COMSAT Proposes New System for Many Users

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'Program for an advance for the people of'the U.S.' COMSAT Proposes New System for Many Users

In a March I filing with the Federal Com- system that would through modern space tech- munications Commission, COMSAT proposed nology vastly expand and Greatly diversify the a multipurpose domestic satellite system to nation's communications resources. provide a wide range of communication services COMSAT made its proposal in a three-vol- to customers throughout the United States. ume filing, buttressed by detailed technical The system would employ three high-capacity and economic plans. The system ultimately satellites in synchronous orbits and an initial could involve an investment cost of approxi- nationwide network of 132 earth stations-a mately $248 million. (See ('O\ISAT Offers Domestic Sys(em . Page 3) Series IV Satellite Nears Position; News at a Glance Commercial Service To Begin Soon • COMSAT proposes multipurpose domestic satellite system for many users ( Page 1). The first satellite in the INTELSAT • INTELSAT IV launch suc- IV series, now nearing its intended ceeds; satellite scheduled to be in position over the Atlantic Ocean, is operation in mid-March ( Page 2). being prepared to begin commercial • INTELSAT satellites to be service in the middle of March. used for testing unmanned earth The satellite was successfully station experiment conducted by launched on January 25 after three the National Science Foundation postponements due to unfavorable (Page 5). wind conditions at high altitudes over Cape Kennedy. • John L. Martin, Jr., is elected In the first use of an Atlas Centaur Assistant Vice President for Do- on INTELSAT launch missions, the mestic and Aeronautical Satellite satellite was injected into a highly Systems ( Page 5). accurate transfer orbit. Telemetry • ICSC reports actions of the data was satisfactory, and no space- fifty-first meeting. Next meeting craft nutation was detectable. scheduled for M arch 17-24 (Page The apogee motor was fired at the 9). third apogee, with satisfactory results, and the satellite was injected into near- • IAESTE students find new life synchronous orbit with a westward and new experiences in the COM- drift of 3.5 degrees a day. SAT jobs they have taken through At its present drift rate, the satellite the technical exchange program The Atlas Centaur was used to launch will arrive at its intended station (24.5 (Page 6). the first satellite in the IV series. degrees west longitude) in early March • FCC Commissioners visit the The drift will he halted by firing COMSAT Labs for briefings and hydrazine thrusters. Net Income Rises a Lab tour (Page 9). • Global television shows sizable Communications Tests To $1.75 a Share increase during 1970; more inter- Communications tests began on national TV seen for the coming February 7 when the satellite became year(page 17). visible to the Fucino. Italy, Earth Sta- COMSAT reported a net income • Labs facilities division takes tion, and were completed on February for 1970 of $17,501,000, or $1.75 per care of the housekeeping and 19. The tests showed that the satellite's share, up from $7,129,000, or.71 cents maintenance duties to keep the communications components and an- per share, for 1969. Labs in good working condition tennas were operating properly. Operating revenues for 1970 were (Pages 10-11). When traffic transfers are com- $69,598,000, an increase of $22,564,- • Ham radio operators aid completed , the new satellite will he the 000 (48 percent) over the $47,034,000 munications with victims of the primary operational satellite for the received in 1969. California earthquake (Page 12). Atlantic region . A mass, simultaneous Improvement in revenues resulted pointover of the earth station antennas from an overall increase in use of the • Baron Joseph Fourier -a short in 14 countries now operating with the satellite system. At December 31. account of the developer of a INTELSAT III. F-6, satellite is 1970, the equivalent of 2,139 full-time mathematical sequence frequently planned for amid-March . Before the half-circuits were being leased to used in satellite communications pointover occurs, however , the fre- COMSAT customers, compared with (Pages 18-19). quencies and bandwidth being used 1,435 at the end of 1969. an increase by these earth stations will be changed of 704 (49.1 percent). to meet INTELSAT IV transmission Operating expenses for 1970 amount- On the Cover parameters . The modifications will ed to $59,118.000, up from $45,202,000 Briefing reporters on COM- begin in early March. for 1969. Depreciation and amortiza- .SAT's multipurpose domestic tion expenses accounted for $19,968,- system. Dr. Joseph V. Chart'k outlined details of the proposal The IV Series 000 of the 1970 total, compared with S17,481,000 for 1969. and answered questions. Meanwhile fabrication of follow-on Net operating income for 1970 to- satellites in the IV series continues on taled S10,480,000, compared with February -March 1971 - Year 6, No. 2 schedule at Hughes Aircraft Company. $1,832,000 for 1969. COMSAT News is published for employ- The IV, F-l, remains in storage. Other income, consisting primarily ees of the Communications Satellite Cor- poration by the Information Office. The current delivery schedule calls of interest from temporary cash invest- COMSAT Building, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, for delivery of the F-3 in March, with ments (net of Federal income taxes) S.W., Washington, D.C. 20024. delivery of three further flight models and interest during construction, was A.V.P. for Public Information later in 1971 and the final two early $7,021,000, compared to S5,297,000 in Matthew Gordon in 1972. 1969. Editor : Kay Smith COMSAT Plans Use of Extensive Antenna Network

COMSAT's proposal for a multipurpose domestic system calls for an extensive initial ground network of 132 earth stations, including new stations in Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. COMSAT has submitted detailed construction applications for a Y Ir Y V Y first group of five station facilities, with other applications to he filed Y W ' ' -4 r W later. w Y .9 1 W I V 4 1, This first group included stations embodying most of the essential technical characteristics for different types of stations that would be needed in the full system, thus giving the FCC the basic data to evaluate and compare COMSAT's plan with any alternatives. An artist 's concept of COMSAAT's proposed multipurpose satellite system for The applications called for two ma- domestic services. jor stations, one at Southbury, Con- necticut, to serve the New York City From Page 1 area, and one near Santa Paula, Cali- fornia, to serve the Los Angeles area. Each station would be equipped with two (twin) 97-foot diameter antennas COMSAT Offers Domestic System for sending and receiving communications; also one 42-foot antenna at each To Serve Wide Variety of U. S. Users site primarily for tracking. telemetry and control (TT&C) duties associated with positioning and controlling In a press briefing held at COM- limited frequency space and bring the the satellites in the system. SAT Headquarters, Dr. Joseph V. full economies of scale to all users, Also included were applications to Chartik, President, told 24 members large and small. construct three stations in Alaska. One of the press that, "the benefits of At the briefing, Dr. Charyk said receive-only 42-foot antenna for TV satellite technology to a high degree the establishment of a single multi- distribution would be located at COM- have been brought to international purpose, multi-user domestic satellite SAT's present Bartlett earth station communications. But as a recent Sen- system, employing large satellites, to site near Talkeetna, about 90 miles ate Commerce Committee report meet non-Bell System requirements, northwest of Anchorage. Two send- states, the people of the United States provides a great opportunity to do and-receive stations with 32-foot an- have been deprived of a domestic three things: tennas would be located at sites near satellite system and its benefits." "(I) to provide the means for satel- Juneau and at Prudhoe Bay on the Dr. Charyk noted that COMSAT lite communications to provide a true North Slope as the first steps toward recently filed with the FCC an ap- competitive alternative to existing providing both intrastate and inter- plication to provide satellite services terrestrial facilities, state Alaska communications via to the American Telephone and Tele- "(2) to make the most efficient use satellite facilities. graph Company. of radio frequency spectrum and avail- The COMSAT system also would "Now," he said. "COMSAT asks able orbital slots and, thereby include 42-foot receive-only antennas authority to provide a nation-wide "(3) to provide to the people of the for TV distribution to be located at multipurpose system of communica- United States the economic benefits sites of existing earth stations at Pau- tions services. COMSAT wants all of the advanced satellite technology in malu, Hawaii. and Cayey, Puerto prospective users to share the bene- the best way." Rico. Applications for these will be fits." Following his half-hour statement, filed later, pending arrangements with The proposed multipurpose satellite Dr. Charyk answered questions for 45 other carrier companies who share system would be capable of handling minutes. Attending the briefing were ownership with COMSAT in the all types of high-quality communica- representatives of a number of major present sites. tions, including telephone, data ser- daily newspapers, news wires and COMSAT said that applications for vices and TV programming. The Cor- trade press publications. the remaining 127 earth stations in the poration emphasized that only a single The COMSAT filing was in re- initial ground station network would multi-user system of high capacity sponse to FCC guidelines issued last be filed subsequently as discussions are such as it proposed-rather than a March 20 for parties wishing to apply concluded with major potential users proliferation of separate systenms- for initial service, including the TV would result in proper conservation of (See High Power Satellites, Page 191 networks and large carrier companies. Two Employees Gain Recognition From Navy Units

In two separate letters of commendation, Ethel J. Saltz, computer division, and Robert F. Hefcle, communications processing lab, were honored by their commanding officers for work previously performed for the U.S. Navy. For her services as a member of the Integrated Ship Design System (ISDS) Team, Mrs. Saltz received an Award of Merit for Group Achievement from Captain R. W. King (U.S.N.), Com- manding Officer of the Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Washington, D. C. The team that worked on the ISDS project completed a pilot model for a technical feasibility demonstration given in early 1970. The members of Dr. Charyk presents Mrs. Irmgard Reiger with a plaque like those used to com- the group were recognized for their memorate the Labs auditorium in honor of her late husband , Siegfried I f. Reiger. efficiency and teamwork in putting Looking on is Peter Reiger. the pilot model together within a short time under difficult conditions. At the Labs Mr. I Icfele was recognized for outstanding achievement and leadership in his reserve unit by the Command- ing Officer of the Naval Reserve Se- Reiger Auditorium is Dedicated curity Group Division (5-14).

In a simple ceremony at the end of Mr. Hefelc's unit entered competi- The Reiger Auditorium is fully tion based on overall unit performance, January. the auditorium at COMSAT equipped with modern audio-visual drill attendance and completion of two Laboratories was named Reiger Au- equipment and was designed for pre- weeks' active duty for training. The ditoriuni in memory of the late Sieg- sentations to groups as small as a unit won first place in the Fifth Naval fried H. Rciger, COMSAT's Vice dozen or as large as several hundred. District competition and second place President - Technical from the early The capacity of the auditorium can be in a field of 96 entries on the national days of the corporation until his death doubled, as it was during the dedica- in 1970. level. The unit received a first-place tion ceremony, by opening the folding trophy and plaque for the District vic- Mrs. Reiger and their son, Peter, wall between the rear of the auditorium tory and a letter of commendation were present for the cerenlonv. and the cafeteria and utilizing cafe- from the Secretary of the Navy for its Assistant Vice President W. L. teria space and chairs. ranking in national competition. Pritchard, Director of the Laborato- The commanding officer of the unit. ries, welcomed several hundred em- L. M. Deleon, cited Mr. Hefelc's ployees and guests and gave a brief', achievements in a letter to COMSAT moving tribute to the man whose tech- President Joseph V. Charyk in which nical judgment guided the establish- COMSAT he stated that "the unit's progress and ment of the successful international success could not have been possible satellite communications system and Scholarship without Mr. Hefele's dedicated coop- whose foresight led to the founding of eration and devotion to duty." COMSAT Laboratories . Mr. Pritch- All employees who wish to en- ard said that Mr . Reiger was a man of ter their children in the 1972 vision and intellectual courage who COMSAT Scholarship Program had the very rare gift of distinguishing must file a scholarship applica- Glaucoma Clinic between crucial issues and those which tion by March Is, 1971. Chil- eventually take care of themselves. A glaucoma clinic for Ileadquarters dren who were high school ju- Dr. Joseph V. Charyk, President of personnel will he held on March 16 in niors in October 1970 and who COMSAT, then formally dedicated the fourth-floor auditorium. As it part took part in the NMSC testing the auditorium by presenting a memo- of the one-day clinic, employees will at that time arc eligible. Scholar- receive information about glaucoma rial plaque to Mrs . Rciger . In his re- ship applications should be sub- marks, Dr. Charyk expressed hope and have their eyes examined for the mitted to John Little, person- disease. Hazcline Durant, health unit that the work begun by Siegfried nel. Reiner would be pressed forward. nurse, plans to distribute details about the clinic. rage b Directors Elect John L. Martin, Jr., L.A. Personnel AVP for Domestic and Aeronautical Escape Hazards Of Recent Quake John L . Martin , Jr., has been elected as an Assistant Vice President for By Dee Wallace Domestic and Aeronautical Satellite The disastrous earthquake of Febru- Systems. ary 8 took place about 27 miles north Mr. Martin retired as a Major of Los Angeles, close enough to shake General last year after nearly 30 years' up the COMSAT West staff but far service in the U.S. Air Force. He enough away to spare us any severe came to COMSAT a year ago as a damage or injury. Special Assistant to the President. Some residential areas were without He was elected to his new position electrical power and telephone service by action of the Corporation ' s Board for several hours following the 6:00 of Directors. In his new position, Mr. a.m. earthquake, and swimming pools Martin will continue to report directly in the area lost as much as a couple to Dr. Joseph V. Charyk, President. feet of water. In announcing the Board ' s action, Residents of the San Fernando Val- Dr. Charyk said that establishment of ley were evacuated from their homes a project office for domestic and aero- when the Van Norman Reservoir nautical satellite systems would pro- threatened to break loose from its vide a "corporate focal point for these dam. The reservoir water has been important programs at an appropriate pumped out to nearby streams, re- level in the Corporation." lieving some of the pressure from the COMSAT currently is extensively weakened dam walls. engaged in development of domestic Most people at COMSAT West in- satellite services and has proposed curred some breakage to household aeronautical services by satellite. nology. He is a life member of Tau items, but, in general, losses were Mr. Martin holds a bachelor's de- Beta Pi, an honor engineering fra- slight. gree from the Polytechnic Institute of ternity, and is an Associate Fellow of INTEI,SAT IV PARTY Brooklyn, and a master's degree from the American Institute of Aeronautics the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- and Astronautics. While the majority of the COM- SAT West crew was at Cape Kennedy for the INTELSAT IV launch , several of the wives and employees enjoyed an evening at the Los Angeles Music Center . Ovid's Metamorphoses was INTELSA T Satellites To Be Used performed at the Mark Taper Forum. For Testing Unmanned Earth Station At Andover

The National Science Foundation such research programs are conducted. CEA Celebrates has consulted COMSAT regarding a COMSAT reviewed the request and proposal for the establishment of a made the necessary application to the small unmanned earth station in Ant- ICSC on behalf of the National Sci- Its Annual Party arctica to transmit scientific data via ence Foundation for access bk an un- By Joanne Witas the INTELSAT system on an experi- manned station to an INTI•.LSAT The Mexican Chicken Coop was the mental basis. satellite for one month on an experi- local restaurant chosen by the Andover The nonstandard station would be mental basis . The ICSC approved the CEA members to serve the party of located near McMurdo Station. It project in .January 1971. 70 persons who braved the snow and would enmplo% an 8-foot antenna and Under the terns of approval, COM- had weather to make the annual din- would send geophysical data via a SAT as INTFLSAT' s Manager first ner a successful one. The menu fea- Pacific INTELSAT satellite to the will test the electronic equipment tured a main course of roast beef Jamesburg Earth Station. The data to be used in Antarctica through the served with all the trimmings. would be forwarded by landlines to experimental station located adjacent Andover received 666 envelopes Stanford University for analysis to its Headquarters building in Wash- from stamp collectors to commemorate and use by scientists and researchers. ington , D.C., in order to determine the launch of Apollo 14 astronauts. The unmanned facility could serve as that the equipment will operate prop- Cachets of the Andover station were a prototype for a possible network erly and pose no interference to IN- applied to each envelope before it was of future stations capable of auto- TELSAT service . The second phase returned to the sender via the U.S. matically collecting and transmitting consists of a one-month test of the mail. data from remote areas of the suh- Unmanned station at its site in Ant- Nippon Electric Company of Japan continent. Some 16 nations, including arctica . COMSAT also will seek FCC sent its representative F. Kobayashi the U.S. and U.S.S.R., are signatories approval for operation of the experi- to Andover to install additional multi- to the Antarctica Treaty under which mental nrniect Armin Friedli Niklaus Bertschinger John Rotteicel

Students Benefit From IAESTE Exchange Experiences

The IAESTE : program is in its in corporate operation, especially in Mr. Bertschinger ' s wife, Maria, is twenty-third year of shifting students the U.S. business structure , and the here with him . While here, she is pol- from one country to another for the corporation ' s relationship to INTEL- ishing up her English for her job as a purpose of cultural and technological SAT. lie had expected to find work translator in Zurich. exchange . I n recent years, the Inter- here fast-paced and was anxious to Mr. Bertschingcr is now working on national Association of the Exchange compare it to the European industrial the updating of the microwave data of Students for Technical Experience structure. base, a computerized list of all micro- (IAESTE) has grown to number al- But in reality Mr . I'riedli found wave uses in the U . S. He thinks COM- most 10,000 participants a year. while that work here isn't as rushed as he SAT's data base is the best one now the number of countries participating had first thought it might be . "Effi- available. He is also working on prob- has reached 43. ciency," he said , " seems to be the ele- Ienis of frequency interference. In COMSAT is one of 106 American nment that makes the American busi- these areas , he has the chance to use firms and universities taking part in ness operation work. I think that's his engineering background while the current program . Presently there good." doing some computer programming. are three IAESTE exchange person- However, Mr . Friedli also expressed One of the Bertschingers ' meniora- nel working at Headquarters. Each an appreciation for the casual, more ble experiences since coming here was participant has completed a minimum personal atmosphere he has found being flooded out of their apartment of three years of college-level work in in companies in and around Zurich. in Arlandria . "The people' s attitude technical and allied fields , and each "We seem to know the people we toward the flooding was great," he brings with him a certain interest in work with better," he commented. commented . " and they seemed to take sharing technological knowledge Mr. Friedli's assignment at COM- it all in stride. I guess they should. among nations. SAT ends this June, and afterwards though, since it happens twice a year." he hopes to spend more time touring When Mr. Bertschinger Armin Friedli ' s stay at the United States. He plans to return COMSAT is completed, he and his Armin Friedli came to the corpora- to Zurich and the ETH to take courses wife plan to travel across the U. S. tion in June of last year from Zurich, needed to complete his Ph. D. in math. and then on to Japan and the Asian Switzerland, where he had completed continent before returning to Zurich. his master's-level work at the Eidke- Niklaus Bertschinger no.csische Technische Hockschule Also from the Zurich area and the John Rotteveel (ETH) in mathematics. For his train- ETH is Niklaus Bertschingcr, who is Working with Mr. Friedli in the eeship, he has been working for How- currently with the systems engineer- earth station implementation division ard Prescott in the earth station im- ing division. This is the electrical engi- is John Rotteveel, who came to the plementation division. neer's second stay in the U.S.: he was corporation after completing his third Before coming to COMSAT. Mr. here for the first time for a year of year of electrical engineering studies Friedli said he had particular interests high school study in New England. (See Student Exchange , Page 17) Page 7 Apollo 14 TV Is Seen Worldwide

"Right now I am sure this broadcast is going direct/v overseas to mil- lions of people who are seeing it in their homes through satellite, and I think many people have said that this improvement in communications through the space satellite will certain- lv go a long way in solving the problems of the world, problems of under- standing between peoples of different nations and different countries." Astronaut Alan B . Shepard From the Apollo 14 spacecraft Sunday , Feb. 7, 1971

NASA flight controllers in the Mission Control Center in Houston watch the Some 24 different earth stations and Apollo 14 lunar exploration on their own screen brought to them in live television four different INTELSAT satellites over the IN'TELSAT system. over three oceans were used in relaying live color telecasts of the Apollo 14 moon mission to a worldwide audience. From lift-off on January 31 to splash-down in the South Pacific on February 9, broadcasters abroad leased a total of 95 hours and 24 minutes of satellite receive time for telecasts of the moon flight. NASA used another 12 hours and 48 minutes for reception via the INTELSAT satellite system of video pictures transmitted by the astronauts during certain periods of the actual walk on the lunar surface. Thus, in all, including time used by broadcasters and NASA, a total of 108 hours and 12 minutes of receive time and 63 hours and 57 minutes of transmission time was leased on the INTELSAT system during the mission. This data is maintained by Marv Stickland, wife of Aviation Week's Zack Strickland, looks over the COM- COMSAT's marketing department. SAT display in the Joint Industry Press ('enter in Houston. The total number of hours fell short of the more than 200 hours of satellite time utilized for the historic first Apol- lo I I moon-landing flight in July 1969. But due largely to growth of the global system, more earth stations participated in the Apollo 14 flight (24) than did during the epic Apollo I1 mission, when 21 stations took part. Four INTELSATF III series satellites were used to relay the Apollo 14 TV coverage-two over the Atlantic, one over the Pacific and one over the Indian Ocean. The earth stations involved in transmitting or receiving the broadcasts included six U.S. stations, six in Latin America, five in Europe, five in the Western Pacific and two stations in the Mideast. In addition, a small transportable station antenna was employed to transmit TV coverage A week prior to the Apollo 14 launch , ('OMSA' I' directors and officers received a of the splashdown from the deck of briefing at the Apollo Mission Director Center, which adjoins the vehicle assembly the recovery ship, the USS New building at Cape Kennedy. The purpose of their visit was to observe INTELSAT Orleans. IN' launch orenarations. Global Satellite Use Increases 52% in Past Year

Full-time commercial use of the global satellite system increased by approximately 52 percent in 1970, continuing a strong growth trend. The gains resulted from generally increased international communications volume, from increased numbers of earth stations in the global system which foster new demand for satellite service and from increased reliance on satellite services by large communications entities in the U.S. and abroad. The growth in U.S. communications via satellite was approximately 55 percent in 1970. Use of the satellite system by all other nations continued Don Chontos, left, who headed the Headquarters LGF drive, reviews the award its strong growth trend also, with a plaques received at the U(;F luncheon by John hill, Corporate Relations, on behalf 49 percent gain. of COMSAT employees.

