results: Concordance of breast cancer CR was higher (94.7%:95% CI: 94.1–95.3%) than for bowel (85.1%:95% CI: 82.1–87.8%) and lung (85.4%:95% CI: 76.3–92.0%). CR concordance was lower in breast cancer (94.5% vs 98.8%) survivors compared with deceased but the difference was small. No difference was found for bowel (85.3% vs 94.6%) or lung (87.1% vs 90.5%) cancer. Conclusion: Concordance of CR and self-reported cancer is high. Incomplete registration is unlikely to be a major cause of lower UK survival rates. -
Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 2000
Population Division HISTORICAL CENSUS STATISTICS ON THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 2000 By Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung Working Paper No. 81 HISTORICAL CENSUS STATISTICS ON THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 2000 by Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung Population Division Working Paper No. 81 U.S. Census Bureau Washington, DC 20233 Date February, 2006 This report is released to inform interested parties of research and to encourage discussion. The views expressed on statistical, methodological, or technical issues are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau. Acknowledgments This working paper was prepared in Population Division. The authors thank Frank Hobbs, Cynthia Davis, Paul Mackun, and Phil Gbur for their review and comments. Abstract This working paper presents selected decennial census data on the foreign-born population of the United States from 1850 to 2000. Other reports on historical census statistics for the United States The following six reports present historical census statistics that are more detailed and/or more recent than historical census statistics published in reports from the decennial census of population or in Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1975a). Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790 - 1990, by Richard L. Forstall. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996. Data for the 1900 to 1990 period are available also on the Census Bureau’s Internet site at <www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html>. -
Thomas Malthus and the Making of the Modern World
THOMAS MALTHUS AND THE MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD Alan Macfarlane 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 3 References, Conventions and Measures 3 Preface 4 The Encounter with Malthus 5 Thomas Malthus and his Theory 12 Part 1: Malthus (1963-1978) Population Crisis: Anthropology’s Failure 15 Resources and Population 23 Modes of Reproduction 40 Part 2: Malthus and Marriage (1979-1990) Charles Darwin and Thomas Malthus 44 The Importance of Malthusian Marriage 57 The Malthusian Marriage System and its Origins 68 The Malthusian Marriage System in Perspective 76 Part 3: Malthus and Death (1993-2007) The Malthusian Trap 95 Design and Chance 107 Epilogue: Malthus today 124 Bibliography 131 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My work on Malthus over the years has been inspired by many friends and teachers. It is impossible to name them all, but I would like to pay especial tribute to Jack Goody, John Hajnal, Keith Hopkins, Peter Laslett, Chris Langford, Roger Schofield Richard Smith and Tony Wrigley, who have all helped in numerous ways. Other acknowledgements are made in the footnotes. Gabriel Andrade helpfully commented on several of the chapters. As always, my greatest debts are to Gerry Martin, with whom I often discussed the Malthusian Trap, and to Sarah Harrison who has always encouraged my interest in population and witnessed its effects with me in the Himalayas. REFERENCES, CONVENTIONS AND MEASURES Spelling has not been modernized. American spelling (e.g. labor for labour) has usually been changed to the English variant. Italics in quotations are in the original, unless otherwise indicated. Variant spellings in quotations have not been corrected.