DOCUMENT RESUME ED 264 132 SE 046 295 AUTHOR Cheston, T. Stephen; And Others TITLE Social Sciences and Space Exploration: New Directions for University Instruction. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO EP-192 PUB DATE Nov 84 NOTE 150p.; Color Photographs may not reproduce clearly. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Reference Materials - General (130) -- Guides- Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Aerospace Education; *College Science; *Course Descriptions; Curriculum Development; Economics; Higher Education; History; *Interdisciplinary Approach; International Law; International Relations; Philosophy; Political Science; Psychology; Science Education; *Social Sciences; Sociology; *Space Exploration; *Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS *Space Shuttle ABSTRACT During the 1970s, efforts to teach and research the social science and humanities ,spects of thespace program were reintensified. A 1978 survey of faculty suggested the need fora single volume that united introductory material on the various social science disciplines and the classroom experience of faculty already teaching in the field. This volume is the response to that need. It focuses primarily on the space shuttle era (1980s and 1990s) and is divided into four parts. Chapter one outlines characteristics and attributes of the shuttle and the technologies scheduled for transport to orbit. Chapter two is organized into sections representing seven disciplines (economics, history, international law and relations, philosophy, political science, psychology, and sociology) which allow faculty to relatea specific discipline to space technology and to adapt space-related issues to the teaching of that discipline. Chapter three presents materials for teaching interdisciplinary courses and topics, including observations from instructors who have offered such courses, and insights from faculty who have analyzed space technologies in debate format. The last section contains appendices with representative bibliographies, syllabi, and other materials (organized by disciplineor interdisciplinary approach) which are most useful in curriculum development rather than for identifying teaching objectives. 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BEST COPY AVAILABLE Social Sciences and Space Exploration NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration EP-192 Social Sciences and Space Exploration New Directions for University Instruction T Stephen Cheston Charles M. Chafer Sallie Birket Chafer Georgetown University National Aeronautics and Space Administration November 1984 This book is dedicated to the late Dr. Frederick B. Tuttle, the prime mover and inspiration behind this volume, which links the social sciences and the space program. Table of Contents Section Page Preface xi Introduct;on Chapter One: Space Technologies 1 Chapter Two: Perspectives on Individual Disciplines 23 Economics The Economic Impacts of the U.S. Space Program 24 Jerome Schnee Rutgers University History The Relation of History to Space Technology 32 Walter A. McDougall Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars International Law International System and Space Law: & Relations An Introduction 40 Harold M. White, Jr. Western State College of Law Philosophy Advances in Scientific Knowledge and Implications for Philosophy 52 George Farce Georgetown University Political The Politics of Space: Science Understanding Space Policymaking 58 John M. Logsdon George Washington University Psychology Orbital Human Factors 65 T. Stephen Cheston Georgetown University iv Section Page Sociology Sociology and Space Development 72 B.J. Bluth California State University, Northridge Chapter Three: Interdisciplinary Approaches 79 Future Studies Future Studies: An Interdisciplinary Vehicle for Space Science Education 80 Kerry M. Joe ls National Air and Space Museum Debate Analyses Space Utilization as a Subject of Academic Debates 87 Alfred C. Snider University of Vermont Appendix One: Space TechnologiesResources 95 Appendix Two: Resources for Individual Disciplines 95 Economics NASA's Influence on Industry and NASA's Economic Impact on Science 95 (A Case Study of Astronomy) Jerome Schnee Rutgers University History Teaching Experiences and Syllabus 97 Walter A. McDougall Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars Report on a Yale University Course and the Course Syllabus 98 Alex Roland Duke University International Law U.N. Purposes and Organization, & Relations Suggested Bibliography, List of Selected International Agreements, and List of Signatories to Selected International Agreements 101 Harold M. White, Jr. Western State College of Law 7 v Section Page Philosophy Bibliography 103 George Fa rre Georgetown University Teaching Experience, Course Content, and Bibliography 104 Gonzalo Munevar and John C. Kasher University of Nebraska, Omaha Political Course Syllabus and Sample Research Science Assignments 107 John M. Logsdon George Washington University A Course on Space Policy and the Course Syllabus 109 Nathan Goldman The University of Texas, Austin Experiences of Five Years of Teaching Space Policy and a Sample Course Syllabus 111 Michael Fulda Fairmont State College Psychology Utilization of Orbital Human Factors in College Teaching 113 T. Stephen Cheston Georgetown University Description and Evaluation of an Undergraduate Course in Space Development 115 Howard Iver Thorsheim St. Olaf College Sociology Teaching Strategies, Select Bibliography, and Course Description and Syllabus 116 B.J. Bluth California State University, Northridge 8 vi Section Page Appendix Three: Interdisciplinary Approaches 121 Interdisciplinary Case Study: The Teaching of an Interdisciplinary Courses Course in the Social Science Aspects of Space and the Course Syllabus 121 T. Stephen Cheston Georgetown University Future Studies Scenarios, Readings, and Syllabi for Future Studies 122 Kerry M. Joels National Air and Space Museum Debate Analyses Guidelines for Using Debate as an InClass Tool 124 Alfred C. Snider University of Vermont The Use of Space Research in Intercollegiate Debate 124 Melissa Maxcy Wade and James M. Wade Emory University b 9 vii 'f YSt The Day Before the Launch by Frank Wright, oil, 28" by 60 ". 10 viii :4 The CrawlerRollout of the Enterprise by Arthur Shilstone, watercolor, 22W' by 29W'. X a 12 Dwring the 1970s, college and university faculty reintensified efforts to teach and research the social science and humanities aspects of the space program, a developrit.nt attributable in large part to the Space Shuttle. A 1978 survey of faculty suggested the need for a single volume that united introductory material on the various -,cial science disciplines and the classroom experience of faculty already teaching in the field. In the absence of such a resource, individual instructors had to start from scratchorganizing lecture notes, bibliographies, and research topics for their stu- dents, only to discover later that such tasks already had been undertaken by one or more professionals at other institution(s). In response to this need, NASA issued a contract to Georgetown University to produce such a book, focusing primarily on the Space Shuttle era (1980s and 1990s). From the outset, NASA and the authors understood that not all social science and humanities disciplines could be represented in the volume, because of both the lack of sufficient materials in some fields and the strict page limitation on the book itself. This project relied heavily on the efforts of a large number of people beyond the editors and contributors. We want to make special note of support and direction from the late Dr. Frederick B. Tuttle, a leading NASA authority on aerospace education, who enthusiastically promoted the project and supplied insights crucial to the volume's development. The editors are especially in- debted to the NASA program officers monitoring the projectWilliam Nixon, Jesco von Puttkamer, and Gregory Vogt for their constructive criticisms and con- tinued support. We also would like to gratefully acknowl- edge the administrative and production assistance pro- vided by: David Hannah, Jr.; the department of biology at Georgetown University; Nancy Walsh; and Karen Dewey, Cheryl Newson, and Nancy Switkes. T. Stephen Cheston Principal Investigator January 1983 ili 13 xi Not Shotby Robert Rauschenberg, lithograph, 81" by 42". Introduction he relationship between technology and society early 1980s will not retire until the late 2020s. Illustratively, is a subject of continuing public interest, in largein the forty -four years from 1938 to 1982, technological part because teehnulogieal change and its effects developments included the advent