Influencing Communications Growth Satellite service had a positive effect Corporation Receives UGF A wards on international communications volume in countries which formerly had COMSAT employees have received two awards from the United (livers Fund access only to relatively poor interna- for their participation in the fund drive conducted in the fall of 1970. The UGF tional communications facilities. For supports over 60 charitable organizations in the greater Metropolitan area, for example. after satellite services be- which it has collected S27 million in the past two years. came available in Argentina, the vol- The Outstanding Community Service Award recognizes that at least 90 per- unme of telephone and message traffic cent of the corporation's employees contributed to the UGF Fund, indicating a between that country and the United high level of civic participation. This honor was shared with 139 other companies States approximately doubled, from and organizations that demonstrated similar civic interest. an average of about 200 telephone and The second award, the Three Year Yardstick Award, was received by the message calls a day in September 1969 corporation for increasing its contribution by 50 percent within the three-year to more than 400 a day in September period 1967-1970. 1970. In Brazil , communications with These awards and others were presented by Joseph B. Danzansky. UGF Gen- the United States increased by more eral Chairman, to community participants at the annual UGF Dinner held at than 100 percent in 1969, the first year the Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C., on February 17. of operation of its earth station, and increased by more than 50 percent in Communications Paths munications common carrier facilities, 1970. The number of communications continued to he for voice and record Within Latin America paths or routes in the global satellite circuits. Telephony alone accounted system is increasing significantly each for approximately 79 percent of the Communications within Latin year. In 1965, satellite service was utilization of the satellites and for a America, between countries separated available only between North Amer- corresponding portion of satellite sys- by such natural barriers as mountains ica and Western Europe, and by only tem revenues in 1970. and jungles. have also increased one satellite path at any given time. As of December 31, 1970, users were markedly with the introduction of However, by the end of 1970. there leasing full-time from INTELSAT for satellite services. were 131 paths in full-time use be- voice and record service the equivalent In Africa and the Middle East, the tween the 51 antennas and five satel- of 4,388 half-circuits, compared to availability of satellite services and lites in operation in the global system. 2,992 a year earlier. Of these, 2,762 usage is also growing. For example, These paths extend between all con- were in the Atlantic region, 1,312 were Kenya, which formerly had only poor tinents except Antarctica. They link in the Pacific region and 314 were in telecommunications links to Europe, the Indian Ocean region. directly 30 nations with earth stations was using a total of 24 full-time voice and more than 25 others which are be- COMSAT was leasing full-time to circuits at the end of 1970: Kuwait was ing served indirectly through terres- its customers on December 31. 1970. a using 18 circuits in the Indian Ocean trial links with nearby nations hav- total of 2.139 equivalent half-circuits, satellite to the Far East and Western ing earth stations. a gain of 704 during the year. This Europe. The completion of earth sta- COMSAT utilization comprised 1.225 tions in such nations gives them, for equivalent half-circuits in the Atlantic Full=Time Voice and Record Service the first time, direct, high-quality com- region, 790 in the Pacific region and munications links, via satellite, with The predominant use of the satellite 124.3 for Project Apollo communica- other nations having earth stations. system, as of other international coni- tions. ICSC Actions

The fifty-first meeting of the Interim Communications Satellite Committee was held from January 13-20, 1971, in Washington, U.C. Eighteen members, representing a total of 49 signatories, were present at the meeting. Highlights of the meeting were: • Approval of the request of Mauri- tania for a quota of 0.05%. • A decision that the cost of the 1NTELSAT Ill, F-8, satellite should be depreciated from the date of launch over a period of four and three-quarters years: that is, to the end of the accounting life of the INTELSAT III series. • A decision to make new authoriza- tions for the INTELSAT R&D program for 1971 of $2,290,000 for in- house expenditures and $2,215,000 for contract commitments, a total of $4,505,000. • A decision to adopt a seven-year depreciation period for INTELSAT IV Listening to Wilbur L. Pritchard, Labs Director ( back to camera are deft to ), satellites and to depreciate the cost right ) FCC Chairman Dean Burch ; Commissioners H. Rex Lee and Thomas Hous- of a launch failure in the INTELSAT er (partially hidden); Lucius D. Battle, Vice President-Corporate Relations; IV series over a seven-year period Commissioner Robert Wells; John Keyes, Labs planning and applications manager; from the operational date of the next Sidney Metzger, Assistant Vice President and Chief Engineer; Commissioners successful INTELSAT IV satellite. Nicholas Johnson and Robert E. Lee (partially hidden ); and David C. Acheson, Vice President and General Counsel. • Ill response to the request of Dr. Santiago Astrain, Chairman of the Intersessional Working Group, the FCC Commissioners Visit Labs ICSC agreed to provide the Re- sumed INTELSAT Conference with For Briefing on Research a ten-year financial projection (1971- Activity 1980) indicating, on a year-by-year basis, estimated INTELSAT net Chairman Dean Burch of the Fed- plexing techniques branch , he pointed capital contributions and outstand- eral Communications Commission and out the terminal which participated in ing contractual capital commitments, five of the Commissioners were given the field tests of the MAT-I system in in order to assist the Conference in a tour of COMSAT Laboratories on the Pacific area last summer. considering the question of a capital Tuesday. January 19. Commissioners The Commissioners showed con- ceiling to be included in the new Thomas J . Houser , Nichola s Johnson, siderable interest in apparatus that Operating Agreement. The com- H. Rex Lee, Robert E. Lee and Robert simulates the effects of fuel sloshing in bined total of net capital contribu- Wells accompanied the Chairman. a spinning satellite . Although the tions plus outstanding contractual transparent fuel container spins quite Dr. Joseph V. Charyk, President, capital commitments was estimated rapidly, the sloshing effects of the fuel opened the Labs tour with introducto- to amount to as much as $507 mil- can he observed through a closed-cir- ry remarks . Wilbur L. Pritchard. As- lion in 1975. cuit television hookup. sistant Vice President and Director The Commissioners also toured the • A decision to approve the 1971 bud- of COMSAT Laboratories , described Environmental Test Laboratory, get, after aligning it with the ten- the organization and mission of the Chemical Processing Laboratory and year projection of INTELSAT ex- Labs and conducted the party around the Photography Lab, inspecting the penses, by including in the 1971 bud- the facility . At the close of the tour, thermal vacuum chamber, anechoic get $5 million for launch of the the visitors attended a luncheon at the chamber , INTELSAT 11, F-5, $2.5 million Laboratories. etching and plating facility and the high-precision reduction cam- for modifications to the INTELSAT Mr. Pritchard emphasized present era. IV satellites, and about $500,000 research and development in digital In addition to Dr. Charyk and Mr. for preliminary development work television transmission and time-divi- Pritchard , the guests were escorted by on INTELSAT V satellites. sion signal processing . In the television COMSAT Vice Presidents David C. • A decision that, retroactive to Janu- and communications analysis branch, Acheson. Lucius D. Battle and James ary I, 1970. the entire amount of the Mr. Pritchard demonstrated the ef- J. McTernan . Jr., and Assistant Vice 617t interest collected on late pay- fects of TV sampling and signal com- President and Chief' Engineer Sidney pression . In the switching and nmulti- MetLeer. Facilities Personnel Housekeepers for the Labs

The Labs facilities branch, which is responsible for the general housekeeping duties performed at the Labs, includes under one roof several smaller shops with specific duties. The groundskeepers, electricians, carpenters, shippers and receivers, draftsmen and operating engineers work together to keep the Labs in good working form. According to Clarence B. Crane, facilities branch manager. the function of the facilities division is to operate and maintain the Laboratories buildings, including ant' construction, expansion or revision. Facilities personnel also provide service and assistance for the scientific portions of the Labs. This includes anything from supplying new electrical outlets to designing and building special cabinets for experiments. It sometimes means tackling the physical problems that arise in Irving to maintain temperature- controlled rooms for housing experimental equipment, and also includes caring for the land surrounding the Labs. In short, the facilities branch personnel are COMSAT's "jacks-of=all-trades".

As supervisor of a wide variety of operations and maintenance functions, Clarence B. Crane, facilities branch manager , refers to his multitalented crew as the "F Troop".

Carpenter Jack Allison guides through Ray Worthmiller , right , contract ser- a table saw the wood strips that will be vices supervisor , discusses schedules used to finish the cabinet he is building. architectural draftsman, with Wackenhut Sergeant Al Gray, His duties include special construction Frank Hess, who oversees the 24-hour guard assign- projects needed by scientists for experi- prepares contract drawings for building and ground improvements. ments. mental projects. 1 , drainage, Operating engineers regulate the mechanical systems such as the air-flow Myers check the heating and air -conditioning units . Gideon Doolin, left, and Arthur pressure in the chilled water system , which circulates the water into an air chamber that in turn cools the air.

Mrs. Elsie Price is the office secretary.

Shipping-and-receiving crew members often handle large deliveries with a forklift. driven here by George Hewlin, who discusses delivery orders with John Becker while Steve Motosicky adjusts the payload. Another member of the crew, Fred Seaman, was not available for the picture.

Electrical operations are handled by engineer F . X. Coffey, who oversees the power system which feeds the 17,800 fluorescent tubes that light the Labs as well as the numerous power inputs Groundskeepers Larry Pearre, left, and Howard Haines hook attachments to the needed for the computer and experi- tractor in preparation for the spring grounds care . The men are in charge of the mental purposes . Another engineer, Lee landscaping and care of the 210 acres surrounding the Labs. Nusbaum , shares these duties. From Page 9 ICSC Actions

merits of contributions by individual signatories should he allocated to COMSAT. • A decision , pursuant to Article VI (b) of the Interim Agreements, that additional contributions of up to $100 million will be required during the projected interim period. • A decision to authorize the Manager to negotiate a contract with S.I.T. Siemens in the amount of approximately $125,000 for the develop- nment of digital speech interpolation equipment. • Approval of the nonstandard earth station proposed by the National Science Foundation to be used in an Antarctic geophysical experiment for access on an experimental basis to the Pacific INTELSAT III or IV. The experiment was approved for a one-month period. • A decision to authorize the installation of active jet nutation dampers at no cost to INTELSAT for the INTELSAT IV. F-3 through F-8, spacecraft. • A decision to ask the ICSC/T to investigate carefully , Checking the plans for the I.ahs public health programs are Mrs. Betty ' Mowen, and as soon as R.N., and I )r. Mealy, s ho acts as an advisor to the Health init. possible, alternative methods of pro- ceeding with the development of the INTELSAT V program, including the possibility of an experimental Labs Health Unit Offers Plans satellite program as envisaged by the Manager. For Extensive Services in 1971 • A decision that either the INTEL- SAT III, F- 6 or F-7 satellite would be available for use as a global replacement satellite. The Labs medical health programs Special programs include diet clubs The next regular meeting will be for 1971 are off' to a good start, accord- for employees wishing to gain or lose held March 17-24. in`a to the Labs health unit nurse, Mrs. weight. For its current program, the Betty Mowen. Plans for the year in- health unit is conducting sensible exer- clude the regular medical programs, cise classes in 15-minute sessions three such as the blood drive conducted on times a week. Friday, February 5, continued review Mrs. Mowen feels that one of the Ham Radio Operators for the first aid volunteers and the spe- most important functions is the one-to- cial programs run each month in addi- one counseling she is able to provide Aid During Earthquake tion to the basic health unit care. the Labs personnel. Perry Klein sat in his office on the Included in the regular health pro- "Many people come in with special sixth floor, tuning in on conversations granms are first aid treatment, a pro- problems or questions about operations between hams in California and hams gram to provide safety glasses, laser and illness," she said, "and it gives me in other parts of the country. He was eve exams and pre-employment exams. a chance to explain medical subjects in contacting persons in the Los Angeles Also included are immunization clinics, lay terms. It also gives the employee a area during the recent earthquake with safety committee counseling and the chance to learn about medical care messages from relatives and friends in workmen's compensation program. through a relatively effortless educa- the Washington area. In addition to Mrs. Mowen's ser- tional program." Dr. Klein was one of the six ham vices, the Labs personnel are also operators who relayed almost 1,000 served by a team of six first aid vol- messages telephoned into the George- unteers who are certified to administer town University station, WGTB, by first aid in emergency cases. Three of Classified Ads concerned persons. Ham operators the six volunteers are also qualified to and WGTB announcers worked instruct first aid courses, which they tJ . i 's l b D 3 pairs ice skates (Wren'.' through the night following the earth- will be conducting for employees dur- sizes ): i pair rink roller skates Contact: quake and into the next day to get the ing the coming year. Jim Shreve - Room 5045 , Lit 6544. messages through. From Brewster Hobbies Pick Up In Midwinter Lull

This month the Jim Erskine family makes the headlines at Brewster. Elaine Erskine is a talented artist who has been producing decorative figurines. Several of them were recently on display at the station. Elaine's husband, .1im. facilities engineer, has had his hands full trying to keep the station clear from snow. Besides washing down the snow from the antenna, keeping the roads and sidewalks clear is proving to he a full-time task.

New BCEA Chairman Jack Wohlford has been appointed the new Brewster CEA chairman for the coming year.

Jim Erskine gets all decked out in cold Elaine Erskine's figurines are popular Recreation weather gear to clear away the snow. with station personnel. Skiing and snowmobiling are at a peak in the great Northwest, and many of the Brewster families are enjoying the big outdoors. Stu Miller did a great job handling arrangements for a gathering of outdoor enthusiasts From Etam held on January 31. Even though we like all the snow, the wildlife is having a difficult time New Council Will Head ECEA; surviving. Many of the employees have obtained feed from wildlife officials to help the chukars, pheasants and quail Activity Schedule Set for Year get through the winter.

By Deloris Goodwin WIN Spencer Everly has been appointed Roger Parsons, station engineer. to serve as chairman of the Etam and Gerald Reeves, senior technician, COMSAT Employees Association for visited Headquarters in earls February 1971. Members on the council include to attend the INTELSAT IV, F-?, Darrell Riddle, Bill Mayes, Don Gas- transition meeting. ton and Beverly Budd . Activities planned for the new year consist of Proficiency Training Program a picnic, an "employees only" party, A proficiency training program is a children's Christmas party and an under way at Etam. Tentatively, train- employees' Christmas party. ing will commence after transition to INTELSAT IV, F-2. Each of the Etam's Budding Flying Club operations supervisors will be given Members of the red operations a primary area for training, such as team, James Evans, operations super- (ICE, :MUX and Antenna. Approxi- visor, and Spencer Everly and Dar- mately one week will be used for pre- rell Riddle, senior technicians, have paring the material to he presented aspirations of becoming the "Red and then a month will be spent with Barons" of Etarn since all three are each operations team disseminating currentl\ taking flying lessons. It has the information . This is a Tong-range been suggested that the employees training program designed to keep the chip in to buy them leather helmets, proficiency of our operations techni- Jim Silvus, right, presents Rupe Hobbs goggles and scarves, so then will be cians at a high level. with the Drazah l tefas award for leav- appropriately dressed. William Car- Refresher demonstrations on the ing the paper -cutter blade in a vertical roll, station manager, and Sam St. resuscitator and fire extinguishers position. The award , a coconut monkey, Clair. senior technician, are already were recently given for operations, is given to persons caught violating licensed pilots. facilities and maintenance technicians. safety practices. Participating in the Headquarters Ping-pong tournament were (left to right) Nate Tonelson, Al Yenyo, John Maddox, Ruth Peed, George Skinner, Randy Williams and Roman Rollins (doubles champions ), Kitty Stephenson, John Rotteveel, Bill Simms, John UeCaro and Marty Levine. Hasin Ilasmi and Tom Kelly Inot pictured ) also took part.

CEA Headliners Club Activities and Special Events in Full Swing

By Beverly Nitkowski

The COMSAT amateur radio club Radio club members have been in Another event that was not missed recently participated in the Annual contact with the let Propulsion Lab by astronomy club members was the VHF Radio Contest. The object of in California and the American Radio eclipse of the moon, which began this contest was to talk to as many Relay League (WLAW). Other clubs February 10 at 12:52 a.m. EST and stations as possible on the "very high helping on the project are the Cape ended at 4:37 a.m. Totality occurred frequency amateur bands". After a Kennedy, Goddard. IBM and ARINC between 2:00 a.m. and 3:25 a.m. solid week of getting the equipment amateur radio clubs. Members of the club are continu- ready, the Telstar command trans- ing work on making occultations of mitter inherited by the club malfunc- the stars. Peter Hartwell is building tioned. The transmitter was working Astronomy Enthusiasts his own telescope. New members are on the 144 MHz amateur band prior See Apollo 14 Dump, always welcome. Contact Vic Slahin- to its untimely demise. ski, Lxt. 6328 or Bill Young. Ext. In spite of problems that arose Eclipse of the Moon !,792. immediately preceding the contest, At present, l.ahs members are in- 61 stations throughout six states were Members of the astronomy club are volved in the joint construction of a contacted, and the score was quite husy these days with the many in- simplified walkie-talkie. Radio club respectable. Cal Cotner subsequently teresting sights of the winter skies. members would like to get other clubs advised that the transmitter is now Vic Slahinski, an active member of the interested in this area. alive and well. club, observed a dump from the space- For information, contact Mr. Mail- ship while tracking the Apollo 14. Ile let, president. on Ext. 4259. Second Amateur Satellite said he could not identify exactly what The amateur radio club members, he saw, but that it appeared to he a United Buying Service together with members of clubs in cloud. When any type of liquid is United Buying Service is your key Australia. Germany and Texas, are dumped from a spacecraft, he said, to great discounts on cars, furs, furni- presently engaged in building the the liquid vaporizes and reflects sun- ture, carpeting and appliances. Call second amateur satellite. light and appears to us as a cloud. 657-1920. More CEA Events a Homeowner Club Revival Planned

This year, CEA is trying to bring back one of its original clubs which lost ground for a couple of years-the homeowner's club. This club can provide a great service to the majority of CEA members, whether they are homeowners or apartment dwellers. Club members have guaranteed that women will not be forgotten. At their first meeting, an interim committee was set up under the direction of Chairman Jack Phiel. Com- mittee members are working on the possibilities of discounts on lumber and building supplies. group rental of large tools such as chainsaws. paint sprayers and Rototillers; monthly speakers, and interior decorating ideas. If you would like to get in on this M great opportunity to save some money, COMSAT's girls' basketball team ( wearing red) means business when it gets out on contact Jack Phiel. New members the court . The team played in the District Recreation League. and new ideas are welcome.

Boating Club An informal organizational meet- Athletics Mardi Gras Dance ing was held recently to begin Since softball season is just around plans for incorporation and purchase the corner, it is time to organize teams This year, CEA's social calendar of a new boat. CEA has allocated seed at the Plaza and Labs. Interested began early. A Mardi Gras Dance fea- money to help cover expenses, but players should contact CEA's athletics turing "The Personalities." popular Lou Early, club president, said that director Jack Dicks, Ext. 6864. In- it is his hope and the hope of other rock band, was held February 27 at the terested women players should contact club members that new interest will Knights of Columbus Hall, Forest- Bev Nitkowski, Ext. 6141. ville, Maryland, from 9 p.m. to I a.m. arise to help in purchasing a boat. It is hoped that enough interest will The party was BYOB (setups fur- A small membership fee will be be shown to enable the organization charged which will actually he an in- nished), free beer, chips and pretzels. of a men's and omens team at both Door prizes and prizes for costumes vestment share in the boat. When a locations. Coaches are needed for all were awarded by "Miss CEA 1971", boat is purchased. it will he made teams. Sandy Brown, of COMSAT Labs. available to all members at a slight The Labs' volleyball team is up- fee. holding the old tradition of' the Labs Mr. Early said that the club has in its struggle for supremacy in the obtained a slip at the Washington athletics field-they've won a few Photography Club Affiliates Sailing Marina where the boat may he matches and lost many. Alan Coburn, club president, ad- docked. The sailing vessel will be The girls' basketball team-"The vises that the COMSAT photography ready for the spring sailing season. Long Shots"-is continuing to pursue club has recently affiliated itself with Table T ennis Anyone? a victory. So far they have won two the Photographic Society of America ganmes, both by forfeit. However, de- (PSA) and the Greater Washington The table tennis clubs, both at the feat has not brought the spirits down. Council of' Camera Clubs (GNN'CCC). Labs and Plaza. are going strong. Instead, the girls continue to play and Affiliation with the PSA and the Winners of the doubles tournament feel that they have more fun every GWCCC will give the club access to held at the Plaza were Roman Rol- time. a variety of photographic activities, lins and Randy Williams in first place exhibitions, competitions and work- and George Skinner and Tom Kelly in Membership Drive shops on both the national and local second. Winners of this tournament The CEA is in the midst of another levels. will play the winners of' the Labs membership campaign . Bert Runfola, Discussions have been held with the Tournament that was held in the fall. membership chairman, is busy collect- officers of the BELLCOMM camera The singles tournament is now ing money and passing out member- club with a view toward possible joint under way at the Plaza. ship cards. Since only CEA members meetings and competitions. can participate in CE:\- sponsored Arrangements have also been made Flying Club events, it would be an advantage to with Eastman-Kodak Company to ob- Interested in learning to fly'.' Con- join. You won't want to miss out on tain a number of interesting slide tact Charlie Heise, instructor and the many events that CEA is planning and tape presentations on various club president , for information. for the year. (See ('EA Stays Active, Page 16) From Page 15 CEA Stays Active

aspects of black-and-white and color photography. The dates for presentation of these programs will be given wide publicity and all COMSAT employees will be welcome to attend and improve their photographic skills. The club, presently 18 strong, is looking forward to an interesting season of photographic activities and welcomes new members . Anyone interested in joining should contact either the club secretary , Linda Kort- bawi. Ext . 6759, or the club president, Alan Coburn , Ext. 6772.

