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Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of Archaeology and Museology BACHELOR’S DIPLOMA THESIS Brno 2015 Hana Koubková Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of Archaeology and Museology Prehistoric Archaeology of the Near East Hana Koubková Fine Ware Ninevite 5 Pottery from Khabur Basin Project Bachelor´s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Inna Mateiciucová, Ph.D. Instructor: Zuzanna Wygnańska, Ph.D. Brno 2015 DECLARATION I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, and that I used only the primary and secondary sources written on bibliography list below. I agree with storing this thesis in the library of the Prehistoric Archaeology of the Near East at Masaryk University in Brno and making it accessible for study purpose. th Brno 9 July 2015 . Signature ABSTRACT / ANNOTATION Title: Fine Ware Ninevite 5 Pottery from Khabur Basin Project Author: Hana Koubková Department / Institute: Department of Archaeology and Museology/Prehistoric Archaeology of the Near East Supervisor: Mgr. Inna Mateiciucová, Ph.D. Abstract: This paper is concerned with fine ware Ninevite 5 pottery from Upper and Middle Khabur Basin in northeast Syria, where Yale University conducted surface survey at the end of the last century, called Khabur Basin Project. Study of this material is important for discovery of new Ninevite 5 sites in the area of interest. There were designated fifteen Ninevite 5 sherds (Group 1) and eight of them occurred at the new early third millennium sites. Other six sites are concerned with undecorated pottery assemblages (Group 2), therefore, the designation as Ninevite 5 pottery is not for sure. This thesis is just a preliminary effort to determine fine ware ceramic material from Early Bronze Age, especially Ninevite 5 period and the first step in a better understanding of the settlement in the Upper and Middle Khabur Region in northeast Syria. Key words: Ninevite 5, fine ware, Khabur Basin Project, northeast Syria, Upper and Middle Khabur, early third millennium sites ABSTRAKT / ANOTACE Název: Jemná keramika typu Ninive 5 z Projektu Khabur Basin Autor: Hana Koubková Ústav / Oddělení: Ústav archeologie a muzeologie/Oddělení Pravěké archeologie Předního Východu Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Inna Mateiciucová, Ph.D. Anotace: Tato práce se zabývá jemnou keramikou z horního a středního povodí řeky Khabur v severovýchodní Sýrii, kde na konci 20. století probíhal archeologický výzkum a povrchový sběr prováděný americkou Yalovou univerzitou, zvaný Projekt v povodí řeky Khabur. Studium keramického materiálu je důležité z hlediska objevení nových lokalit s Ninive 5 osídlením v zájmové oblasti. Pouze patnáct jedinců bylo určených jako typ Ninive 5 (je to tzv. skupina 1), z toho jen osm jedinců pochází z nových dosud neznámých lokalit časného třetího tisíciletí př. n. l. Z dalších šesti nových lokalit byl vyzvednut nezdobený keramický materiál (tzv. skupina 2), z tohoto důvodu je těžké s přesností určit, zda se skutečně jedná o materiál typu Ninive 5. Tato práce je pouze předběžnou snahou určit část keramického materiálu z jemné keramiky pocházející z časné doby bronzové, zejména z období keramiky typu Ninive 5. Také je to první krok k lepšímu porozumění časně bronzového osídlení v oblasti horního a střední Khaburu v severovýchodní Sýrii. Klíčová slova: keramika typu Ninive 5, jemná keramika, projekt v povodí řeky Khabur, severovýchodní Sýrie, horní a střední Khabur, lokality z časného třetího tisíciletí BC ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Mgr. Inna Mateiciucová, Ph.D. and Dr. Phil. Maximilian Wilding. Because they gave me a chance to study ceramic material at Yale University in November and December 2014. Without their trust and friendly attitude, this thesis would never exist. Second, I would like to thank Prof. Frank Hole and his assistance Yukiko Tonoike for their enthusiasm, friendship and of course, for the access to ceramic material from Khabur Basin Project, which was recovered in the 1980s and 1990s in northeast Syria. Third, I have to express my enormous gratitude to Zuzanna Wygnańska, PhD. for helping me with designation of ceramic material and her enthusiasm for my work and ideas. For the language correction, I would like to thank Mgr. Lucie Kropáčková and for the graphical adjustment I want to thank my sister Michaela. Finally, I would like to express my thanks to all my friends and my family, because without their love, confidence and support I would never be able to write this thesis. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 10 2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 11 3 CRITICISM OF THE SOURCES AND THE CERAMIC MATERIAL .................... 13 4 SPECIFICATION OF AN AREA OF INTEREST ........................................................ 14 4.1 GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AREA UNDER STUDY ........... 15 4.2 KHABUR RIVER ....................................................................................................... 16 4.3 GEOMORPHOLOGY ................................................................................................ 18 4.4 ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................... 20 4.5 CLIMATE ................................................................................................................... 21 5 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS ........................................................................................... 22 6 HISTORY OF NINEVITE 5 POTTERY HORIZON RESEARCH ............................ 24 6. 1 MIDDLE KHABUR REGION ................................................................................... 24 6. 2 UPPER KHABUR REGION ...................................................................................... 25 7 NINEVITE 5 POTTERY IN GENERAL........................................................................ 27 7.1 ORIGIN OF THE NINEVITE 5 ................................................................................. 27 7.2 DISTRIBUTION OF NINEVITE 5 POTTERY ......................................................... 28 7.3 PHASES OF NINEVITE 5 ......................................................................................... 28 7.3.1 EJZ 0 ................................................................................................................... 29 7.3.2 EJZ 1 ................................................................................................................... 30 7.3.3 EJZ 2 ................................................................................................................... 31 7.3.4 EJZ 3 ................................................................................................................... 32 7.3.4.1 EJZ 3a ............................................................................................................. 32 7.3.4.2 EJZ 3b ............................................................................................................. 32 8 KHABUR BASIN PROJECT .......................................................................................... 34 9 NINEVITE 5 SITES SURVEYED BY KHABUR BASIN PROJECT ......................... 36 9.1 MIDDLE KHABUR REGION ................................................................................... 37 9.1.1 ATIJ .................................................................................................................... 37 9.1.2 BDERI ................................................................................................................. 38 9.1.3 GUDEDA ............................................................................................................ 39 9.1.4 HARBA ............................................................................................................... 40 9.1.5 JOYS SPRING .................................................................................................... 40 9.1.6 KERMA .............................................................................................................. 41 9.1.7 KH ED DEEB ..................................................................................................... 41 9.1.8 KNEIDIJ ............................................................................................................. 42 9.1.9 MASHNAQA ...................................................................................................... 42 9.1.10 MELEBIYA ........................................................................................................ 43 9.1.11 METYAHA ......................................................................................................... 43 9.1.12 MULLA MATAR ............................................................................................... 44 9.1.13 RAD SHAQRAH ................................................................................................ 44 9.1.14 RAQA ´I .............................................................................................................. 45 9.1.15 TELL ALARBÍDÍ ............................................................................................... 46 9.1.16 TELL AL-MAGHR ............................................................................................ 46 9.1.17 TELL BURQA .................................................................................................... 47 9.1.18
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