Special for Card Fans Do you enjoy playing bridge, hearts, whiz, rook or some other new and interesting card game and cannot find others who share your enthusiasm in the game". CEA would like to provide a means through which you can get together with various people and Bartlett's Dewey Clav claims the "Great White Hunter" title with the deer he enjoy a good game of cards. Interested'? brought home from his hunting trip. Call Harriet Biddle, Ext. 6071.

From Bartlett Chess Club Elects Officers The COMSAT chess club has Alaskans Receive Initial Live TV elected Jim Shreve its chairman and Jerry Bidlack its activities director for 1971. The club plans a spring tournament in April for all interested Plaza By Jim Shaff and Larry McKenna employees. Meantime. skittles games are played daily in the Employees' Alaska finally received its first live seems that it was dark, the headlights Lounge at lunchtime. Kibitzers and commercial television from the lower for the machine were not working and challengers are invited. 48. Both the NFL playoff and the Bill, her husband, was driving. Her Super Bowl were broadcast live via the total experience consisted of holding Bartlett station. It was a momentous on to Bill with one arm, holding the with the Ballistic Missile Early Warn- occasion for old-time Alaskans who flashlight over his head with the other ing System ( BMEWS ) project. The have not been accustomed to such ser- and screaming, "Slow down'" hurfords stayed there for six and a vice. half years , suffering through some of Bartlett Grows Since the recent heavy snowfalls, the coldest weather imaginable. Tem- one of the biggest problems around Fred Herron joined the Bartlett peratures of 60 ' below zero were com- here seems to be moose. It appears team last December. bringing the sta- nmon and minus 80° was talked about. that the moose find the plowed roads tion force to 10 technicians. Fred, his Last May, George and his wife, a nice haven from the deep forest wife, Sally, and their two children Gail, and their three children, Barbara. snows. However, they are not too came to Bartlett from King Salmon, David and Sharon , left Alaska's in- anxious to share their haven with auto- Alaska. They are getting settled into terior and moved to the banana belt mobiles. Bullwinkle niay he friendly, their new home in Bartlett Park. surrounding the Bartlett Earth Station. but not when he is challenging you for During the summer they lived in their Personality Spotlight the road and you're in a VW Bug. 16-foot camper and last fall moved Born in 1937 in Elma, Washington, into a permanent home built by COM- Snow Machines- Fun for Some George Arvid Furford spent most of SAT. Snow machines are big business in his younger years in the western part The Furfords love Alaskan life and Talkeetna, and many of the COMSAT of the state. After finishing high school especially living in Talkeetna, where families own these magnificent toys. and two years of college, he enlisted in the climate is much milder and there The men find them exciting and a the Navy for four years, during which is more time for them to do things as world of fun. The women, on the other time he was stationed in Germany and a family. hand, sometimes take an entirely dif- then in Turkey. George says. "While we have moved ferent attitude. George's Alaskan adventures began closer to civilization, the virgin sur- Carolyn Patterson relates that her less than a year after leaving the Navy, roundings here are a source of enjoy- first experience on one of these ma- when, after only a week of marriage. ment to all of us . For example , yester- chines was so harrowing that she is he and his wife set out for Clear. day we were able to watch a small hull somewhat reluctant to try again. It Alaska, where he had accepted a job moose feeding in our backyard." L.vmaf+r rvcwa reoruarynnarcn ryn t'age 1 /

From Jamesburg Ali-Frazier Bout Cachagua Valley Residents Defeat Generates Heavy Proposal to Build High Power Dam Satellite Demand The championship fight between By M. Lee Dorsey Clay and Frazier in early March will he one of the most widely televised At a meeting held in late January, Jamesburg received more than 400 sporting events in the history of satel- W. J. I lays, president of the Cali- envelopes on which to apple the sta- lite communications. More than 14 fornia-American Water Company, tion cachet the day of the Apollo 14 earth stations are expected to receive announced that the new power dam lift-off. The local postmaster agreed TV coverage of the fight with three would he built in San Clemente, leav- to stamp all the envelopes with the U.S. earth stations transmitting the ing the residents of Cachagua Valley lift-off date, January 31. bout to INTELSAT Ill satellites. free from construction disturbances. Countries scheduled to receive the Most residents, including several Potpourri fight include Thailand, Korea, Japan. Jamesburg station personnel, were Roy Scheiter, facilities mechanic, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, England, relieved by the announcement. was promoted to senior facilities Puerto Rico. Peru. Mexico, Panama, A year ago the California-Amer- mechanic on January 4. the Philippines and Hawaii. ican Water Company announced that Dr. N. Renzetti of the Jet Propul- Satellite television use increased by preliminary engineering studies in- sion Laboratory and members of the 601 half-channel hours during 1970, dicated that the site near the James- NASA Tracking Panel were given a due in part to ten new earth station burg station in Cachagua Valley was briefing and tour of the .lamcshurg antennas operating in nine foreign the most favorable of five sites in- facilities by John Scroggs, station countries and Alaska. vestigated for the proposed power manager, and Michael Downey, as- TV transmissions by satellite are dam. When the residents of the area sistant station manager. often related to news and sports events, heard the news, they formed a citizens' such as the 1970 World Cup Soccer council to block the action. matches, which generated more than Subsequently, protest letters were 490 half-channel hours of traffic. A sent to the state representative, and record number of 19 earth stations money was raised to cover the court around the globe received and/or costs if legal action became necessan. From Page 6 transmitted the championship match One local artist, lack Swanson, do- between Brazil and Italy. nated a painting valued at $2,500 to be auctioned off to help defray ex- Student Exchange Other widely telecast events last penses incurred by the citizens' group. year were President Nixon's visit to Europe, Prime Minister Wilson's visit The residents' efforts were rewarded at the University of Delft in the Neth- to the U.S., the funerals of Egyptian by the company's decision to build erlands. Like Mr. Friedli, Mr. Rottc- President Nasser and former French the proposed darn at San Clemente. veel would also like to gain more President De Gaulle, Pope Paul VI's The Janleshurg station won't have a experience in computer programming. visit to the Far Fast and Apollo 13 lakefront property after all, but no- When he first arrived in September missions. body really seems to mind. of' last year, Mr. Rotteveel lived with a family in Vienna, Va., that was More international television is ex- \llicro% ase Installation participating in the Experiment in pected in 1971. Already this year The County Planning Commission International Living, a program Apollo 14 generated more than 100 has approved the new alternate micro- matching foreigners with resident hours. wave route proposed by AT&T. For families with the hope of encouraging In the early days of' the satellite, this new link, two 10-foot dish anten- cultural exchange in natural surround- system almost all satellite TV origi- nas will be mounted on the side of the ings. nated or terminated in the U.S. Due to Jamesburg building and a 10- by 16- Motivated to take part in the the growth and flexibility of the sys- foot passive reflector will be erected IAESTE program through his inter- tem over 34 percent of satellite TV on the hillside across the valley. est in computers, Mr. Rotteveel ad- now is non-U.S. traffic. mits he opted to come to the U. S. Worldwide television traffic will con- Apollo 14 ('overage because he thought this country would tinue to increase as new earth stations The .lamcshurg technical staff have the most advanced systems. Also, come into operation. By the end of started tests for the Apollo 14 TV cov- the program provides him with a 1974, an estimated 91 commercial erage early in January and continued chance to gain experience outside his antennas will he operating with the tests throughout the month. A. Trey own country. This is important, he global satellite system. and E. Davis. General Electric per- feels, because Holland, being a small sonnel, were at the station to discuss country, has limited opportunities in test times and details for the mis- his area of interest. sion. Since his arrival. Mr. Rotteveel has Earth Station Developments Several tests were conducted with had a chance to visit many areas along A new earth station at Arvi, India, the GE transportable antenna aboard the eastern shore from New York to near Bombay . went into operation via the USS New Orleans in order to Miami. Before returning to his studies the Indian Ocean satellite on February perfect the reception of the splash- at Delft, he would like to tour more of 21. This increases the number of earth , 1... 1 1 C' The Fourier Series Fourier - Baron, Prefect, Companion To an Emperor, a Tailor 's Orphan

It seems impossible to talk for very As the Revolution disintegrated into long about radio theory with electrical the Terror, the irrepressible Fourier engineers before hearing the name spoke out loudly but ineffectively Fourier*. The Fourier series has be- against the senseless slaughter under come one of the prime mathematical the guillotine for all who dared express tools for the analysis of radio waves. an independent thought. One wonders Yet many who know his name and his how Fourier himself escaped this discoveries know little about the fas- triumph of brutality: perhaps he was cinating man himself. regarded as a curiosity, or perhaps he Fourier was one of those geniuses was next on the list. No one knows. who appear in times of great upheaval But he survived long enough to he and make one wonder whether it's the saved to history (and to mathematics) genes or the times that produce him. by the coming to political power of Baron Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier Napoleon. was born the son of a tailor in Auxerre, In the Emperor 's Stable France, in 1768, a year before Napole- on Bonaparte was born obscurely on Bonaparte was faced with a deci- the island of Corsica. The young mated France. Not only her aristocra- Fourier was known to his neighbors cy but her men of education and ability as a bright but sober little boy. Sud- had been senselessly destroyed. denly. at the age of eight, he was To help rebuild a viable society, he time and energy to carry on his most orphaned. A friend recommended him established first an Ecole Normale and important original work in mathe- to the care of the Bishop of Auxerre. then an Ecole Polyteehnique as centers matics. Jean Baptiste became a ward of the for training the country's future lead- A Star Benedictine order, which conducted a ers. As a reward for his political activi- in the Wane military college in the vicinity. ties in Auxerre, Fourier was invited With the Emperor permanently ex- At the Benedictine school, the boy's in 1794 to accept a post in mathe- iled to St. Helena, Fourier's long per- outward personality began to change. matics. He was a learned, witty, effer- sonal loyalty now worked against him. His brightness became brilliance. His vescent lecturer. He was stripped of his position at soberness became ebullience. The In 1798, Napoleon carried out a Grenoble and only with the help of story goes that by the age of 12 he was long-standing plan to "civilize" Egypt. friends was he able to find a small writing sermons for some of the lazier Impressed with Fourier's learning and bureaucratic post at Paris. A nomina- members of the Paris clergy. He grew loyalty, the Emperor made him one of tion from the French Academy of Sci- into a know-it-all, and he remained a small cadre of intellectuals who ac- ences was refused him by the Bourbon one-sometimes charming, sometimes companied the 500-ship expedition to government. Fourier's reputation as a a terrible bore-for the rest of his life. Alexandria. Aboard Napoleon's flag- scientist was so substantial, however, ship, the hours after dinner each that the Academy overrode the veto, The Revolution Begins evening were devoted to disquisitions electing him first to membership and In 1789 the 21-year-old Fourier was on historical or philosophical topics. then to the post of Secretary. swept up into the whirlwind of the The brief years in Egypt were a The now aging Fourier had some- French Revolution. disaster for Napoleon and miserable how developed the idea, perhaps in His studies in mathematics had ab- for Fourier. The Emperor abandoned Egypt, that the way to preserve one's sorbed more and more of his attention his designs on the Middle East. Four- health was to stay as hot and dry as (although he read voraciously and had ier returned to Paris tired and dis- possible. The last years of his life he become a walking encyclopedia). Be- couraged. As a reward, Napoleon in spent in a suffocating room wrapped cause his undistinguished birth pre- 1802 named him Prefect of the De- up like a mummy, but ceaselessly cluded a commission in the artillery, partment of Isere at Grenoble. talking to his friends. the direction in which his studies at The following years until the One Ile died of a heart attack in 1830. the military academy were leading. he Hundred Days in 1815* were the most Fourier Functions had entered the novitiate for the priest- productive in Fourier's career. As a hood. civil administrator, he saw to it that It was during his early years at After the civil explosion in Paris in conditions in his Department were Grenoble that Fourier worked out an Jul,, 1789, Fourier recognized that he much improved: yet he still had the elegant way to describe periodic (re- could never become a priest. He left peating) functions. His interest was *AJter the disastrous retreat from Moscow and the seminary and returned to the losing the battle of l.eipzi.'. Napoleon abdicated not electromagnetic radio waves, but school at Auxerre, this time as a lay and was exiled to Elba 11814). In 1815 he re- the conduction of heat energy. His instructor in mathematics. At the same turned to France with a nucleus of the "Old first study of the movement of heat time he became more deeply involved Guard". gathered an arms and again seized was circulated in 1807. A formal pre- power. Defeated once more by the British at in revolutionary politics. sentation to the French Academy in Waterloo, he was hani.ched for the rest of his lili, to the island of St. Helena in the South 1812 was attacked by leading mathe- *Pronounced Foor- rar. . I tlantic. maticians as lacking rigorous proof. rage i a

nevertheless, when Fourier published his findings in their final form in 1822, he was sufficiently arrogant not to change a single word of proof from the 1812 version. The Fourier series is a way of de- scribing any sinusoidal (cyclical) wave in terms of the computed values of its harmonics. A simple wave might be described by only a few terms. More and more complicated waves may be described by adding expressions in an infinite series, for example: y=a() + a) cos x + a, cos 2x + a3 cos 3x + . . . + b) sin x + b2 sin 2x + b, sin 3x + .. . Fourier functions have been used to describe not only heat waves and radio waves, but many kinds of recurring events like earthquake cycles and weather cycles. One important application of the Fourier series in communications is to examine the precise effects of given electronic devices on waves. Through Fourier analysis, the operation of a device can be scrutinized by comparing a n given input signal with the correspond- Drs. Campanella and Robinson display the baseband processing branch's analog- ing output signal. digital / digital-analog data link. The device converts analog signals like speech or television to digital form for Fast Fourier Transform ( FFI ) computer analysis. It Fourier Work at COMSAT Labs can also "play back " by reconverting digital data to analog signals for subjective Dr. S. J. Campanella and Dr. evaluation. Guner Robinson of the hasehand processing branch, Coin munications Pro- From Page 3 cessing Lab, have been studying some novel applications of Fourier and other functions* to today's telecommunica- High Power Satellites To Be Used tions systems. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), a for licenses to provide domestic com- the potential of satellites that could be way to obviate the lengthy computa- mercial satellite communications. launched with a less expensive launch tions required in Fourier analysis and The multipurpose system proposed vehicle, such as the Delta. assuming improve compatibility with digital for the first time by COMSAT called that the National Aeronautics and processing at the same time, has ex- for construction and procurement of Space Administration proceeds with citing possibilities. In FFT, a matrix four satellites, three to be placed in the development of a new shroud and computation requiring, for example, orbit, two for full-time use and one an other improvements. 256 X 256 separate operations, is done in-orbit spare, plus a fourth for an on- Each satellite, designed for a seven- in shorthand fashion by using 256 X the-ground spare. sear lifetime, would have 24 trans- log 2 256 = 256 X 8 steps. The success They would he positioned in geo- ponders (individual radio repeaters). of FFT provides faster signal analysis stationary (or synchronous) orbits at They would operate in presently as- and points the way toward an ultra- 22,300 miles altitude above the equa- signed commercial microwave fre- sophisticated signal modulation tech- tor, with antennas focused on the quencies in the 4 and 6 gigahertz range nique: that is, someday in the not-too- United States. to take advantage of known tech- distant future it may be possible to Beams from the satellite antennas nology and readily available com- carry on radio communications by could provide coverage of the 48 con- ponents. transmitting only Fourier coefficients. tiguous states, Alaska. Hawaii and COMSAT said that frequencies If simple earth station coding and de- Puerto Rico. would be used twice through applica- coding equipment using FFT modula- The capacity of a single satellite, tion of cross polarization techniques. tion could be developed, the savings when working with a large 97-foot di- This major COMSAT design feature, in bandwidth and power through the ameter earth station antenna, would the first such application to com- space segment could be of real signifi- be about 14,400 telephone circuits, or mercial satellites, in effect would result cance. more than 1,000 million hits per in doubling use of scarce spectrum second of high speed digital informa- space and maximizing use of limited tion, or 24 color TV channels. orbital parking slots available for satel- *The /undanmental work of Fourier spurred or combinations of these. lites serving the Northern Hemisphere. mathematicians to develop alternative sets of' The satellites would he about 19 feet COMSAT also said it plans to in- orthogonal Junctions. Experiments on Walsh- tall overall, nine feet in diameter, clude equipment in each satellite for Hadamard and llaar functions and the Kar- weigh about 1,600 pounds in orbit, and experimental work with higher fre- hunen-Loeve transform are also under way in the hasehand processing branch in the search he launched by Atlas Centaur or simi- quencies in the 12 and 13 gigahertz for more attractive wars to represent and mudu- lar vehicles. COMSAT also advised range for possible commercial satel- lnfa cinnnlc IU MI t I

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The Headquarters 1971 Blood Drive was held on January' 27 in conjunction with the local Red Cross chapter. Ninety-five volunteers registered to give blood, 72 of whom were C'OMS.4 T personnel. The others were volunteers Iron, the BELLCOMM and METRO of/ices. In order to meet the Headquarters quota for the fam il ►' plan , 36 more pints of blood are needed bed /ore June 30. Prospective donors who were not available at the time of the Blood Drive but still wish to give tear do so at the time of the BELLCOMM Blood Drive planned for April 16. Contact Haeline Durant. health unit nurse , for lirrthcr information. April 1971 Page 2 COMSAT NEWS-April 1971 Commercial Service Begins on IV; News at a Glance Quality Is Considered Excellent • Commercial service begins on INTELSAT IV; Dr. Charyk marks occasion as step forward in satellite communications (Page The first INTELSAT IV satellite In the transfer of traffic from the 2). was placed in commercial operation III F-6 to the new INTELSAT IV sat- on March 26 after a mass transfer of ellite, the earth station antenna point- • FCC asks for further detail on traffic. ings were shifted from the Ill F-6, domestic satellite system propos- Earth stations in 14 nations which which is positioned at 37 degrees west als from those who have filed to had been operating with one of the two longitude, to the Series IV satellite at date (Page 3). Atlantic INTELSAT III satellites 24.5 degrees west longitude. • New approach to sharing the switched their service to the new satel- Before the point-over occurred, how- frequency spectrum is devised by lite in a simultaneous point-over of ever, the beacon receivers at the earth COMSAT and sent to the FCC their antennas. stations were pretuned to the Series IV (Page 5). The point - over was completed in a satellite beacon. Then the point-over • COMSAT' s domestic satellite span of several minutes . It was ac- from the III F-6 was commanded ac- complished as planned at night (9 p.m. cording to a schedule prearranged by proposal receives wide coverage by the mass media ( Page 5). E.S.T.), in a period of low traffic, thus COMSAT as Manager for INTEL- minimizing service interruption. SAT. Antenna drive motors automati- • NASA lets 2.88 million con- Reports from the various stations cally switched the antennas to the new tract to COMSAT Labs for work said that the quality of transmission is pointing in a matter of a few seconds. on the ATS-F spacecraft (Page 7). excellent and that the TV signal is the Also before the point-over could oc- • Credit union reports a success- best to date on any satellite. cur, transmission frequencies and ful year at the annual credit union The INTELSAT IV satellite is now bandwidth being used by the earth sta- meeting held in March (Pages 10- handling about 830 full -time circuits tions were reconfigured to be compati- between 15 earth stations in North ble with the INTELSAT IV. 11). America, Latin America and Western One of the Atlantic INTELSAT • The people in celestial mechan- Europe . These include two U . S. sta- Ills will remain in full-time Atlantic ics keep track of the INTELSAT tions (Etam and Caycy) and stations in service and will continue to handle satellites ( Pages 8-9). Argentina , Brazil , Canada, Chile, essentially the same traffic which it • Why the nutation damper was Colombia, France, Germany, Italy, has been providing over the past year. added to the INTELSAT IV and Mexico, Panama , Peru , Spain and The other Series III Atlantic satellite what functions it performs (Pages Venezuela. has been designated as a spare in orbit, 18-19). The new satellite was launched from available for service wherever it might Cape Kennedy on January 25. While be needed. • CEA's spring activities are the satellite was being positioned, its Following the initiation of commer- more plentiful than ever (Pages communications components were cial service via the INTELSAT IV, 12-13). checked out with c\ccllcnt result. Dr. Joseph V. Charyk, COMSAT President, said: "The entry of the INTELSAT IV Television Reception into commercial service marks another On the Cover On 16-Foot Antenna step in the success of satellite communications. Satellites have shown Shown for First Time their effectiveness and versatility and On the cover is a reproduction have become a vital and permanent of an illustration in the COM- A COMSAT space first was accom- part of communications throughout the SAT 1970 Annual Report to plished on April 1 when the reception world. Shareholders . It depicts COM- of television from INTELSAT IV was "Before the advent of communica- SAT's proposed domestic sat- demonstrated on the 16- foot diameter tions satellites , live color television ellite services , and is one of a antenna earth station located at coverage of important events overseas series of original color paintings L'Enfant Plaza . Various interested was not possible. Now it is taken for which illustrate the report. parties including Bernard Strassburg granted . High-quality telephone and Copies of the Annual Report, of the FCC saw the demonstrations. message services, available only a few which has been mailed to the This is the first time that television years ago on a very limited scale, are more than 120.000 Series I share- has been received on a small antenna. now within reach of all nations through holders of record. are available The quality of the color television and the worldwide system of communica- from the information office. audio signals transmitted from the tion satellites . An earth station , through Etam earth station were very good. The these satellites, can link any area, no April 1971 - Year 6, No. 3 equipment was implemented by the matter how remote, to the rest of the COMSAT News is published for employ- domestic & special project office and world. ees of the Communications Satellite Cor- may have future potential for providing "The increasing ease of international poration by the Information Office. such services to isolated communities communication , symbolized by IN- COMSAT Building, 950 L'Enfant Plaza. S.W.. Washington, D.C. 20024. such as in Alaska . John P . Beyer and TELSAT IV, will have a continued A.V.P. for Public Information Jeffrey P. Steinhorn were the engi- impact on international relationships Matthew Gordon neers in charge of the project. in the nears ahead." Editor: Kay Smith COMSAT NEWS-April 1971 Page 3

providing the initiative to apply it successfully to international communications, and even assisting other nations to develop their own domestic satellite systems, is still without a satellite system to serve its own domestic needs. We in COMSAT are dedicated to es- tablishing a domestic satellite service which will meet the needs of all ele- ments of the using public." Eight major plans, as of this writing. had been placed before the FCC in the domestic satellite services case. Some of the major points in these filings are the following: -COMSAT/AT&T: COMSAT would launch, own and operate, and provide the full capacity of three in- orbit satellites, 24 transponders each, to AT&T: in a separate but related filing, AT&T would purchase the entire capacity of the satellites, and build five major dual-antenna earth stations and connecting links, and use the system as an integral part of its nationwide switched network; COMSAT's investment cost, including a fourth on-the- Discussing the operation of the INTELSAT IV satellite are (left to right) Mr. Jack- ground satellite spare and TT&C facil- son, USIA, Dragoljub Budimouski , Yugoslavia Federal Secretary of Information, ities, would be about $145 million; Richard Colino, Assistant Vice President-international , and Mr . Osolmik of the AT&T estimated its investment cost at Yugoslavia embassy. $65.2 million. -COMSAT: multipurpose system Domestic System Applicants to Give employing three in-orbit satellites, 24 transponders each, owned and oper- Details on Filings at FCC Session ated by COMSAT to serve customers outside of the Bell System; an initial Dr. Joseph V. Charyk is expected to national convention and exposition network of 132 earth stations, growing appear on behalf of COMSAT before held in New York City. eventually to as many as 174 stations; the FCC on April 9, when eight appli- John L . Martin , Jr., COMSAT's service to the 48 contiguous states, cations for domestic satellite com- Assistant Vice President for Domestic Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico; in- munications systems will be outlined and Aeronautical Satellite Systems, vestment cost of approximately $248 by their proponents in closed-door represented the Corporation at the af- million initially for this system serving sessions. ternoon panel discussion held March all types of customers. During the sessions, 30 minutes have 25 in the Trianon Ballroom at the - Hughes/General Telephone: Two been allowed each participant for a New York Hilton Hotel. Other panel- in-orbit satellites, 12 transponders presentation and 15 minutes for ques- ists included representatives of West- each, service primarily to the CATV tioning by the FCC members. Partici- ern Union , AT&T, RCA and a Uni- industry, others on a contract basis pants will not he present for the pres- versity of Pennsylvania professor. and eight transponders committed to entations by others and have been Martin outlined some of the main General Tel for its use, initially two asked to confine their remarks to their points in COMSAT' s proposals before major earth stations, eventually grow- own proposal. the FCC to provide the capacity of ing to "several hundred" for CATV Meanwhile, comments and reply three in -orbit large satellites for use services: an estimated initial invest- comments to the filings of other parties by AT&T, and its own multipurpose ment cost by Hughes of $46.5 million. are due to be submitted to the Com- system proposal filed March 1. -Western Union : Three in-orbit mission by COMSAT and others on satellites, 12 transponders each, and a April 13, barring an extension. "The resulting service will have the spare on the ground. initially some 18 The comments concerning pro- following characteristics," Martin ex- earth stations with additional receive- posed rule-making involve matters plained: only stations to be built for expanded such as whether procurement regula- -"The total capacity is large enough mailgram service; data, TV and voice tions should he imposed by the Com- to serve all presently known needs of service proposed for 48 contiguous mission in the domestic satellite area, all users, large and small, and to allow states, Alaska and Hawaii; estimated issues of access and interconnection, for a reasonable growth of new mar- initial investment cost of $92.3 million. and a series of technical questions, in- kets. -RCA: Two in-orbit satellites, cluding such things as interference, -"The total capacity is not so large growing to three, 12 transponders coordinates and look angles for do- as to make reasonable loading unreal- each: initially 13 major earth stations, mestic earth stations. istic." eventually growing to a total of some Intense interest by many in the do- In conclusion, Martin told the IEEE 406 stations; service of all types to the mestic satellite case also was reflected audience: 48 states. Alaska and Hawaii, with in the scheduling of a panel discussion "It is indeed ironic that this nation. CnPt'I it Pnlnhacic nn ;ntarctats. nna Page 4 COMSAT NEWS-April 1971

From Paumalu Moments Aboard Apollo Recovery Ship Are Notable Ken Elder, operations supervisor who represented COMSAT aboard the Apollo 14 recovery ship USS New Orleans, made several observations in referring to the recovery of Apollo 14. There was much work involved in pre- paring the equipment for the telecast, breathtaking moments awaiting the opening of the parachutes on the cap- sules and the actual splashdown into the Pacific. What you see via television, he said, is not as exciting as the splendor of seeing the chutes open before you. the thrill of seeing the astronauts plucked from the capsule and brought aboard Carlos A. Killian Ernst Eliasen the ship, and the elation of being part of it. Ken, who is a gourmet in his own ICSC Elects Killian as Chairman right, appreciated the Navy fare, which did not consist of a diet of beans. On the contrary, he found The Interim Committee (ICSC) American States. there were many varied, tasty dishes meeting in Washington, D.C., March Mr. Eliasen, the new Vice Chairman- prepared by a staff of experts. He also 17-24, elected as its Chairman Carlos elect, has been a member of the Can- observed the effect of the changing A. Killian of Empresa Nacional de adian delegation to the ICSC since times on today's Navy in the many Telecomunicaciones (ENTEL) of Ar- 1965. He holds a master of science in long-haired and bearded crew mem- gentina. Mr. Killian's term of office engineering from the Polytechnic Uni- bers on board. versity of Copenhagen and is presently will be one year, commencing July I, 100% Licensed 1971. Ernst Eliasen of the Canadian the Vice President. Engineering and Paurnalu now can boast that all of Overseas Telecommunication Corpo- Operations for the Canadian Overseas its electronic technicians meet the ration was elected to serve as Vice Telecommunication Corporation in FCC radio-telephone license require- Chairman. Montreal. ments. With Bob Thorpe, who has Mr. Killian first served as a member been on station for three months, suc- of the Argentine delegation to the cessfully passing the exam on March Committee in 1967. He is a graduate of 8, the Paumalu staff is 100 percent telecommunication engineering from Engineers Visit the University of Buenos Aires and licensed. holds the position of Manager, Inter- COMSA T Labs TTY Class national Services for ENTEL ARGEN- Senior Technician Charles Kraft TINA. returned on March 21 from the month- Mr. Killian has also been an engi- long TTY and BRPE training program neer in the Ministry of Communica- Two Washington area engineering offered by Teletype Corporation in tions of Argentina and has served as groups recently visited COMSAT Lab- Chicago. He was most pleased to advisor in the Telecommunications oratories for dinner and a tour of the return to sunny Hawaii following 30 Division of the National Council of facilities . The guests , accompanied by days of freezing weather in the Windy Development. their wives, were members of the Stan- City. "Lucky come Hawaii," was In international telecommunications, dards Engineers Society and the Parts, Charlie's remark, referring to the long Mr. Killian held the position of Vice Materials, and Packaging Group of trip and the fact that he was happy to President of the Third Plenipotentiary the IEEE. be back in Hawaii. Meeting of the International Tele- Following dinner, the visitors were Five-Year Awards graph and Telephone Consultative greeted by Dr. Pier L . Bargellini, Committee (CCITT) of the ITU in senior staff scientist , and saw the film Two Paumalu employees, Charles 1964 and was Alternate President of "Anatomy of Success". Robert Ogata, operations shift supervisor, and the Argentine Delegation to the Fourth Strauss, manager of the device appli- Charles Wong, applications engineer, Plenipotentiary Meeting of the CCITT cations & reliability branch of the were presented with five-year service in 1968. He currently serves as Presi- physics laboratory, conducted a tour awards, a COMSAT tie bar, by Glenn dent of the Subcommission of Space of the Laboratories, including the en- M. Vinquist. Both employees joined for the Inter-American Telecommuni- vironmental test labs, the chemical the corporation on March 28, 1966, cations Commission (CITEL), an processing lab and the electron micro- and are the pioneers of the Paumalu .,..o..n., within tho flraoni-pAtinn of nrnhe fnrility Station. COMSAT NEWS-April 1971

TO CABLE OR SATELLITE -' WAVEGUIDE -RADIO PATH

PASS'17E REFLECTOR

ENTRANCE LINK CONFIGURATION

shared radio frequencies. The above configuration demonstrates an innovative approach to separating and shielding

Domestic Proposal COMSAT Devises Novel Approach Covered Nationwide For Use of the Frequency Spectrum By Mass Media

An analysis of the news coverage of COMSAT' s domestic satellite system rations and shielding are done in an A novel approach to the use of the proposal indicated that COMSAT's unconventional way. frequency spectrum recently suggested application for a multipurpose domes- The arrangement is a rather simple to the FCC by COMSAT has resulted tic satellite system on March 1 re- one in which a passive reflector is used in the serious consideration being given ceived widespread national news cover- to revising the U.S. proposals to the to attain the necessary conditions. age. The reflector serves to redirect the World Administrative Radio Confer- The extent and depth of the news microwave radiation so that the earth ence (WARC). media coverage of COMSAT' s filing station antenna is effectively removed The new approach would affect the was far greater than that given filings from the microwave beam of the re- space telecommunications section of by other applicants . Based on a study mote station. The local station antenna the WARC with regard to sharing the of news clippings, the sampling showed frequency band of 10.7 to 11.7 GHz. and the earth station antenna are posi- that 293 daily newspapers , with a cir- tioned so as to "look " in opposite di- The new approach is the idea of Jim culation to readers of almost 33 mil- rections, thus achieving the necessary Potts and Hans Weiss, both of the lion, printed stories concerning COM- isolation. technical office, and while very simple SAT's domestic filing. Since the radio relay link exists only conceptually, it represents a drastic de- A breakdown of total figures shows to serve the earth station , it is reason- parture from present practice. that the news items were carried in 245 Until now, it has been assumed that able to design it as an integrated unit Sunday, February 28, editions, fol- which permits the necessary conditions radio relay systems and earth stations lowed by 48 articles in daily news- to be realized. sharing the same frequency bands must papers on Monday, March 1, and in The proposed scheme was studied be physically separated by fairly large the days immediately following. extensively under various conditions distances and should be shielded from In addition to newspaper coverage, which evidenced the technical feasi- one another. news of COMSAT' s domestic proposal bility of the arrangement . The idea is The innovative idea is contrary to was broadcast nationwide , especially being circulated within the U . S. to in- present practices in that it suggests on Saturday evening, February 27, in vite comments and may result in that radio relay systems and earth TV and radio newscasts , by network changes in the U.S. proposals to the stations with which they operate can as well as local stations. share the same frequency if the sepa- WA RC-ST. rage o

Fred Herron Brings Humor to Bartlett In search of challenge and progress, Fred Herron joined COMSAT before Christmas. He and his family moved into spanking new facilities at Bartlett Park. Fred's dry humor is a pleasant and fresh touch around here. Fred was born in Coco Solo, Pana- ma Canal Zone, in 1937. Since his father was in the Navy, frequent moves were in store for him, including ones to such places as Hawaii, California, Texas, Florida and Virginia. Fred graduated from high school in Norfolk, Virginia, and subsequently enlisted in the Air Force. He was initially assigned to schooling at Scott AFB, Illinois, where he received most of his electronic training. His younger brother also enlisted and joined Fred. The two remained together for the duration of their tours. Fred's first civilian job was at Nor-

Bartlett racer Al Sousa carries COMSAT's banner in the Talkeetna to Anchorage World Championship Cross- Country Snowmobile Race. Meanwhile in Talkeetna Bartlett's Tundra Tiger Rides Again By Larry McKenna & Jim Shaff

Al Sousa competed in the Talkeetna Honolulu, then back home to the to Anchorage World Championship Northland. Cross-Country Snowmobile Race. The The snow continues to fall and fall Fred Herron bearded one, driving a 440 Rupp, was and fall up here in paradise. Our prob- sponsored by Bartlett's C EA and his lem has now become a matter of where folk Naval Air Station in the 0 & R machine was provided by the local to put it. Thus far this winter we have Radar section. Later he joined RCA in Rupp dealer. Al turned in an impres- recorded a total of 126.7 inches of the Alaska on the White Alice System. fie sive performance for his first sanc- fluffy stuff. Driving through the Bart- was assigned to a little town, Tanana, tioned race. lett Park housing area is somewhat located on the Yukon River where he Starting from the 356th position akin to driving through the Baltimore worked with Dick Attwood, now at overall and driving on a badly wash- tunnel. Brewster. boarded trail, Al was able to finish Fred met his wife Sally while in Magnificent Retreat twentieth out of 65 machines which Tanana. They have two children, a started the race in his class. Merle Albert was observed resorting boy, Douglas Wayne, and a girl, Char- The two-hundred-mile, two-day to extra adrenalin when retreating lene. course took a heavy toll of machines from a moose that has adopted the After leaving Tanana, the Herrons as only 267 of the 437 machines en- Bartlett Park housing area as its graz- lived at Indian Mt. and were then tered completed the grueling race. ing grounds. Merle found himself lead- transferred to Naknek, where they ing the pack of dogs back to his front spent seven years. Fred was an active Sunflower Child porch. The final results were Merle member of the school board for the Bartlett's California sunflower, Jim first by a neck, Moko the husky sec- Bristol Bay borough. Shaff, is off on his vacation to the sun- ond by a nose, Sam the Labrador re- Naknek is famous for its deep-sea ny Southland. Jim stopped over at triever streaked in third and the moose salmon fishing. Fred and Sally have Jamesburg to visit his old cronies. His was fourth by a length and a half. developed a technique of smoking itinerary includes a long stay at La Merle has been awarded the flying salmon that is considered a delicacy by Paz, Mexico, a short stopover at fickle finger of fate trophy for his feat. many Bartlett friends. COMSAT NEWS-April 1971 Page 7 COMSAT Gets NASA Contract NASA announced on March 26 the award of a contract to COMSAT for the development, fabrication, installation and operation of an advanced communications experiment for the applications technology satellite ATS-F spacecraft. The fixed price contract is for 2.88 million. Under provisions of the contract, COMSAT will provide a spacecraft transponder, a receiver terminal operation, 24 ground transmitter terminals and two prototype transmitters. In addition to space segments, the first to be manufactured by the Labs, COMSAT will operate the experimental ground equipment for a period of six months. Arrangements for the contract with NASA were made by John Keyes, manager, planning and applications, COMSAT Labs. The contract, obtained in a competitive bid situation, was based on a technical scheme de- Luke Engel Gert Van Ommering vised by John Kiesling, Systems Lab. Program manager for the contract will be J. Levatich, manager, systems integration lab, reporting to Emeric "The Projects Are Interesting Ones" Podraczky, manager of the Systems Laboratory. A southerner of sorts, Luke Engel when he first arrived. The design and manufacture of the came to the corporation from Til- "It's the everyday things that give transponder and the 24 earth terminals burg, a small town in the south of you a little trouble in a new town, will be under the direction of Lou Pol- Holland, in June of last year. Having like finding an apartment and trying lack, manager of the RF Transmission taken courses in electrical engineering, to get a car and get it registered when Lab. Lab members on the project will he signed with the University of Tech- everything is completely new to you," be Arnold Berman, Larry Gray and nology at Eindhoven, Holland, to par- he recalled. "Gert and I had a hard Dr. Chris Mahle. ticipate in the IAESTE exchange pro- time getting those sorts of things The Physics Lab, managed by Dr. gram here in the United States. done." Edmund Rittner, will be responsible His exchange program landed him Gert is Gert Van Ommering, a fel- for the reliability and quality assurance a job at COMSAT Labs, working for low Dutchman who is also here on functions. Also working on the project George Dill in the communications the IAESTE exchange from the Uni- will be the device applications and re- processing lab. One of his main proj- versity of Technology at Eindhoven. liability branch under the supervision ects has been to work on development He and Luke share many of their of Robert Strauss. of an onboard computer for attitude IAESTE experiences, especially since Called the ATS/COMSAT propaga- control on the next generation of satel- they share an apartment in Gaithers- tion experiment, its purpose will be to lites. "It's been fun trying to get the burg and the car they were finally able gather data to determine minimum ideas together," says Engel, "but I to get. power margins required for advanced wish I could be around next year communications systems at 13 and 18 Gert has a major in electrochemis- when the ideas are being tested. It'd GHz. The experiment will also investi- try, and since coming to COMSAT be great to see the project through." gate propagation attenuation caused Labs he has been working primarily While Luke thinks the IAESTE by severe localized storm conditions. program has given him valuable work with fuel cells, which provide power experience, he admits to having had for the INTELSAT satellites. He says some trouble getting off the ground that his work with the nickel cadmium Labs in late June, Gert would like the (solar) cells has been very interesting, opportunity to tour some of the U.S. This is the second of a series of and he thinks he's gotten enough ex- before returning to Holland. He and articles on the students partici- perience to use the subject for the Luke haven't had a chance to tour too pating in the International Asso- thesis he has to write when he returns much yet, aside from the cities on the ciation of the Exchange of Stu- to the University. eastern coast. dents for Technical Experience Many of the projects he's done foi "It'd be a great experience to see the (IAESTE) program . The purpose COMSAT have been a part of a group Grand Canyon and some of the west- of the program is to afford stu- effort, since much of the work in the ern coast before leaving this country, dents the opportunity to live and spacecraft laboratory under W. Biller- but I know traveling is expensive," he work in foreign countries, with beck is a teamwork effort. "The proj- thought aloud. "Maybe we should get an emphasis on the cultural and ects are interesting ones," he observed. a Volkswagen bus and just make a technological exchange. After finichina hic nrniertc at the leicnrely trin all the wnv west " Page 8 COMSAT NEWS-April 1971

With a background in celestial mechan- In charge of the astrodynamics branch, Arnold Satterlee, manager, celestial ics, Norm Schroeder, manager , imple- Bill Kinney, Ph.D. in engineering, is mechanics, runs his department with mentation branch, maintains the com- the master planner for mathematical tight coordination between the astro- puter discipline . He must be sure that simulation projects. Here he compares dynamics and implementation branches, what is done on the computer is accu- tracking data from a TT&C station a necessity for the satellite pinpointing rate. with theoretical predictions. function which his people perform.

In Celestial Mechanics

Somebody's Keeping Tabs on Satellites in Orbit

If there' s a department at COMSAT that sounds like an ivy tower institution, it's the celestial mechanics department. From the mere sound of the name , one can conjure up all sorts of fantasies about the ancient magic of heavenly bodies. But, while celestial mechanics literally means the movement of heavenly spheres, that's about as far as the resemblance between the department and ivy tower contemplation goes . The people in celestial mechanics are down to earth. The department performs the theoretical formulations and the subsequent numerical calculations of all the in-orbit information required to operate the INTELSAT ground station and satellite communication network. In carrying out these functions , the staff relies heavily on the use of computers. A major portion of this effort is concerned with satellite station - keeping, a process in which propulsive maneuvers are performed to maintain the orbital position and attitude orientation within prescribed operational limits during its lifetime. The department is organized into two branches. The astrodynamics branch develops the mathematical techniques which are necessary to describe the satellite 's dynamic motion . This requires maintaining an accurate mathematical description of the forces acting on a synchronous satellite as well as developing efficient methods of processing telemetry and tracking data for precise attitude and orbit determination. The implemen tation branch has the responsibility of developing and maintaining a computerized information system on each orbiting satellite. The tracking and telemetry data collected by the four INTELSAT TT& C ground stations form the main input to the computer system . This data is processed by a variety of computer programs which derive the geometric and dynamic parameters required in day-to-day operations. In addition to supporting the daily operation of the satellite system, the staff of the department plays an integral role in the initial placement of each satellite in synchronous orbit. During a launch period , the majority of the staff is on continuous, round -the-clock duty for as long as 48 hours. During this time , the department performs all analyses and calculations required to insert each satellite into its operational orbit. COMSAT NEWS-April 1971 Page 9

Bernie Coleman, foreground , and Ron Jennings are the computer data technicians Tony Corio works on an attitude deter- who keep the department in constant motion . Mr. Coleman specializes in attitude mination problem with Gayle Garett, and telemetry programs , while Mr. Jennings generally takes charge of orbital de- program analyst. termination and ground station programs.

Carol Smith joined COMSAT shortly The newest member of the staff , Dennis Dr. Victor Slabinski , a physicist by after its formation and has become an Beaufort , checks readouts with Vera background , has gained a reputation as expert in implementing astrodynamics Wilson , program analyst in the astro- the "house astronomer". theories into computer language. dynamics branch. Page 10 COMSAT NEWS -April 1971

Randy Williams reports to the members of the credit union while Ted Gottry Outgoing president Randy Williams pre- center ) and Jim Kilcoyne listen. ( sents the door prize, $50 in credit union shares, to winner Diane Pontti. Successful Year Reported at Credit Union Meeting

The annual meeting of the COMSAT president, gave a report of the growth credit union gross income for 1970 was Federal Credit Union was held on of the credit union during 1970. $67,000, more than double that of March 30 in the COMSAT Visitors The year opened with $450,000 in 1969. Mr. Gottry also estimated that Center . About 110 members of the shares and showed a year-end share the gross income for 1971 would be credit union were present for the re- total of $798,000. Membership in- approximately $100,000, and the share ports of the president and other of- creased from 770 to 964, representing investment at the end of the year would ficers. 77 percent of COMSAT personnel. be well over the $1,000,000 mark. After having obtained approval of Ted Gottry gave the treasurer's re- the minutes for the last annual meet- port for Bill Kaht, who was not able to (See Credit Union Annual Meeting, ing, Randy Williams, the outgoing attend the meeting. He reported that Page 11.) COMSAT NEWS-April 1971 Page 11

From Page 3 The drawing for the door prize of From Page 10 credit union shares valued at $50 was held following the elections. Pat Lam- Domestic Proposals phear volunteered to draw the win- Offered to the FCC Credit Union ner's name from among those who attended the meeting. Diana Pontti, By Eight Applicants Annual Meeting Operations, was the lucky winner. The meeting concluded with a party for credit union members and guests. Jim Kilcoyne, outgoing vice presi- intrastate service to Alaska: initial in- About 100 people enjoyed the wide vestment cost of about $169.4 million. dent and chairman of the loan commit- sampling of wine and cheese provided. -MCI-Lockheed: Two in-orbit tee, gave the report on loan activity. satellites, three-axis stabilized, 24 The dollar value of loans approved transponders each; initial deployment during the year was $777.000, up from of some 20 earth stations, 15 of these $578,000 in 1969. The number of loans to be located in downtown areas and had increased from 510 in 1969 to 646 CFCU Board operate at 12 and 13 gigahertz, addi- in 1970, with the average amount tional earth stations to be added later; loaned being $1,203. services emphasize data, but include The breakdown into categories of Elects Officers voice, TV and message to the 48 states, loans was as follows: signature loans, Alaska, and Hawaii; initial investment 59 percent: new car loans, 25 percent; cost estimated at $169 million. shares activity loans, eight percent; Elected to a one-year term as presi- -Western Tele-Communications/ used car loans, seven percent and dent of the COMSAT Federal Credit North American Rockwell : Two satel- others, one percent. Union at a board meeting following lites in orbit, 12 channels each, operat- Following the reports, members ap- the annual meeting was Jim Kilcoyne, ing at 4 and 6 and 12 and 13 gigahertz; proved the motion to increase the num- who succeeds Randy Williams as pres- four large stations, plus more than 125 ber of board members from five to ident. added stations for eventual system; seven. Subsequently, nominations were Other officers elected from among serve 48 states, Alaska and Hawaii, accepted for the three vacant board the other six board members were Joe providing all communications services; positions. Bill Kaht, Betty Stover and Wellington as vice president and Paul North American Rockwell was chosen Joe Wellington were nominated and Rankin as treasurer and general man- to provide the space segment; esti- elected by unanimous consent for three- ager . Betty Stover was elected secre- mated initial investment cost of about year terms. Remaining on the board tary and Ted Gottry named as assis- $66 million. were Jim Kilcoyne. Paul Rankin, Ted tant treasurer. -Fairchild Hiller : Two in-orbit very Gottry and Randy Williams. Heading the credit committee will large satellites, each a derivative of be Randy Williams, while members of ATS-F technology with capacity of the committee will continue to be Gene some 120 transponders, operating half Christensen , Carl Sederquist and Walt at 4 and 6 and half at 7 and 13 giga- estimated investment cost of about Kutrip . Bill Kaht will be available for hertz; six mainland earth stations and $220.8 million. special projects. one station each in Hawaii, Alaska and Other parties also filed in the case, Other credit union committees, such Puerto Rico; providing all forms of including TelePrompTer but the above as the loan , supervisory and education service, including two free channels represent the major system applica- committees, are scheduled to be ar- for the public broadcasting service; tions. ranged at a future board meeting. Spring, Summer Sports Events In Full Swing

Since girls' basketball was a huge success, athletics chairman Jack Dicks has decided to further develop female participation in sports. This year, CEA is giving the girls an opportunity to play competitive softball in a fastball league. Practice began the latter part of March under the direction of in- field coach Mel Harley and assistant coach Ty Ricks. Competitive play begins in May. In the interim, 22 enthusiastic Plaza softball swingers are getting in shape for a tight season-and hopefully a successful one. Since these girls don't feel that they are the weaker sex, rumor has it that they plan to challenge the men's team as well as the girls at COMSAT Labs at the close of the season. Want to play? There's still time left n to get in on the swing of things! Con- Anything can happen when you attend the AFI Wednesday and Friday noon film tact Mel Harley, coach, on Ext. 6676. series in the L'Enfant Plaza Theater. Theater goers are invited to bring their snacks.

Senators Fans See Opener Once again, the old familiar tune of CEA Headliners "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" could be heard around the offices at COM- SAT prior to 1:30 p.m. game time on April 5. Eighty CEA members and Annual Spring Golf Outing Set friends saw the opening game of the Senators' season that afternoon-an By Beverly J. Nitkowski afternoon of hot dogs, peanuts and cracker jacks-at R. F. Kennedy Stadium. This year, the CEA is sponsoring its members are welcome. For further first spring golf tournament. The date information contact Angie Brown, Men's Softball is Wednesday. April 21, the time is 12 Ext. 6076 at COMSAT, or Herman Kraus at BELLCOMM. Members of the men's softball team noon and the place is the Washing- at the Plaza are looking forward to a tonian Country Club. The tournament The "Hot Pants" girls' basketball second winning season. Practice begins will be played using the Calloway team (alias the "Long Shots") is not the first week of April, with approxi- Handicap System. A fee of $5.50 per giving up after a season of defeat. mately 20 enthusiastic players ex- person will be charged and prizes will Coach Tyrone Ricks feels that next pected. Regular season play in a fast- be awarded. Please sign up by April season will be a winning one. ball league set up by the D. C. Recrea- 14. See P. Fleming, Labs, or J. Dicks, This spring, and continuing through- tion Department begins the third week Plaza. out the summer months, the CEA is of April. Anyone interested in joining sponsoring a basketball camp for in on the fun please contact John girls' basketball. The camp, located Boating Club DeCaro, Ext. 6847, or Jim Hall, Ext. at 275 G Street, S.W., began the week 6850. Lou Early, boating club president, of March 22 with much enthusiasm. Approximately 50 people will be has announced that a piloting and Homeowners' Club playing intramural softball at the Labs. small-boat handling course is being given by the Potomac River Power It looks as if CEA's first revival, the Squadron. The class is open to any homeowners' club, is off to a good Athletics Field boating enthusiasts, whether they are start. Jack Phiel, chairman, says that Work has started on grading the sailing or power bugs. There is no things are beginning to grow with the athletics field at COMSAT Labs. Any- charge for registration, course booklet spring growing season. Anyone inter- one interested in giving a helping hand or examination. Textbook and other ested in getting in on this should call should contact CEA President, Tony materials are optional, but are recom- Jack on Ext. 6116. Guest speakers are Buige, on Ext. 4479. mended. BELLCOMM boating club being booked for future meetings. COMSAT NEWS-April 1971 Page 13

Headquarters Lobby Is the Site CEA Camera Club Wins 3 Top Awards Spring Cocktail Party Planned In Area Competition

Kitty Stephenson and Bob Cool, At the end of this month, NASA The CEA camera club entered the CEA's social co-chairmen, have an- and the Max Planck Institute of Ger- Greater Washington Council of Cam- nounced that this year's spring cock- many are sponsoring the release of a era Clubs competition the weekend of tail party will take place Friday, May barium ion cloud located at 5 earth March 20 and came away with three 7, 1971, from 6 to 9 p.m. in the first radiae (roughly over Central America top awards. floor lobby at the Plaza. Refreshments just north of the equator, 75° in the The club made entries in three cate- will be served and door prizes awarded. sky). Club members will attempt to gories-small and intermediate black As a special attraction, music for photograph the cloud with the aid of and white prints and color slides. The your listening and dancing pleasure telescopes and photographic equip- first- and seventh-place awards were will be furnished by "The Personali- ment. Bill Young states, however, that given to CEA members in small black and white prints, and tenth-place ties". anyone can observe the cloud without Those of you who missed the Mardi a telescope since it will be visible to award was received for a color slide Gras Dance also missed the great show the naked eye. entry. put on by the fabulous "Personalities". If you are interested in more specif- Thirty-four camera clubs in the met- CEA is taking this opportunity to help ics, see the March and April issues of ropolitan area entered the competition you make up for the night you missed Sky and Telescope or contact Vic held at George Washington University. -back by popular demand, once again Slabinski, Ext 6328. Winning entries can be seen on dis- we present "The Personalities". Get play at George Washington University ready for an evening full of the songs hospital. that were your favorites when you were Satellite Jewelry The club is planning to show slide in high school, college or who knows Need a gift that is really different? programs at future meetings on how to take better pictures. Warm weather where. This versatile band can and will How about some satellite jewelry for outing plans are also under way. Want play almost anything at your request. that special person? See Pat Lam- a chance to "show off" your skills as a Tickets will go on sale soon. phear, Room 6273 at the Plaza, on Fridays from 12 noon to 1 p.m., or photographer or a chance to learn how to take the desired photos? Con- Social Calendar Delores Hess, Room 2101 at the Labs, on Wednesdays from 12 noon to 1 tact President Alan Coburn, Ext. 6772. Like all CEA activities, the social p.m. events are growing bigger and better to suit the needs and desires of the QUESTION: Will "hot pants" go or members. With this in mind, Kitty grow? Submit your comments to Bev Levatich and McBride Stephenson and Bob Cool, co-chair- Nitkowski. men, are already deep in plans for the Plan Busy Net Season annual picnic. The board of directors knows that Potpourri many of you find the picnic one of the Jay Levatich and Dick McBride, association's best. The social directors The CEA is looking into the possi- who have done such a fine job in the hope to make this year's picnic better bility of taking tours at a reduced past with CEA's tennis teams at the than ever, but to do this they need your group rate. Have any suggestions or Plaza and Labs, are currently busy cooperation. Please contact either Kitty ideas? Call Jim Tallon, Ext. 6550. with plans for another active tennis or Bob if you are willing to give them a season . They have advised that ladder helping hand, if you have a good sug- Remember, only CEA members can play will soon he in full swing. gestion or if you play a musical instru- take part in CEA-sponsored activities. A round - robin mixer tournament ment. If you are not as yet a member, con- will be held again this spring at East The event is scheduled for the latter tact Bert Runfola, membership chair- Potomac Park . Watch for flyers with part of June, but a definite date has man, Ext. 6571. dates and times. not yet been set. Jay recommends that players get Anyone interested in playing volley- out this year and practice so that every- Astronomy Club News ball at the Labs should contact Marty one will be ready for the big tourna- Earl, Ext. 4249. ment which will be held this summer. The starry-eyed members of the as- "A" and "B" groups will be set up for tronomy club came down to earth long Since many of you have expressed an the tournament. enough to report their findings on the interest in howling, CEA is attempting New players and suggestions are phenomenon of the lunar eclipse which to get a mixed team going. If you want welcome. occurred February 10-I1. Various to take part, please call John Maddox shadows of the earth's shadow on the on Ext. 6851. Shady Grove Tickets moon were observed. More complex Redskin Tickets observations were made and recorded Discount tickets for the Shady on timing of occultations and crater The CEA will have tickets to two Grove Music Fair are being sold again crossings. Data was compiled and sent exhibition games of the Washington this year. For information and tickets to Sky and Telescope Magazine, which Redskins. Notices concerning ticket see Emogene Madison, lobby recep- in turn will submit it to the U.S. Naval sales will be circulated as soon as tionist at the Plaza, or Pat Thompson, -A. .,,n^In F.I .. to CFA 7th rlnnr rprrntinnict 'Later, he managed to land on the mountain on a hidden plateau at 14 ,000 feet. For the next four days and nights, he was in the air almost constantly , making landing after landing. In the end, he plucked 18 people off the slopes . .

Here are some excerpts from the WSJ story:

Looming some 75 miles from the town (Talkeetna), a short hop in this country, is the majestic Alaska range, During the Bartlett dedication, Pilot crowned by 20,320-foot Mt. McKinley, the highest peak in North America. Shelton talks with a visitor and Former Don Shelton's landing strip is near the Sheldon early staked out an almost ex- Alaska Governor Keith Miller (center), center of town, just to the left of where clusive franchise to Mt. McKinley. is turning. while W. Lauterbach looks on. the truck In 1960, two separate expeditions climbing Mt. McKinley ran into trouble. Bartlett's Northern Neighbor In one, a woman was near death in a coma. Relying on thermal drafts to force his plane to altitudes it couldn't reach on its own. Don made repeated air- Pilot Sheldon Dares Rugged Terrain, drops of supplies at 17,000 feet. Later, he managed to land on the Volatile Weather to Fly Passengers mountain on a hidden plateau at 14,000 feet. For the next four days and nights, he was in the air almost constantly, making landing after landing. In the A front-page story in the Wall Street Bartlett Earth Station site on several end, he plucked 18 people off the slopes. Journal recently featured famed bush assignments, both during construction including a safe journey for the ill pilot Donald Sheldon, a northern and after the station began commer- woman. cial service on July 1, 1970. neighbor of a number of COMSAT's Flying near the town of Wainwright, Bartlett Earth Station personnel in One COMSAT employee can recall above the Arctic Circle, he was engulfed Talkeetna. Alaska. vividly a flight with Sheldon from by a whiteout, a feared condition pecu- "Lithe and wiry, 49-year-old Don Anchorage to Talkeetna in June of liar to the region. He likens it to flying Sheldon belongs to a brash breed who 1970. The Washington-based COM- in a bowl of milk. Light filtering through challenge, in flimsy flying machines, SAT visitor, after monotonously watch- a cloud cover becomes equal to the light some of the world's most volatile ing out the window for 25 minutes, reflected off the snow, blotting out the horizon as well as the pilot's ability to weather and desolate terrain," wrote made the mistake of mentioning that discern land from air. Only dark objects the Journal. he had not yet seen a live moose. can be seen. Very quickly, the plane dipped, Sheldon is well known to many "I was good and disgusted until I COMSAT employees. Officially, he dropped, and at tree-top height with caught sight of a friendly shoreline," runs the Sheldon Flying Service, lo- the plane banked on the tip of the right he says. It was a ridge of ice more than cated in the heart of Talkeetna a few wing, Sheldon pointed out for his 100 feet high. He followed it and, just hundred feet down the graveled single shaken passenger a female moose as suddenly, lost sight of it. "I was main street from a sign which reads, grazing near a small lake. How he really sweating it," he allows. Then his "Welcome to Beautiful Downtown found that single moose amid the vast passenger, a fur buyer, caught sight of a Talkeetna". forest floor below is a mystery. red fox. "It looked like it was going up He often lands his single-engine The Wall Street Journal story, by- our right wing." They were actually flying below and planes on a runway that stops at an lined by James E. Bylin and datelined precariously close to the ridge. Don Talkeetna, was one of a series. The intersection with the main street, gained altitude and began searching for which could be considered perhaps the newspaper explained: "Every desk- a caribou herd. During whiteouts, cari- most convenient midtown airport in bound minion of business or govern- bou give pilots some perspective and the U.S. ment has yearned at some time for a also an indication that the land probably COMSAT hired the services of this taste of adventure. But some men face is flat and landable. He did spy what he intrepid one-man airline on a number perilous challenges as part of their took to be grazing caribou. "I just of occasions. He piloted the plane used everyday routine. This is the fourth of landed," he laughs, "and nearly ran in making aerial photographs of the a series of profiles of such men." over an old Eskimo and his 10 dogs." Page 1 b COMSAT NEWS-April 1971 French Officials Visit the Labs

Leading officials of the Centre Na- tional D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) visited COMSAT Labs in early March. CNES is the French government organization for space projects. General R. Aubiniere, Director- General of CNES, and Messrs. Lebeau and Charbit, accompanied by R. Serradeil and P. Aubigier of the French Embassy, were given a briefing on the Labs organization and programs by Wilbur L. Pritchard, Labs Director. Following the briefing, the visitors were taken on a tour of the Labs and shown the DITEC, SPADE and TDMA equipment, the ETL, and work being done on filters and systems simulation. Demonstrations were also provided in the electric power, fuel slosh and circuit board areas. Dr. Burton Edelson, assistant Labs director. was host at a luncheon for the visitors.

warded sufficient copies of Etam Earth Station brochures to Mr. Halbritter and asked that they be distributed to AT&T, while the old tower remains A new relay tower has been installed at Etam by each member of the West Virginia antenna. in the background , overshadowed by the 97-foot Senate and House of Delegates. News from Etam Visitors to Etam Recent visitors to Etam Earth Sta- The Case of the Data Bit Mystery tion include J. Ball, R. Hill, M. Bowser and F. Klisch of Headquarters: W. By Deloris Goodwin Schmidt, B. Pontana, J. Kiesling and B. Magenheim from COMSAT Labs; Frank Klisch of the technical staff test cart to the top shelf stopped all Orm Wade, AT&T division operations arrived at Etam recently to take mea- errors. manager, and Bob Krese. AT&T dis- surements of data error rates, and in One could think this modem might trict manager for West Virginia. doing so ran into quite a mystery. be altitude sensitive, but the distance from the bottom to the top shelf is The bit error counter registered Personal Notes almost no errors from 8 o'clock in the only two feet. The mystery remains as William Carroll and his wife an- morning until approximately 4:40 p.m., to why the errors came at that particu- nounced the engagement of their when a continuous counting on the bit lar time of the day and subsequently daughter. Sandra, to Jeffrey L. Webb, error counter began. This coincidence disappeared well before sunrise. son of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph E. Webb happened three consecutive evenings Operations Supervisors Hold Meeting of New Carrollton, Maryland. The at the same time, with the high error Trinity United Methodist Church of count continuing until about 4 or 5 The operations supervisors at Etam. Salisbury, Maryland, will be the scene o'clock the following morning, when J. Evans, J. Formella, R. Hobbs and of the June 26 wedding. all returned to normal. P. Helfgott, held their first meeting to Miss Carroll was graduated from A few days later, Marv Bowser of the discuss the proposed proficiency train- Salisbury State College and is a teach- system management office arrived and ing plan, the modified trouble report er in the Wicomico Junior High cleared the problem, but did not solve register, benefits gained from a regu- School. Mr. Webb, also a graduate of it. With a replacement voice frequency larly scheduled operations supervisors Salisbury State College, is employed modem, the new unit went through the meeting and general station operations. by the Wicomico County Board of critical period (4:15-4:45 p.m.), and no Information on Etam Forwarded bit errors were observed. However, Education. Jim Silvius is now on the air with a when the old unit was placed back Mr. Robert Halbritter, Preston 15-watt CW transmitter. into operation at 4:45 p.m., the bit County member of the West Virginia Don Gaston, senior technician, was errors began again. House of Delegates, recently requested recently admitted to the local hospital Strangely enough, moving the old information on the Etam station. Wil- -'- -- c --- .L.. L...... -.. ..h.JC .,C ,t,. ,' rn C-rnll ztation manager. for- to undergo a series of tests. Dr. Engel Resigns For University Post

Dr. Joseph H. Engel, COMSAT's Director of Planning Research and Services, has resigned to become chairman of the Department of Systems Engineering at the University of Illi- nois in Chicago. Dr. Engel joined COMSAT in 1967 as special assistant to the Vice Presi- dent-Technical. He was appointed director of planning research and services in 1968. He said his departure to academic life represents the culmination of a long-felt desire to devote himself to improving the profession of operations research and systems engineering and to help train young people to enter the profession. TV reception of the Apollo 14 moon landing was excellent at Jamesburg. Dr. Engel continues to serve as chairman of NATO's Advisory Panel on Operational Research and chair- At Jamesburg man of the Plans and Programs Com- mittee of the International Federation College Receives Surplus Equipment of Operations Research Societies.

By M. Lee Dorsey was terminated, and he was very pleased with the quality of reception.

Personnel Notes Monterey Peninsula College has splashdown was excellent. Milton Branstetter, utility man, accepted with gratitude some surplus WUI representative , Chester resigned to accept a position in Salinas electronic equipment from Jamesburg. George, San Francisco , came to ob- The center rack NMS-63A and three serve the reception of the splashdown Valley. Peter Roberts, utility man, joined ringer access panels, all declared sur- video and audio. He remained at COMSAT as a temporary employee. plus materials by COMSAT, were Jamesburg until all transmission from Peter, a bachelor, hails from England picked up by college personnel. It is the GE transportable aboard the re- COMSAT's policy to aid colleges and covery ship , the USS New Orleans, via Australia and Canada. other institutions of higher learning by donating surplus materials to them. Vice Admiral Vitzhul Lee and his Radiology Experiment Is Conducted wife visited the station. He was Com- mandant of the National War College The Bureau of Radiological Health recently conducted experiments in the large before he retired. anechoic chamber facility at COMSAT Labs to determine power density. The Twenty VIPs, guests of AT&T from Bureau is actively engaged in the investigation of potentially hazardous electro- various communities within Marin magnetic fields which may exist in the areas close to FM and TV broadcast County, toured the station. These indi- antennas. viduals consisted of mayors, city man- The investigation requires the use of accurately calibrated power density meters agers, city councilmen, members of the in the 100 MHz to 500 MHz frequency band. A critical part of this instrumenta- Board of Supervisors and Chamber of tion is the antenna or field probe, and the anechoic chamber was used to cali- Commerce. brate these devices. Mr. Somlak, a representative of the A characteristic of the antennas utilized for field strength measurement in this Thailand Government, visited our frequency range is that they are electrically small. Calibration of the antenna is station recently. He was accompanied thus very sensitive to the test range and surroundings. The anechoic chamber pro- by R. Angle, AT&T. vides a nearly reflection-free environment and, consequently, represents an ideal Twenty-one students of electronics facility for performing accurate calibration measurements. from the Monterey Peninsula College The Division of Electronic Products of the Bureau of Radiological Health con- toured the station and were accom- ducted the experiments during the first week of March. Dr. Robert Elder, Direc- panied by G. Eldridge, MPC instructor of the Division, requested the use of the facilities, and arrangements were tor. made by Wilbur L. Pritchard, Director of the Labs. The calibration measurements were performed by members of the radiation Apollo 14 measurement and calibration branch of the Division under the direction of Mays Television reception at Jamesburg of Wichord. They were assisted by W. Kreutel and R. Gruner of the antenna branch the Apollo 14 lift-off, moon walk and of the RF Transmission Lab. rage t i COMSAT NEWS -April 1971

Spring may be coming to some parts of the country , but at Andover the snow will Rick Cornelius shows be around for some weeks to come. wife's creations.

Headquarters and the Labs Notes from Andover Skier Williams Improves His Times Winter Carnival By Eda Boyle Is Fun for All COMSAT has its own daredevil on this year, keep an eye on George Law- the ski slopes as long as the eastern ler's office next St. Paddy's Day, when ski season lasts. Henry "Downhill he just might offer the chance once By Joanne Witas Racer" Williams, COMSAT Labs, is again to kiss the Blarney Stone (Law- in his third season of racing and he ler style) for the mere sum of one thin claims it gets to be more fun every dollar. year. Best-Dressed Necks A snow machine parade, with ap- In his third season of racing, Henry The best-dressed necks at COMSAT proximately 100 snow machines par- entered four competitions this year and are all tied up these days in original ticipating, headed the attractions at in each entered three events: slalom, creations by Susan Cornelius, wife of the Bethel Winter Carnival. Another giant slalom and downhill. Racing for Rick Cornelius, Purchasing. Sue's attraction was a snow machine safari the Ski Club of Washington, D.C., he ties are on display at various Wash- from Bethel to Mt. Abram, a distance has come up with some pretty good of eight miles, sponsored by the Bethel ington area locations. times and is going to give somebody What'? The Corneliuses again? Snow-Twisters Club. A baked-bean some stiff competition next year. supper, held at the ski lodge, was fol- They're in the news with the arrival of lowed by a dance at the Bethel Ameri- It's Just Blarney their first child, Christopher, born on can Legion Hall; music was furnished March 17. St. Patrick must be proud For those who missed their chance by the Brandywine Singers. of this one. Karen Sauret, daughter of Mr. and Marlene Pamer, former purchasing Mrs. Herman Sauret, facilities engi- secretary, and husband Eric are the neer, took part in the Eastern Torgle Ice fishing was the sport of the parents of a boy, John, born January Tokle League Ski Meet held at Salis- month for several employees. Chuck 29. bury, Connecticut. She was one of the Lepage, Dave Berry, Merwyn Bartlett. One day later, January 30, another 10 members of the Pineland Ski Club Stan Morse, Dave White and AT&T's boy, Christopher Michael, was born of Andover who took part in the com- Percy Tripp managed to catch 10 to Mimi Smith, former personnel sec- petition. Some members of the Pine- landlock salmon in the 2'/2- to 31,12- retary, and husband Arthur. Best wishes to Artie Jacobs, who land Club came home with top prizes. pound range. Karen, just beginning her career, The trip was not complete until married Vince Castagnola on February placed sixth among 16 entries in age Chuck managed to hook the "big one" 20. Wishes for a speedy recovery are group 8-9. that got away. Chuck said he would On Sunday, March 14, the Pineland rather not talk about it. The fishing offered to Ruth Peed, legal secretary, Ski Club hosted the USEASA Cross- was done at Caribou Lake in the who is back part-time after a recent C,snntrv C4i Meet at Anrtnver Moosehead recion of Maine. operation. Page 18 COMSAT NEWS-April 1971

Here, a generalized unstable satellite ( A) begins to nutate, ( B) rapidly increases its A simplified drawing of INTELSAT IV ' `coning movement , (C) enters a flat spin. Between ` A' and `C', all the spin about the showing the four fuel tanks in the spin- long axis has changed to lateral spin. Try this out with a child's top. ning drum and the two nutation dampers on the despun platform. The Nutation Damper Something New Has Been Added to INTELSAT IV

Two triangular contraptions called INTELSAT IV is also spin -stabi- containing the solar cell drum, the nutation dampers have made their lized, but the weight distribution has apogee motor , fuel tanks, positioning debut on INTELSAT IV. They are changed . In order to pack so much and orientation hardware , and other simple, pendulum-like devices, but the communications hardware efficiently mechanical components , spins in one reason for their being on the IV's into a satellite that would fit in the direction . The entire communications antenna mast is not so simple. long and slender nose of an Atlas system , including transponders and INTELSATs I, II and III were Centaur launch vehicle, more weight antennas , is mounted on the upper stabilized in orbit by using the prin- was pressed into the center . Now the body, a platform which "despins" or ciple of the gyroscope, that is, a spin- maximum moment of inertia has be- rotates in the opposite direction at ning wheel tends to stay in its original come horizontal , and the satellite pre- exactly the same speed . A person on position and resists changes of direc- fers to spin as a pencil does when it is earth would see the upper platform station. Children use the same principle laid on a table and "twirled" with the tionary and the lower drum rotating- when they ride no hands on their bi- fingers. If no preventive measures were that is how INTELSAT IV's antennas cycles. As in the bicycle wheel, how- taken, a small amount of lateral push remain fixed on the earth below. The ever, most of the weight of the early at either end of the spacecraft-any lower drum with its mechanical com- satellites was concentrated toward the slight imbalance would do-would set ponents obeys the physical laws of outside of their drumlike bodies. the satellite "nutating" or wobbling spinning bodies . Its maximum moment Wcightwise, they were more disk than like a lazy top . The wobbling would of inertia is horizontal. rod. In physics, this is called spin about increase rapidly until the spacecraft the maximum moment of inertia axis: entered a flat sideways spin. To oper- a satellite likes to spin with most of its ate properly , however , the spacecraft The Idea of "Damping" weight as far away from the spin axis must continue to spin upright . A twirl- In Newtonian physics, any action as possible. ing satellite with its sensitive direc- generates an equal and opposite reac- tional antennas sweeping aimlessly tion. If the action and reaction can be around the universe would be useless. The accompanying article is an- made to work against each other, as they do on a non-spinning body, they other in a COMSA T News series How the IV Is Arranged on technical subjects by In will cancel each other out. Devices Actually, INTELSAT IV consists of Officer Gerald H. Bid- which utilize this principle to cancel two counterrotating bodies, one atop lack. unwanted motion are called dampers. th e other The h ntlnrn of th . --nnr.,ft Page I 3 COMSAT NEWS-April 1971 damper applied to a spinning body to neutralize its nutation (nodding) will cause the body to spin smoothly, but about its maximum moment-in the case of the lower drum of INTELSAT IV, a damper will actually help to force the vehicle into a flat spin. Any part of a satellite set into motion when the spacecraft nutates will act as a damper. The more energetic the motion, the more effective the damping. The most effective and powerful (and unintentional) damper in the spinning drum of INTELSAT IV happens to be the liquid fuel in the four spherical /conical tanks. The problem facing the designers of INTELSAT IV was to find a way to offset the damping effect of sloshing fuel if the big spacecraft should begin to wobble. Their solution was to install dampers on the upper non-spinning platform strong enough to offset what they then thought was the amount of potential fuel slosh.

Calculations, Experiments and Recalculations Early calculations of the fuel slosh damping on the as yet unbuilt INTEL- SAT IV spacecraft grossly underesti- . The dark area is the pendulum arm. mated the energies expended in slosh- An actual nutation damper for INTELSAT IV ing liquids. Late in the INTELSAT The device is open , just as you see it here. IV program-only a few months before launch-engineers at COMSAT Lab- oratories and at Hughes Aircraft Com- pany discovered through elaborate tests and measurements that bobbing and whirling fuel tanks generate tre- mendously strong eddies, whirlpools and splashes which might have turned INTELSAT IV on its side in short order.

Modification of IV's Dampers New calculations made by the positioning and orientation branch of COMSAT's Spacecraft Laboratory and by Hughes showed that the two existing dampers (two are used for redundancy in case one fails) were not a sufficient safeguard against nutation. One of the two dampers was modified to provide improved performance in the final operational orbit at the ex- pense of a decrease in its performance during transfer orbit. To assure proper stability during the relatively short, but crucial, transfer orbit stage, a simple computer was installed to detect any nutation and fire the small thrusters to maintain the spacecraft upright. When INTELSAT IV enters the final synchronous orbit in which it operates, any incipient nutation on the part of the spacecraft, which otherwise would be quickly reinforced by the onboard fuel, is now rapidly Ernesto R . Martin , principal COMSAT investigator for the project , and James R. Labs, with calmed and nullified by the swinging Owens, manager of the positioning and orientation branch , COMSAT thn cninninn dpvirn ucvd to cimulate the sloshing of fuel on INTELSAT IV. Page 20 CO M SAT NEWS -April 1971

Visual acuity tests were given as prelim- Eye drops were administered before the glaucoma exam by the attending physician. inary exams. Glaucoma Clinic At COMSAT West Is Provided for Hughes Gives INTELSAT IV Launch Party By Dee Wallace

Plaza Employees Hughes gave a party in early March to celebrate the successful launch of the first in a series of INTELSAT IV satellites. The party was attended by most of the COMSAT West personnel and their spouses and about 700 Hughes people from the INTELSAT IV program. A glaucoma clinic was conducted for Congratulations to Bob and Marilyn Ely, who were married recently in a pri- the employees at the Plaza on March vate chapel ceremony. A cake and champagne reception was attended by several 16 in conjunction with the Society for fellow employees. the Prevention of Blindness. The Soci- ety recommends that persons over 30 be tested for glaucoma annually, glaucoma is a disease evidenced by increased tension in the eyeball which `Left Right in the Middle' could lead to blindness if not treated. Almost 250 employees took advantage of the free clinic. The opening-night performance of the club. In previous years the club Volunteers and staff from the Soci- `Left Right in the Middle', the 1971 has contributed more than $100,000 to various metropolitan charities. ety administered a visual acuity test, satirical review by the Hexagon Club applied eye drops and gave the glau- of Washington, will be given on April The repertoire of skits and musical coma screening test. Of those tested, 15. The production is scheduled for 11 sketches for 'Left Right in the Middle' 18 had at least borderline symptoms performances by the Hexagon Club, includes spoofs of women's lib, crime and were referred to an optometrist for with proceeds going for the benefit of in Washington, undercover agents, further tests and treatment. Children's Hospital. football, San Clemente, Pat Nixon and The club, which is headed this year Spiro Agnew. During April by COMSAT's Jerry Breslow, Assis- All I I performances will be given in The BELLCOMM blood drive will tant Corporate Secretary, hopes to top the Trinity Theatre, 36th and 0 Streets be conducted on Friday, April 16, at last year's contribution of $13,000 to in Georgetown. Tickets for the benefit which time COMSAT employees who the hospital. This is the sixteenth con- performance on Saturday, April 17, are were not available to give during the secutive annual benefit production by $17.50 and $25.00, which includes a COMSAT drive are asked to do so. In party for cast and audience afterwards. order for COMSAT to continue in the Other shows (April 16, 22-25 and 29 Red Cross Family Blood Plan, Head- through May 1) are $3 on Thursday quarters must donate 46 more pints of drive being conducted during April and Sunday and $5 on Friday and Sat- blood before June 31. this year. If you are interested in do- urday evenings. Matinees are also $3. The Cancer Society has asked for nating your time, contact Hazeline CEA discounts will be available on all regular nerformance tickets.

Major Expansion Program Planned News at a Glance For Earth Stations on Both Coasts • Twelve Board members are elected by shareholders at the East and West Coast earth stations has made provision for space segment annual meeting . Joseph H. Mc- are scheduled to be expanded with the backup: to fully protect the system, Connell remains as Chairman, addition of new equipment, including redundant earth station capability also while another member, Gordon two new antennas , in a major program is required. Edwards, joins the Board (page to increase capacity and redundancy. 12). Installation Schedule COMSAT' s Board has approved the • The Chairman' s Statement to Under the expansion program, new expansion program but implementation Shareholders ( page 12). is subject to approval by the Earth antennas and related equipment would • The President's Statement to Station Ownership Committee and the be installed by 1973 at Etam and Shareholders (Page 13). FCC. Andover. Each earth station would Without an expansion of present then be capable of handling its own • First quarter earnings rise to earth station capabilities, a future normal -load plus restoration capability 67 cents per share (Page 2). to fully handle traffic of the other sta- failure of the Etam or Andover stations • Early Bird is temporarily re- tion in the event of failure. At An- on the East Coast, or the Jamesburg activated to link Paumalu with dover, the proposed antenna would be station on the West Coast, could lead the Labs in honor of Early Bird's in addition to the new antenna now to substantial interruption of service sixth anniversary (Page 4). and loss of revenues, INTELSAT being built, which is scheduled to enter commercial operation in the fall of • AMSAT members test repeater 1971. breadboard in preparation for the next AMSAT launch (Page 5). On the West Coast, the Brewster station would be expanded by 1972 • The Exacting World of COM- Earnings Grow to handle an additional 433 circuits SAT Regulatory Attorneys: a to provide restoration for all James- departmental feature (Pages 8-9). In First Quarter; burg traffic. In addition, some carrier • COMSAT Co-op Students- equipment must be added at the Pau- Apprentice Professionals (Pages Dividend Slated malu station. 10-11). The Jamesburg station can restore • Employee benefits explained in all Brewster traffic without further brief (Page 15). COMSAT reported net income for expansion, utilizing contingency equip- • Credit union accounts now in- the first quarter of 1971 of $6,691,000 ment it now has on hand. sured up to $20,000 per account or 67 cents per share, compared to Etam Modifications (Page 17). $3,345,000 or 33 cents per share for the In addition to these major East and • Bowser big winner in the CEA's first quarter of 1970. West Coast expansions, the Etam sta- first annual spring golf tourna- Operating revenues for the first tion must undergo some modifications ment (Page 18). quarter of 1971 amounted to $21,934,- in channel capacity to meet 1972 traf- 000, an increase of $6,499,000 (42 • Fucino aids in testing the fic requirements arising from the entry INTELSAT IV for commercial percent) over the $15,435,000 received of new earth stations in additional communications (Page 3). in the first quarter of 1970. countries to the Atlantic region net- The increase in revenues resulted work. primarily from an overall increase in the number of equivalent half-circuits Overall, the program, including the leased full-time by COMSAT to its modifications this year at Etam, was On the Cover customers from 1,566 as of March 31, estimated to cost the joint earth sta- 1970, to 2,130 as of March 31, 1971. tion owners about $11.3 million, of Sarah Whitlev .Nico/son. age 9, Approximately $1,200,000 of the which COMSAT would pay one-half. attended the Annual Meeting for increased revenues came from an un- Shareholders, held MaY /1, 1971, expectedly high volume of temporary at COMSAT Headquarters in service. Washington, D. C. Sarah was ac- Operating expenses for the first companied b ' v her mother, Mrs. quarter of 1971, including income Total other income, after provision Alice C. Nicolson. They reside in taxes of $4,792,000, amounted to for income taxes, was $2,070 ,000, com- Arlington, Virginia. $17,313,000, compared to $13,585,000 pared to $ 1,495,000 in the first quarter for the first quarter of 1970, when in- of last year , and included approxi- come taxes were $1,946,000. Deprecia- mately $300 ,000 of extraordinary in- tion and amortization expenses ac- come from the sale of securities. May 1971 -bear 6. No. 4 counted for $5,074,000, compared to The Board of Directors at its April COMSAT News is published for employees of the Communications Satellite Cor- $5,004,000 for the first quarter of last meeting declared a quarterly dividend poration by the Information year. Office, of 121/2 cents on each of the corpora- COMSAT Building, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, Net operating income for the first tion ' s outstanding shares. The dividend S.W., Washington, D.C. 20024. quarter of 1971 totaled $4,621,000, is payable on June 14 , 1971, to all A.V.P. for Public Information compared to $1,850,000 for the first shareholders of record as of the close Matthew Gordon Editor : quarter of last year. of business on May 14, 1971. Kay Smith Earth Station Developments

Two new earth stations have gone into commercial service thus far in 1971, raising the number of antennas worldwide to 53. The new stations are Arvi. India, initiated in February, and Lanlate, Nigeria, initiated in March. A new standard antenna at Aguimes, Canary Islands, began operation in April, but it is considered a replacement and does not increase the overall total. As of May 1. a boxscore of earth station developments showed: 53 antennas at 45 earth station sites, owned by 32 different countries. The next station due to go into Spacecraft test team members include ( left to right ) Peter Schultze, Christoph operation this year is Wark- worth. New Zealand. It is sched- Mahle, Simon Bennett , Harry Gross and Arnold Berman . In the center is the Fucino "B" antenna , used for Atlantic traffic, and on the left is an antenna used to receive uled for sometime in May. weather maps from Nimbus satellites. By the end of the year, the ground network is expected to consist of 68 antennas at 56 sta- Fucino Conducts INTELSAT IV tion sites, owned by 42 different Spacecraft Communications Tests countries.

By Simon Bennett detect, calibrate , measure and record the test signals is provided by COM- The in-orbit verification of the com- was represented by Simon Bennett, SAT Labs. munications performance of the first who directed the tests, Irving Dostis Approximately 3,000 pounds of test INTELSAT IV satellite was conducted and Neil White. equipment was sent to Fucino for these by a team of COMSAT engineers COMSAT Labs sent Arnold Ber- tests. This equipment was installed by using the Fucino Earth Station, near man and Christoph Mahle. Peter the test team as close to the antenna Avezzano , Italy. Schultze came from the systems engi- feed as practicable , in an arrangement After the launch , communications neering division and Harry Gross from known to result in accurate and re- measurements are made to determine Operations. Also assisting were Jim peatable spacecraft performance mea- that no changes to the communications Thompson of Hughes and Bob Pick- surements. transponders occurred as a result of ard from NASA. the launch , and thus assure that the Similar Techniques spacecraft is suitable for commercial Telespazio Helps The test techniques used to measure use. Similar tests have been performed the spacecraft parameters are as simi- on every INTELSAT spacecraft. In addition to the above, extensive The satellite was launched on Jan- support and cooperation was received lar as possible to those used prior to launch so as to facilitate detection of uary 25 from Cape Kennedy , Florida, from the Telespazio personnel respon- and measurements began on February sible for the operation of the Fucino changes in performance. However, the 6, as the spacecraft rose over the local Earth Station, as well as from the characteristics of earth stations generally differ from those of the test horizon . Many communications pa- COMSAT telemetry and command rameters were measured , including personnel at Fucino and at the Space- facilities used prior to launch. In addi- effective radiated power , transponder, craft Technical Control Center in tion, the spacecraft's drift across the sky at the rate of 3.5 degrees per day gain, antenna beam pointing accuracy, Washington, D.C. during the test period, caused differ- frequency response , receiver tempera- For these measurements the earth ences in the test conditions and results. ture , and local oscillator frequencies station acts as part of the test equip- before testing was completed on ment, and is reconfigured from its The test team's task was to evaluate the measurement results, taking these February 18. normal arrangement by the addition The test team consisted of staff of considerable test equipment. The dissimilarities into account. In the members from various parts of the portions of the earth station used for case of the IV F-2 spacecraft, the performance was judged to be the same as corporation , and also included one these tests are the antenna proper, the representative from Hughes Aircraft autotrack system, the transmitter and prior to launch. and one from NASA. The the low-noise receiver. The remainder Company (See Fucino Tests the IV, Page 6) space segment implementation division of the equipment, needed to generate, TO COMSAT OPCEN Dr. Edelson Appointed ATTN DR JOSEPH V. CHARYK To AIAA Committee X DE COMSAT HAWAII MSG NO. 356 XXX X 8 APRIL 1971 040OZ Dr. Burton Edelson, assistant direc- X tor, COMSAT Laboratories, has been X SUBJECT SIXTH ANNIVERSARY OF EARLY BIRD LAUNCH appointed a Member of the Technical X Activities Committee of the American XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X Institute of Aeronautics and Astronau- X tics. This is the senior technical com- FIRST FOR EARLY X COMSAT THIS MESSAGE MARKS ANOTHER mittee of AIAA which directs and co- X HAWAII BIRD , THE WORLD 'S FIRST COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATIONS X GREETS SATELLITE, REACTIVATED FOR THIS OCCASION. IT IS ordinates engineering and scientific X COMSAT THE FIRST DIRECT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HAWAII meetings and other efforts. X WASHINGTON AND THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES BY A X DIRECT COMMERCIAL SATELLITE . IT COMES DURING THE X VIA SIXTH ANNIVERSARY PERIOD OF THE LAUNCH OF EARLY Dr. Edelson has been assigned re- X EARLY BIRD FROM CAPE KENNEDY , FLORIDA. sponsibility for three technical areas X BIRD in which AIAA is engaged : communi- X cations, computer and sensor systems. XxXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X X X In his letter of appointment, Dr. X X Martin Goland, president of AIAA, XXXXXXXXX G M VINQUIST , MANAGER SENDS PAUMALU EARTH STATION referred to Edelson's previous exper- TOT/0415 GMT 8 tPRIL 1971 ience as chairman of the AIAA Com- munications Systems Committee. This V. Charyk, President , by Glenn M. Vinquist, This message was sent to Dr. Joseph position was also once held by two Bird's sixth anniversary. Paumalu station manager , to commemorate Early other members of COMSAT's technical staff: Wilbur L. Pritchard, Assis- tant Vice President and Director, Early Bird Temporarily Reactivated COMSAT Labs, and Sidney Metzger, Assistant Vice President-Technical and To Link Paumalu With Laboratories Chief Engineer.

Early Bird, now a venerable six years old, celebrated its April birthday by relaying a pictograph from the COM- SAT-operated earth station at Pau- malu, Hawaii, to an experimental antenna on the roof of COMSAT Labor- atories in Clarksburg, Maryland. INTELSAT 1, better known as Ear- ly Bird, was designed to operate for at least 18 months in orbit. It was finally retired after nearly four years of flaw- less service. Even now, although the satellite has finally run out of station- keeping fuel, its transponders are still in working order. A torus antenna recently erected on the roof of the Laboratories building was turned into a functional earth station in about 30 hours by Laurence Gray, manager of the earth terminals branch, RF transmission lab. Using parts borrowed from the experimental station at the Plaza, a small ad hoc team quickly assembled a receive-only station for the special transmission. Assisting Mr. Gray were Larry Adams, Jack Beyer, Leonard Bonneau, Cal Cotner, Bob Grayson, Bob Greuner, Geoffrey Hyde, Bill Korvin, Ken Pease, Dave Reiser, Norm Schroeder, and Jeffrey Steinhorn. The torus antenna, which consists of a fixed paraboloidal structure with a movable feed, was already in place as part of the RF transmission lab's reli- Dr. Geoffrey Hyde ( left) and Cal Cotner test the experimental earth station at able earth terminal program. COMSAT Labs , which operated with Early Bird. Satellites Improve Avenues for News, AMSAT Members Test American Newspaper Publishers Told Repeater Breadboard A breadboard of a linear repeater constructed by amateur radio enthus- Matthew Gordon , Assistant Vice President for Public Information , was one of iasts of the COMSAT Amateur Radio the featured speakers at the American Newspaper Publishers Association (ANPA) Club was tested in flight the weekend annual convention held at the Waldorf- Astoria Hotel in New York , April 19-22. of May 15 in honor of World Tele- The convention was attended by publishers and executives of newspapers and communication Day, celebrated world- news media, large and small , throughout the United States. wide on May 17. "News Windows for News Media" was the title of Mr. Gordon ' s talk in which he explained the development of satellite communications and the changes these The breadboard is a working model developments are bringing to the news world . Panel members in this session were of a repeater system being designed Jules Tewlow, director of special projects , ANPA, and Joseph Lullo, operations for possible use on the next Radio supervisor , AT&T. Moderator for the discussion was Eugene C. Dorsey, publisher Amateur Satellite Corporation (AM- of the Lansing, Michigan , State Journal. SAT) spacecraft expected to be In the course of his remarks, Mr. Gordon said that Marshall McLuhan, com- launched some time in 1972. munications theorist , was once quoted as saying "the satellite means among other things the end of news." Five Satellites Launched "To me," said Mr. Gordon , "it means just the reverse. It means another and important communications capability for increasing and expediting the news flow, Five amateur satellites have been internationally and nationally . And this improved communication accents even launched in the past ten years as pig- further the importance of the ` message', and not the method and if anything, makes gyback payloads aboard U.S. rockets. the importance of the news and the accuracy of the news , more significant than The satellites, called Oscar for Orbit- ever before. ing Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio, At COMSAT we have always characterized the earth stations as windows to the have been used by radio operators of world . And the advancing communication services via satellite offer new windows the COMSAT Amateur Radio Club, for the news media." and by amateurs in more than 25 coun- To illustrate the capabilities of a domestic satellite system , Mr. Gordon said, tries around the globe. "We have in sight communication satellites capable of transmitting one billion bits of information, or all the volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica , across the As a part of the preparations for the country in less than one second." launch of Oscar-6, AMSAT members from various parts of the U.S. and West Germany have been contributing to the development of the repeater News Publishers Favor Bartlett Statue design. COMSAT's Proposal For Domestic System Is Presented at Breadboard Design Dr. Perry Klein, systems engineer- Capitol Rotunda ing division, Wally Mercer, COMSAT Labs and Karl Meinzer, University of A domestic satellite communications Marburg, Germany, have engineered system may revolutionize the manner A statue of the late E. L. (Bob) Bart- a working breadboard of the linear re- in which news will be disseminated in lett, U.S. Senator from the state of peater, which receives signals in the the future, the American Newspaper Alaska, was presented on behalf of the two-meter amateur band, amplifies Publishers Association has told the people of Alaska to the U.S. govern- them, and retransmits them in the ten- Federal Communications Commission. ment in an afternoon ceremony in the meter band. The repeater has an input ANPA urged the FCC to make spe- Capitol Rotunda on April 27. The center frequency of 145.95 MHz and cific provision in any satellite authori- sculptured bust of the Senator was un- an output centered at 29.5 MHz. zation for access by newspapers and veiled by Mrs. Bartlett. news wire services. ANPA said it Dedication comments were made by favors a multipurpose domestic satel- several persons including Mike Gravel In order to simulate the operation of lite system. and Ted Stevens , both U. S. Senators the repeater in space, the breadboard In a letter to the FCC, ANPA Presi- from Alaska , Nick Begich , U.S. Rep- was flown from Baltimore to Boston, dent Stanford Smith commented fa- resentative from Alaska , William A. then on to Chicago before returning to vorably on the pending proposal of Egan , Governor of Alaska , and Warren Baltimore. During the two-day flight COMSAT, saying that it "appears to G. Magnuson , U.S. Senator from amateur radio enthusiasts were invited offer the best prospect for improved Washington. to communicate through the airborne service to the press." Dr. Joseph V. Charyk, President, repeater and submit their test findings Mr. Smith said the satellite system and Gus Rauschenbach , director of to the Washington AMSAT headquar- could accelerate adoption of other congressional relations and corporate ters. Results of the testing are still new technology by the news media, development , attended the unveiling being compiled. "thus placing within reach new oppor- as COMSAT representatives. The tunities which challenge the imagina- COMSAT earth station at Talkeetna, More AMSAT flights are being tion." Alaska, was named after Bob Bartlett scheduled for this summer, when The ANPA represents a cross sec- at the July 1970 dedication ceremonies, prototypes of two other repeaters un- tion of newspapers and news execu- inaugerating commercial satellite com- der development for Oscar-6 will be tives throughout the United States. munications for the state. ready for testing. Andover Employees Give Retirement Party By Joanne Witas A retirement party was held on Fri- day, March 26, at the Madison Res- taurant for Bob Graham, utility man, who retired recently. Bob was presented with a watch and a sum of money, and Mrs. Graham was given a corsage. Bob has retired from COM- SAT, but hasn't given up working-he has a 125-acre farm which he intends to develop further now that he has more time. Most of the electrical material for the new antenna, as well as the track, is on site. Subcontractors for Philco- Ford are presently completing the pedestal work and installing the elec- tricals. The gear boxes for the elevation drives have arrived and the GT&E sub-reflector has been delivered and stored in the radome. Congratulations to Bruce Simmons and his wife on the birth of their second child, a boy, born on March 24, weighing 10 pounds 31.,2' ounces. Also, Jerry Bragdon and his wife celebrate the birth of their first child, a son, horn April 12.

Dr. Joseph V. Charyk presents Philip Metzger with the COMSAT scholastic award.

Philip Metzger Awarded Scholarship

This year' s winner of the COMSAT COMSAT employee who obtains the scholastic award is Philip Metzger, highest total score on the National son of Sidney Metzger, Assistant Vice Merit Scholarship Exam , provides a President -Technical and Chief Engi- yearly stipend for four years of under- neer . Dr. Joseph V. Charyk, President, graduate study. awarded the scholarship to Philip on behalf of the corporation in a brief From Page 3 afternoon ceremony on April 29. A senior at Walter Johnson High Fucino Tests the IV School in Bethesda, Philip plans to Some earth station characteristics attend the University of Michigan in are also measured as part of these tests. Mr. and Mrs. Bob Graham Ann Arbor. Presently, he intends to At Fucino, the antenna gain and the study American history in a prelaw receiving system effective noise tem- program. perature were measured using radio The last snow machine safari was While at Walter Johnson, Philip has astronomy techniques. held on a beautiful day and the con- taken part in a number of student ac- In addition, some new measurement ditions were excellent for the 40-mile tivities including photography and techniques and test equipment set-ups safari planned by some of the Andover writing . He is an editor of the school's were tried out in an effort to automate personnel. Dave Durand, Neil Merrill literary magazine . The Spectator. future INTELSAT IV spacecraft tests. and his son, Greg, from Bethel joined Interested in public affairs, Philip Some mechanization of these mea- Ralph Summerton, Al Briggs, Ken has taken part in a number of political surements is desirable because there Dixon and Dave Belanger in Andover. campaigns , including the Montgomery are 96 signal paths to be measured in Everyone assembled at Ralph's place County Students for Tydings cam- the INTELSAT IV communications for coffee and doughnuts. All the snow paign. Currently, he is the student transponders. machines revved up the East "B" coordinator for Montgomery County The test results verified that the in- Hill Road toward "C" Pond, where a Students for Muskie. orbit communications performance of roaring fire was built. Steaks, home The COMSAT scholarship, offered the spacecraft was satisfactory for fries and drinks were enjoyed by the each year to the son or daughter of a commercial service. hungry adventurers. 2 Publication Groups Visit Headquarters

The Federal Editors Association and the Society of Technical Writers and Publishers held a joint meeting at COMSAT's Plaza Headquarters on April 27. About 70 members and guests of the two organizations saw a screen presentation on COMSAT and INTEL- SAT in the theater of the Visitors Cen- ter, toured the Operations Center, and enjoyed a buf'f'et on the 8th floor overlooking the Potomac River. Senior Information Officer Al Gal- f'und greeted visitors. Matthew Gordon, Assistant Vice President for Public Information, answered questions for a few minutes after the slide presentation. Larry Covert, manager of the Operations Center, explained how the international system operates. Gus Rauschenbach, Lou Early, and Jerry Bidlack were on hand to answer specific questions for the guests.

The hydramech , a large variable volume pump and reservoir , is moved from the ICSC Nominee transportable station antenna pedestal to the recently completed building. Returns to England A bon voyage luncheon was given by At Paumalu COMSAT West personnel recently at Lococco's, Manhattan Beach, for the ICSC nominee, Neil While, who re- Crew Retires Station Equipment turned home to England. Neil was presented with a desk set made by Irv That Served Series II Satellites Dostis from a piece of petrified wood as a memento from the U.S.

Despite an early morning downpour location effort was the culmination of Paumalu. It had a job to perform and (Hawaiian liquid sunshine ), the men over four years planning and effort, performed it well. The "old timers" assigned to the facilities group and the it represented a momentous occasion will agree that Paumalu will never be TT&C station, along with several con- to everyone at Paumalu. the same when the vans are finally tractor personnel , were out in full So today, the vans stand empty moved off the station. force on April 20 to relocate several alongside the sugar-scoop shaped 42- April showers of blessings to the major items of equipment associated foot antenna overlooking the Pacific, Paul Motoyamas, senior technician, with the Paumalu transportable station. having served five active and useful on the birth of a son, and to the Al Two beam power supply units and years of service and leaving behind Prevos, operations supervisor, on the the hydramech equipment were re- many memories for the "pioneers" at birth of a daughter, both on April 20. located into a recently completed 14- foot x 25-foot concrete block building near the 42-foot casshorn transportable Technical Control Center Succeeds antenna. The transportable station was origi- In Maneuvering III F-6 Past the IV nally installed at Paumalu in 1966 to provide a TT&C facility for the initial INTELSAT 11 launches as well as INTELSAT III F-6 recently passed Technical Control Center turned the back - up for the NASA Apollo com- INTELSAT IV on its way to a new III's directional communications an- munications requirements. orbital position. tenna aside as the spacecraft passed Some of the " old timers" at Pau- Originally at 320 east longitude, the through the focused beams of the earth malu remember that the transportable INTELSAT III was being shifted to stations using INTELSAT IV. With its was to be shipped to Southeast Asia 340 East, where it can "see" all the antenna oriented normally, the III's early in 1967 . When this concept earth stations in the Atlantic region to live transponders would have begun to changed, planning was started towards play its role as backup satellite for the relay IV's traffic, causing distortion of moving the control equipment into the new INTELSAT IV and INTELSAT the signals received on the ground. main station building and relocating III F-7. In moving eastward over the Shortly after the Ill left the IV's the transmitter beam power supplies equator, it approached the position of neighborhood , the Control Center and antenna drive ( hydramech) into a INTELSAT IV at 335.6 East. turned the antenna 's face to the earth permanent facility. As the present re- Engineers in COMSAT's Spacecraft again. The Exacting World of COMSAT Regulatory Attorneys

COMSAT's regulatory attorneys primarily act as liai- other corporate officers, of COMSAT 's domestic satellite sons between the corporation and the Federal Communi- service filings . COMSAT has two proposals before the cations Commission, counseling the corporation on any FCC, one to serve the needs of AT &T in which COMSAT number of matters that come before the FCC. Under the would launch , own and operate three inorbit satellites, the direction of Larry DeVore, assistant general counsel for other proposal is for a multipurpose system employing regulatory matters, the staff is responsible for the regula- three additional inorbit satellites and the ground station tory legal aspects of all corporate activities subject to FCC network to serve all other customers . The first round of ruling, including rates and tariffs, accounting principles, comments on the original eight major filings was submitted applications for construction permits and operating li- to the FCC on May 12 and a second round is due in June. censes, operating agreements or contracts with other Staff responsibilities also include participation in carriers or foreign communications entities. COMSAT' s activities in preparation for the World Ad- Staff members assist many other COMSAT personnel ministrative Radio Conference (WARC) to be held in in drawing up papers on financial matters, filing fees, con- Geneva, Switzerland, beginning in June this year; co- struction permits and frequency spectrum use, and repre- ordination of COMSAT' s filings with the FCC and other sent the corporation in rulemaking and adjudicatory pro- governmental agencies regarding the cable-satellite and ceedings before the FCC and state regulatory agencies. traffic-sharing proceedings now in progress , and the re- The most ambitious project recently undertaken by the cently reactivated investigation into the level of COM- regulatory office was the preparation, in conjunction with SAT's rates.

Barbara Swaylick, secretary, fields an As assistant general counsel for regulatory matters, Larry Devore keeps his staff inquiry about an upcoming filing date. on a tight schedule to meet the growing number of filings, comments and papers. In addition to filings and comments, staff attorneys take on a number of responsibilities , including participation in conferences , earth station activities and satellite launch proceedings.

Besides handling regular staff assignments, Irv Goldstein also acts as executive secretary of the Earth Station Ownership Committee (ESOC). With him is Beverly Nitkowski , secretary.

Jack Hannon has been handling legal filings with the FCC regarding the INTEL- Dennis Brion, who came to the corpora- SAT IV program, including fees for launches and experiments using the satel - tion directly from the University of Vir- lite. He also concentrates on corporate comments in Alaskan proceedings . Taking ginia Law School, views regulation as dictation is Kitty Stephenson , secretary. the law of the future. The COMSAT Co-ops - Apprentice Professionals

The co-op program began in 1967 To date, six colleges and universities with one student from Drexel Univer- have participated jointly in the pro- sity and has expanded to include the gram with COMSAT. These include 14 students presently enrolled. In the the University of Cincinnati, Drexel interim, more than 50 students have University, Georgia Institute of Tech- had the opportunity to gain practical nology, Northeastern University, Vir- work experience at COMSAT through ginia Polytechnic Institute and Rens- the work-study program. selaer Polytechnic Institute. The main objective of the program The program is operated on a quar- is to provide practical experience for terly basis, and generally students work potential COMSAT employees by at COMSAT and attend classes in providing students with on-the-job alternate quarters. Students frequently professional work assignments. In ad- begin their work assignments in their dition, the program is part of a grow- sophomore year and continue through- ing educational curriculum in Ameri- out their four remaining years of study. can colleges and universities which All the students to date have been em- strives to close the gap between class- ployed in engineering, physics and re- room work and fulltime employment. lated fields. COMSAT participates in the co-op program on a year-round basis. The 14 students in the current program are here during alternate quarters, which in effect means that half of the students are here at any one time. The possibility of expanding the program to include more colleges and universities is being explored. COMSAT's Co-op Students

Student School Work Assignment Steve Barley VPl domestic and special project office Ed Bianchi Drexel spacecraft lab Jim Castelon Drexel domestic and The co-op students learn while special projects on-the-job at COMSAT, and at office the same time perform work Dan Collier Georgia Tech communications assignments as integral units of processing lab the professional staff. This is the communications Richard Crow Northeastern corporation ' s fourth year with University processing lab the program. John Doss Georgia Tech spacecraft lab Charles Dudney VP! physics lab Tom Lynch University of RF transmission Cincinnati lab John Moffett Georgia Tech communications processing lab

Dick Neubert Northeastern communications University processing lab Bill Rankin Drexel spacecraft lab Bob Renner University of communications Cincinnati processing lab

Mike Robusto Drexel domestic and special projects office

Andy Stambaugh Drexel RF transmission lab

I The Chairman's Statement 12 Directors To Shareholders Elected by Shareholders COMSAT shareholders elected 12 Following are excerpts from the state- directors at their annual meeting at ment of Joseph H. McConnell. Chair- L'Enfant Plaza on May 11, including man of the Board of Directors, at the a new board member, Gordon Ed- Annual Shareholders Meeting on May 11. wards, who is Chairman of the Board • The most significant development of and Chief Executive Officer of Kraftco 1970 was the continued growth in use Corporation. of the global communications satellite The election of Mr. Edwards as a system by countries of the world, and Series I (public) director increased the more specifically the substantial public representation on COMSAT's growth in our own business...our vol- Board to nine, while the number of ume of business increased nearly 50 Series 11 (carrier) directors decreased percent. The result was an increase to three. of $22.6 million in gross operating The eight incumbents re-elected as revenues and $8.7 million in net op- Series I directors were: erating income. • Philip W. Buchen This increase in net income from op- Joseph H. McConnell • Joseph V. Charyk erations enabled the directors to de- • William W. Hagerty clare the corporation's first dividend result in substantial savings to the • George L. Killion of 12 1/2 cents a share last October, public. Both the corporation and the • Joseph H. McConnell and to follow with the same dividend Commission are, therefore, interested • James McCormack action in each succeeding quarter. in reducing our charges for satellite • Bruce G. Sundlun • Leo D. Welch The major communicating countries services consistent with appropriate The three incumbents re-elected as of the world, however, have largely returns for our shareholders. Series II directors were: completed their earth station pro- • James E. Dingman grams and initial traffic patterns are • While we are on the subject of inter- • Richard R. Hough quite well established. This means national communications , I would like to comment briefly on negotiation of • Horace P. Moulton that we have entered a period of In addition, the COMSAT board more normal growth. the INTELSAT Definitive Arrange- ments which has now been in progress has three Presidentially-appointed • Operating revenues and earnings for more than two years ... It is still too directors: (for the first quarter 1971) were sub- early to predict the outcome of these • Frederic G. Donner stantially higher than first quarter negotiations . But it is COMSAT's • George Meany 1970, due primarily to a 36 percent objective, as it has been right along, • Rudolph A. Peterson increase in the number of half-circuits to work for agreements which will Following the shareholders meeting, leased full time by COMSAT from foster expansion and improvement of the directors reelected Mr. McConnell 1,566 to 2,130. The increase for the satellite communications to the maxi- as chairman and reelected all officers year 1971, however, will be at a lower of the corporation. mum extent possible , and which will rate , perhaps in the order of 20 per- Born in Franklin, Va., on May 29, be built on sound economic and man- cent. 1907, Mr. Edwards attended Virginia agement principles. Polytechnic Institute, and received an • We are presently seeking in the rate case before the FCC to establish a rate A.B. degree in Economics from George • We believe that COMSAT best fits Washington University in 1931. of return for the corporation and the criteria set forth by the White charges to customers, based on cur- House staff in its guidelines for pro- rent operating and financial condi- viding domestic satellite services- tions, which will be acceptable to the that is, free competition among those Commission, and are confident that who have the technical and financial this matter will be resolved in the best capability. We trust that we can meet interest of both the public and our the competition . Our record of tech- shareholders. nical and operating performance • The Commission has ruled that speaks for itself. Our retained earn- overseas traffic in the Atlantic area ings are at a satisfactory level, and be divided on the basis of five satel- a cash reserve of approximately $100 lite circuits for each cable circuit. million gives us a financial posture The Commission has further asked favorable to debt financing. that COMSAT file within 20 days a revised schedule of tariffs for Atlantic • There are still many matters of im- service to reflect the economies of the portance to be resolved. On the other new INTELSAT IV satellite, or sub- hand, we have established a sound mit a statement of reasons why reduc- base for continued growth and public tions are not yet warranted. service on many fronts, and I have The corporation has always main- every confidence that our past accom- tained that the use of satellites will plishments are a prologue to the future. Gordon Edwards The President's Statement Earth Stations To Shareholders Send Greetings To Shareholders

Following are excerpts from the state- Live greetings from around the world ment of Dr. Joseph V. Charvk. COM- via satellite were presented to the 1971 SAT President, at the Annual Share- Annual Meeting of COMSAT Share- holders Meeting on May II. holders on May 11. Earth stations in several foreign • The single most important event countries and U.S. stations at Cayey, since our meeting last year was the Talkeetna and Paumalu sent greetings successful launching of the first satel- to the shareholders' meeting via the lite of the new INTELSAT IV series satellite system. The earth stations sent on January 25, and its subsequent their greetings over the regular satel- placement in commercial operation lite circuits to the COMSAT opera- over the Atlantic Ocean. tions center, which relayed them to the This satellite represents a major theatre audience via the public address step forward in expansion of the com- system. munications capacity and efficiency of The demonstration was favorably the global satellite system, and serves Dr. Joseph V. Charyk received by the audience. Mrs. Wilma as a measure of the potential of high Soss of New York City, a shareholder, capacity satellites for U.S. domestic • Our earth station development asked COMSAT Chairman Joseph H. service as well. work is directed fundamentally to- McConnell to reply to the earth sta- • The increase in satellite capacity ward a two-edged objective of ex- tions greetings with a message express- was accompanied by a substantial panding station performance while ing hopes for peace, trade and better expansion in the worldwide network reducing both construction and operat- communications. of earth stations that work with the ing costs.... At the same time, we have It was Mr. McConnell's first per- satellites. A total of 12 new antennas, been and are continuing investiga- formance as chairman of a COMSAT at nine earth station sites in eight tions into potential uses for smaller annual meeting. He drew a compli- countries expanded the terrestrial and lower cost antennas in the order ment from Mrs. Evelyn Y. Davis of network for satellite communications of 42, 32. and even 16 feet in diameter. New York City for the way he con- to 53 antennas at 45 station sites in ducted the meeting. 32 countries. These earth station facili- • Extensive research and development The meeting lasted one hour and ties now provide more than 140 satel- is also being carried forward in even forty-two minutes, which was record lite pathways among 32 countries, and more advanced states of satellite and brevity for a COMSAT annual meet- these will grow as additional stations earth station technology, that is, trans- ing. go into operation in substantial num- mission in the higher frequency ranges Approximately 200 shareholders and bers during the remainder of this year which will help to shape the future their guests attended the meeting and heard reports by Dr. Joseph V. Charyk and next year. of satellite communications during the and Mr. McConnell. In addition to • As a part of our own earth station decade of the 1980s. electing twelve directors, the share- development program, a new station at holders reappointed the firm of Has- Talkeetna, Alaska, went into opera- • We have already done a great deal kins & Sells as COMSAT's indepen- tion in July 1970, uniting all 50 states of work on this problem in our Labora- dent public accountants for another by satellite communications for the tories, and recently received a $2.88 year, and rejected a shareholder pro- first time. Construction of a new 97- million contract from the National posal by Mrs. Davis, which would have foot antenna at the Andover, Maine, Aeronautics and Space Administration prohibited charitable contributions by station is scheduled for completion to determine minimum power margins the corporation. this summer. A second large antenna required for advanced communications A six-minute movie film on the is also planned for Andover, and systems in the 13 and 8 gigahertz launch of INTELSAT IV, prepared by should be ready during the latter part bands, and to study the weather inter- the information office was shown to ference phenomenon at these frequen- of 1972. shareholders as part of Dr. Charyk's cies. • The significance of the new INTEL- statement. SAT IV satellite reaches beyond its impact on international communica- • In concluding, however, I would like back new frontiers, doing things that tions. Derivatives of this satellite have to leave on a note of cautious opti- have never been done before. It is been proposed by COMSAT as the mism. We are in a high risk business. inevitable that we will experience basis for its two domestic system fil- We have experienced an unusual mea- ings before the Federal Communica- sure of success in achieving our funda- additional failures and encounter challenging problems in the future, tions Commission. A key modification mental objective, the establishment of just as we have in the past. But we involved is that of the reuse of the a viable global satellite system, a also have every confidence that our same frequencies through cross polari- system with an expanding potential successes will outweigh our failures, zation techniques developed by COM- to serve all nations. But, we have also and that we shall achieve satisfactorily SAT. This results in an effective doub- experienced our share of failures, and ling of the communications capacity have our share of problems. We are the successively higher goals we set of the satellite. pioneering a new technology, pushing for ourselves. CEA Headliners

Athletics Events Enjoy Popularity

Beverly J. Nitkowski The 1971 CEA board of directors has been most successful in putting together athletic programs, and while all phases of CEA's resources continue to grow, the sports program is growing most rapidly. For the first time, women were able to play competitive sports with the advent of the "Long Shots", the girls' basketball team. Everyone who participated felt that this was one of the most successful CEA endeavors. The CEA is continuing its women's physical fitness program this spring with the first women's softball team. "The Swingers," under the direction of Mary Lane, computer The wives of Henry VIII were the subject of a talk given by Coach Mel Harley and Assistant , at the University of Maryland. A student of British history, Mrs. Lane Coach Ty Ricks, began competitive division centered her talk on the merry king's marital hopscotch. play in the D .C. recreation league in early May. The men 's pfast itch softball team co ached John DeCaro began the sp seasonon victoriously. Lastast year, CEA's ring Plaza Party Held May 14 "Babe Ruths" were undefeated; the general feeling among team players On May 14, the Plaza lobby and courtyard area was the setting once again for and coach is that this season will be a the theme of this year's CEA's Spring Plaza Party. "Dancing Under the Stars", repeat performance of last year's were served be- was carried out by the music of the "DUST". Cocktails triumph. party, m.; hot and cold hors d'oeuvres were served. Meanwhile, back at COMSAT ginning at 5:45 p. "Miss CEA, 1971." She Labs, four mixed softball teams began Highlighting the evening was the crowning of the new who recently left the Corporation . Miss Pat Thompson will intramural play the first week of May replaces Sandy Brown , 1972" is chosen at the Christmas Dinner Dance. on the new athletics field. Games are reign until "Miss CEA, scheduled each Tuesday and Thursday afternoon at 6:00 p.m. Since the Redskins are already in Boating Club Buys Volleyball is a favorite sport for training, it is not too early to start several Labs members. Anyone inter- thinking about Washington's most Mobjack Day Sailor ested in trying a serve or two should enjoyed sport. Football is just another The boating club is now the proud contact Marty Earl, Ext. 4249. phase of the athletics program which owner of a Mobjack, a 17-foot open Three members of COMSAT table has had much participation in the past day sailer that can he used for cruising tennis club participated in a recent and hopefully will continue in future or racing. It is equipped with a spin- greater Washington area table tennis seasons. An annual Plaza/Labs game naker, an extra sail used to increase tournament. Each won two matches in is one of the biggest events of the sea- speed. the singles events. Participating were son. The boat is large enough to accom- J. Ayoub, J. Kaiser and G. Szarvas. The board of directors is presently modate the average family or up to six The club will get official affiliation trying to get a bowling team organized adults. It will be kept at the Washing- with the U.S. Table Tennis Associa- for entry in an autumn league. Plans ton Sailing Marina in Slip E-l. tion in the near future. must he made early to guarantee alleys. Twenty members of the club contri- A call for new tennis players was buted to the purchase of the boat, recently made via a CEA information which was partially funded by the bulletin. If you didn't get the word and CEA. Club members will have priority would like to take part in ladder play, Annual CEA Picnic in the use of the boat, but a schedule contact Alan Kasper, Ext. 6142 at the will be arranged to accommodate Plaza, or Carl Wenrich, Ext. 4457 at Plannedfor June 13 other CEA members. the Labs. Approximately 30 COMSAT em- The racket club has scheduled its CEA's social co-chairmen Kitty ployees are, participating in the Po- "get acquainted" Round Robin Mixed Stephenson and Bob Cool have sched- tomac River Power Squadron small- Doubles Tournament on May 22 from uled the 1971 Annual CEA Picnic for boat handling course sponsored by the I I a.m. until 2 p.m. at East Potomac Sunday, June 13, at Smokey Glen Club. Park. Farm in Gaithersburg, Md. This is the first in a series of For Your Benefit articles prepared by the personnel office on employee benefits offered by COMSAT. The per- The corporation has arranged a number of benefit plans in the interest of sonnel office suggests that em- employee financial security. These programs range from life and hospitali- ployees keep the articles for fu- zation insurance to government approved Social Security, unemployment ture reference and show them to and workmen's compensation plans. Also included are a number of per- members of their families. 10 sonnel policy benefits. Employee benefits fall into a number of categories. Briefly, the categories and benefit descriptions are as follows: George Dill Lectures COMSAT Insurance Plans At IEEE Session The COMSAT insurance program is designed to assist you and your dependents in meeting the financial problems associated with death, illness and/or accidental injury. George Dill of the communications The group insurance plans include: life, accidental death and dismember- processing laboratory spoke recently at ment and long term disability insurance for you-and medical insurance the New York City Chapter of the for you and your family. IEEE Professional Group on Com- Also included is a business air travel insurance plan which provides munications Technology. His lecture coverage for you while traveling on COMSAT business and the new volun- was one of a continuing series of edu- tary accident insurance plan which provides coverage for you and your cational lectures sponsored by the New dependents in case of accidental death or injury. York Education Committee on "Switching Systems and Their Appli- Financial Security Plans cations". To help you meet your financial needs in the years ahead, the corpora- Mr. Dill's lecture was on "Switching tion has two financial security plans for all regular employees. Applications in the Communications The COMSAT thrift and savings plan offers: Satellite Networks". In the lecture, he • a convenient method of systematic savings via payroll deduction: described how the application of • a corporate contribution equivalent to 50 percent of your savings, or $1 switching in the communications satel- for every $2 you save; lite network is being developed to • a choice of investment directions and opportunities; technically and economically improve • an opportunity to supplement your active employment income and retire- the establishment, operation, and ment benefits. maintenance of communication chan- The COMSAT pension plan is fully paid by the corporation. Normal nels between all countries throughout retirement is at age 65. But, early retirement is permitted as early as age 55 the world. His discussion focused on depending on several factors including years of accumulated service. SPADE, MAT-I and SDMA. The amount of retirement is determined by the employee's length of The lecture was attended by 150 service and his highest average earnings for five consecutive years during professional engineers and scientists the last ten years of COMSAT service. from organizations such as Columbia University, City College of New York, Government - Corporate Cooperative Plans AT&T Long Lines, New York Tele- The Social Security (FICA) Act was passed to help you and your depen- phone Company, RCA Globecom, dents when you reach retirement age. Under the act, both you and COM- ITT, WUI and other New York indus- SAT are taxed on an equal percentage of your gross pay, subject to a trial organizations. maximum specified by law. Social Security benefits are in addition to the retirement benefits you receive under COMSAT's retirement pension plan. Classified Ads Under provisions of the federal and state compensation laws, COMSAT Stove E.vhaust Hood, copper-color insures against unemployment. You pay no part of this program. COM- metal Air King hood, 42" wide by 16" SAT pays the entire cost. Should you become unemployed, for any reason, you should immediately deep, built-in light and fan, charcoal contact the nearest unemployment office where you live. The amount of filter; uses regular house electrical cur- your unemployment benefits will depend upon your past earnings, your rent , ductless. Bargain , $10, including number of dependents, and the conditions by which you became unem- all mounting screws. Contact Hale Montgomery. Ext. 6/00. ployed. All employees are covered by workmen's compensation insurance, as Printed Circuit: It's easy to get an- required by law. The cost of benefits is paid entirely by COMSAT. nouncements in the Printed Circuit, a Workmen's compensation pays for medical, hospital, and surgical ex- biweekly bulletin for COMSAT em- penses as well as partly reimbursing you for time lost from the occupational ployees. Just submit in writing an- illness or accident. nouncentent .s, notices or information of If you should become ill or injured as a result of your job, you must interest to Kav Smith, Room 4128 immediately report it to your supervisor. Should you fail to tell your super- Plaza, to be included in the next bul- visor about an accident or illness and you later suffer complications, you letin. The date of the succeeding could lose your compensation benefits. Printed Circuit will he announced on Benefits, Page 17) each bulletin , so you can judge the (See Corporate Personnel Policy timing of your article. Jamesburg Route Being Repaired 1:

By M. Lee Dorsey If you remember how long the drive into the Carmel Valley and the James- burg station used to be, you'd be dis- mayed at how much longer it became recently when detours rerouted traffic to permit repairs of the Carmel Valley Road. The Department of Highways started work on the road just south of the Carmel Valley Village and the James- burg station. During the past two years, many sections of the road have been washed out by seasonal rains. We had been traveling the road on a one-way basis before the repairs and rerouting began. A multitude of 182 patches was made at Etam in order to restore circuits lost when TAT-5 Road work is scheduled to continue for several months, but should provide us went out. and our visitors with more enjoyable At Etam travel when complete. One of the improvements already completed has been the removal of a Cable Outages Cancel Weekend Fun large tree once located at a sharp turn By Deloris Goodwin in the road. The presence of the tree Weekends are made for family fun Meanwhile, spring has come to the has forced several employees to head and hobbies, but not if you are an Etam "Garden of Etam". April was a mys- for the bank or hills when faced with employee and two Atlantic region tery. One day we would drive to work an oncoming car. cables have just gone our of service. in beautiful 80-degree weather and Parties Galore This happened to us recently, and have to snowshoe to work the next. Etam staff members spent the week- Hamburger season has resumed once The JCEA held its first quarterly end busily helping restore cable service again at Etam. Since the opening of party recently for employees and via the satellite system. We frantically the season three weeks ago, an average guests. The informal gathering was retuned filters, split racks and con- of 38 hamburgers have been prepared held at the Los Laureles Lodge in Car- figured the station to carry the extra weekly. Our chef, Chet Randolph, has mel Valley Village. Thirty-six people load. done a great job cooking all these braved the rain to attend the party, When it was all over, the sense of hamburgers and it would be almost im- which included food, refreshments and accomplishment outweighed the in- possible to find a replacement. The plenty of indoor fun. Everyone espe- convenience. facilities personnel are in the process of cially enjoyed the old player piano and fencing in a new picnic area, which is the sing-along. Station Test located just east of our control building, Bill Hartke, senior technician, and Marvin Bowser, IN FELSAT sys- under an apple tree and a wild cherry his wife, Barbara, celebrated the near- tems management; John Husted, com- tree. Just think how nice it will be to completion of their new home on West munications processing laboratory: and relax and enjoy the environment! Carmel Valley Road by inviting all of Frank Klisch , systems engineering Speaking of the weather, it seems the Jamesburg staff to a housewarm- division , were here to conduct a series that the high winds got in on the act ing party. of broadband data transmission tests. too. Part of our COMSAT sign near The COMSAT, AT&T and A.I.S. Tests were concluded with very good the entrance to the station was blown wives attended a luncheon held at the results. down recently. We realize it is only Rancho del Monte Country Club in Marvin Bowser sort of had "old spring, and we are anxiously awaiting Carmel Valley Village. home week " while here . Marv was beautiful summer weather in hopes that The Ladies Luncheon will now be a stationed at Jamesburg before he was the winds and rains stay at a minimum. regularly scheduled event, to be held transferred to Washington, D.C. Crawford Booth, facilities mainte- on the second Wednesday of each Dr. Robert Barthle , director, U.S. nance supervisor, came upon an eagle month. recently standing in the highway. They systems management , visited James- burg this spring. A dinner party for matched eagle eyes and the bird took him was given by station management off with a mighty flapping of wings. Carl Cooper was promoted recently Annual Spring Picnic Planned and their wives at the Carmel Valley from technician to senior technician. The JCEA is busy planning the an- Inn. Much interest was expressed in The Etam employees held a party on nual picnic for Jamesburg families. A the new COMSAT tie Dr. Barthle April 16 in the downtown classical tentative date has been set for June 17 wore that was right in fashion with the discotheque, SADIE'S, in Macomber. at the Bolardo Park near Hollister. latest in wide ties. From Brewster Used Equipment Goes to University

Brewster station has donated its original mazer low-noise receiver to the University of Washington in Seat- tle. Louis Correos, a technician with the electrical engineering department, accepted the mazer on behalf of the university. Students from the junior and senior classes of the Brewster High School attended a one-hour computer seminar conducted at the earth station by Ramon Hashberger, operations supervisor. Two students from the high school are participating in work experience programs at Brewster. Jeff Cook and Tom Weeks are working in the electronics maintenance shop. certificate authorizing $20,000 insurance per account. Signs of Spring Spring finally arrived at Brewster in April. Wayne Colpitts reported that Credit Union Accounts Now Insured a mother bird acted as a harbinger of spring by nestling four eggs in her The COMSAT Federal Credit Un- 1971 board held in April. Jim Kilcoyne antenna-perched nest. ion received notice from the National heads the staff as president , while Joe Darrell Nelson is planning to par- Credit Union Administration, an inde- Wellington now serves as vice presi- ticipate in the National Trap Shoot pendant government agency, that its dent . Betty Stover assumes the posi- competition in Reno, Nevada. Darrell accounts are now insured up to $20,- tion of secretary . Other board mem- is a frequent winner in many of the 000. The credit union applied for this bers include Ted Gottry, Sam Scialab- state meets in the area. increase in account insurance on the ba and Bill Kaht. first of this year and received approval The credit committee is headed by Personal Notes in April. Joe Wellington ; other members of the Wally Lauterbach treated the staff New credit union committee heads credit committee are Gene Christen- to lunch recently when he prepared were elected at the first meeting of the sen, Carl Sederquist and Walt Kutrip. one of his specialities -liver dumplings. The consensus opinion? Delicious. From Page 15 Dick Eliason returned to work after undergoing minor surgery, and he looks Corporate Personnel Policy Benefits sportier than ever. He, Don Allen and A list of the numerous personnel policy benefits includes the following: Pete Vaughan are getting about on bereavement leave; their new Hodaka motor bikes. discount purchasing; Brewster CEA disability benefits: A summer picnic is being planned educational assistance (tuition refund); for the Brewster employees to take holidays; place in mid-June. Dewey Martin and jury duty leave; Jerry Hart are in charge of the `Day at leave of absences; Alta Lake State Park'. National Merit Scholarship; Gas for Less? You bet. The BCEA personal reason business absences; has started pumping gas for Brewster membership in professional organizations; employees at a savings of six cents per vacation; gallon. Arrangements were made for free employee parking. the purchase of a used gas pump from The benefits listed are a complete outline of employee benefits offered by the Standard Oil dealer in the area. the corporation. In subsequent articles, specific benefits will be discussed in Gas is pumped in the morning and late more detail. afternoon, only at the change of shifts. The next article will deal with death benefits including the group life and Employees even enjoy the convenience accidental death and dismemberment insurance as well as business air of a charge card system, but the bills travel and voluntary accident insurance plans. Employees are encouraged have to he paid every two weeks says to direct questions on these topics to the personnel benefits office, which, in Imogene Cook, or delinquents might turn, will attempt to answer questions of a general nature in subsequent receive nasty stares until they're paid articles. up. Bowser Scores Low Gross to Win CEA's Spring Golf Tournament

The CEA' s spring golf tournament at the Washingtonian Golf and Country Club was won by Marvin Bowser , INTELSAT systems management , who shot a low gross of 79 in the gusty winds and drizzle. Bowser also won the low net and had the longest drive on the 9th hole, a 300- yard "frozen rope" down the center of the fairway. However , under the CEA' s rule of only one prize to a person , the low net trophy was awarded to Dave Burks, also INTELSAT systems management, and the longest drive prize went to Harold Craft, Labs, whose drive was about 10 yards shorter than Bowser's. Burks, who shot a gross score of 80 , has finished second in three of the past four tournaments and first in the other , for the best overall record in the tournaments. Aside from Bowser , the biggest winner for the day was John Heck, Manage- ment Review and Coordination , who gained the envy of all the players by waltz- ing off with the raffle prize - a matched set of four MacGregor woods. Heck's foursome partners prayed that the new woods would help his game. The prize for closest to the pin on the difficult par -three 1 I th hole was won by Dr. Joseph V. Charyk. On a day when most of the players were having trouble keeping tee shots out of the pond in front of the green or making them stick on the hard green , Dr. Charyk coaxed a cunning iron shot to within six feet of the pin. Second closest was believed to be George Skinner, Finance . With a finesse second only to Dr. Charyk' s, Skinner skipped a four -wood shot off the water and into a bank where it popped up in the air and landed about eight feet from the stob. Flight winners were as follows: First flight -Larry Weekley, first; Bill Brauer, second. Second flight - Jim Potts, first; Gene Gabbard , second. Third flight - Jack Rutter , first; Wayne Christensen, second. Fourth flight -Tony Buige, first ; Wilbert Zarecor, second. The prizes were golf shirts , except for trophies given for low gross and low net. More than 80 employees at the Plaza and the Labs participated . Arrange- ments were handled by Tony Buige, Labs, and Jack Dicks, Plaza.

Artist's Concept Of IV Launch On Display Here By Eda Boyle

For one woman's look at the INTELSAT IV launch, stop in Vera Wilson's office on the sixth floor. She has put her recollection of the launch activities and the people involved on canvas. The four foot high oil painting is one of many diverse subjects she has painted since she took up the hob- by five years ago. Some COMSATers are hopping around Europe these days. Pat Kiernan helped to represent COMSAT at the Operations Representatives Meeting in Munich from April 24 to May 1. She then visited other parts of Ger- many, France and Italy. Joyce McKenzie and her husband left May 6 for a month abroad. They will visit Scotland, England, Spain, Majorca and Portugal. Glenn Ziegler, assistant supervisor, Plaza mail room, will wed Barbara Vera Wilson displays her painting depicting activities at the INTELSAT IV launch. Rice, who is employed by the Depart- ment of Labor, on July 17. Both are from Washington, and the wedding will be at the Incarnation Catholic Church on Eastern Avenue A Grandmaster Takes on COMSAT ... and wins 17 games

Grandmaster Lubomir Kavalek faced 17 chess players at a simultaneous exhibition held in the Em- ployee Lounge at the Plaza in April. In two hours he had won all 17 games. Mr. Kavalek, originally of Czechos- lovakia, now lives in Washington. A full-time graduate student and teach- ing fellow at George Washington Uni- versity, he still finds time to play in major tournaments around the world and to give occasional exhibitions. Mr. Kavalek is generally recognized as one of the world's top chess experts. Last year he placed first in the international tournament at Caracas. In 1969 he won the North American Con- tinental Open. This June he will play in a major tournament in Israel. During the summer he will give a series of exhibitions around the United States. The event at COMSAT was sponsored by the Chess Club. Players from the Plaza and the Labs and a number of guests participated. Jim Shreve, chess club president, acted as host. After his last opponent had con- Ed \1 right ^ left) and Jack Dicks challenge Lubomir Kavalek while Bob Strauss ceded defeat, Mr.' Kavalek said, "I studir,, the moves. hate to be such a brute."