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Cleaning of Wooden Gilded Surfaces, Expert Meeting Report Experts Meeting Cleaning of Wooden Gilded Surfaces An Experts Meeting Organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, March 12–14, 2018 Stéphanie Auffret and Sydney Beall Nikolaus Cleaning of Wooden Gilded Surfaces An experts meeting organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, March 12–14, 2018 Stéphanie Auffret and Sydney Beall Nikolaus THE GETTY CONSERVATION INSTITUTE LOS ANGELES Cleaning of Wooden Gilded Surfaces: An experts meeting organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, March 12–14, 2018 PROOF 1 2 3 4 5 © 2019 J. Paul Getty Trust The Getty Conservation Institute 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 700 Los Angeles, CA 90049-1684 United States Telephone 310 440-7325 Fax 310 440-7702 E-mail [email protected] www.getty.edu/conservation ISBN: 978-1-937433-71-0 The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) works internationally to advance conservation practice in the visual arts— broadly interpreted to include objects, collections, architecture, and sites. The Institute serves the conservation community through scientific research, education and training, field projects, and the dissemination of information. In all its endeavors, the GCI creates and delivers knowledge that contributes to the conservation of the world’s cultural heritage. Front cover: Gilded wooden ornament with an aged, soiled surface. Photo: Stéphanie Auffret © J. Paul Getty Trust Cleaning of Wooden Gilded Surfaces: An experts meeting organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, March 12–14, 2018 PROOF 1 2 3 4 5 Contents Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 Considerations on the Field of Preservation of Wooden Gilded Surfaces 9 Education 17 Cleaning Systems for Wooden Gilded Surfaces 23 Major Issues and Challenges 23 Materials and Techniques Used by Conservators to Clean Gilded Surfaces 24 Applying the Modular Cleaning Program to Wooden Gilded Surfaces: What Can We Learn, and Where Do We Go from Here? 24 Evaluation of Wooden Gilded Surfaces and Effects of Cleaning Systems 27 Next Steps: Avenues for Action 29 References and Digital Resources 31 Appendix 1: Experts Meeting Participants 32 Appendix 2: List of Getty Staff Present at the Meeting 36 Cleaning of Wooden Gilded Surfaces: An experts meeting organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, March 12–14, 2018 PROOF 1 2 3 4 5 Acknowledgments This publication is the result of a collaborative effort, and the authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the following contributions: first, our deepest appreciation to the experts meet- ing participants who generously shared their time and knowledge about the preservation of wooden gilded surfaces around the globe, and provided comments and additional infor- mation for refining this manuscript. Within the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), we would like to express gratitude to Kathleen Dardes, Head, Collections, for supporting this initiative and providing the needed resources to facilitate this experts meeting; to Tom Learner, Head, Science, for providing members of his team to take part in the discussions; to Annabelle Sbarbatti for all her behind-the-scenes organization work; and to Michael Schilling and Douglas MacLennan in the Science department for their time and contributions. Within the J. Paul Getty Museum, we would like to thank Charissa Bremer David, Davide Gasparotto, and Gene Karraker, as well as volunteer Silvia Ottolini, for their participation in specific sessions and tours of the collections, which allowed for rich discussions. Countless thanks go to the GCI’s Publications team, Cynthia Godlewski, Chelsea Bingham, and Megan DiNoia, for skillfully shepherding the manuscript through the publication process; Sheila Berg for copy editing; Gary Hespenheide for design; and Angela Escobar and Anna Zagorski for dissemination; and to Gilles Auffret for photo documenting the meeting. 4 Cleaning of Wooden Gilded Surfaces: An experts meeting organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, March 12–14, 2018 PROOF 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction From March 12 to 14, 2018, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) held an experts meeting at the Getty Center to discuss issues related to the cleaning of wooden gilded surfaces. Twelve invited participants came from the United States, Brazil, Australia, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom. They were joined by Getty staff from the Conservation Institute and the Museum, bringing to the discussion additional colleagues from the United States and Italy. The participants were selected to offer different international perspectives and to represent diverse and complementary professional backgrounds in the field of wooden gilded surfaces conservation and cleaning systems developed for sensitive surfaces, as well as conservation science. FIGURE 1 Meeting participants, left to right: Davide Gasparotto (Getty Museum), Marie Dubost (Atelier de la Feuille d’Or, France), Silvia Ottolini (Getty Museum), Sydney Beall Nikolaus (Yale at the time of the meeting, currently Williamsburg), Leticia Ordonez Goded (Arcaz Restauración, Spain), Judy Wetherhall (Knoll House at the time of the meeting, currently freelance), Luiz Souza (Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil), Stéphanie Auffret (GCI), Nathalie Balcar (C2RMF, France), Margaret Sawicki (AGNSW, Australia), Peggy Olley (PMA), Mary McGinn (PAFA), Gene Karraker (Getty Museum), Stéphanie Courtier (C2RMF, France), Zoe Allen (V&A, UK), Chris Stavroudis (private practice, USA). Photo Gilles Auffret © J. Paul Getty Trust The meeting was organized as part of the first phase of a project, initiated by the GCI Collections Department, on cleaning approaches for wooden gilded surfaces, with the aim of addressing the need for specialized training in this field. Wooden gilded surfaces are found on a wide range of artifacts and settings, from collections objects in museums or private homes to architectural elements integrated into buildings such as churches and palaces. These complex, multilayered surfaces were created using various techniques applied to artifacts of different scales, representing a wide range of challenges when a cleaning treatment is needed. Since gilded surfaces are typically fragile and highly sensitive to polar cleaning systems and abrasion, they can become damaged or lost during cleaning 5 Cleaning of Wooden Gilded Surfaces: An experts meeting organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, March 12–14, 2018 PROOF 1 2 3 4 5 6 campaigns. Several factors that contribute to the challenges encountered in the treatment of these surfaces were identified at the start of the project, as follows: • No consensus on ethical considerations and goals of cleaning these decorative surfaces. • Lack of understanding of the value of preserving original and aged wooden gilded surfaces by the various stakeholders involved. • Insufficient understanding of original gilded surfaces by many conservators. • Scarcity of specialized training in the treatment of these surfaces in academic programs. These surfaces are often treated by conservators from allied special- ties (paintings, furniture, etc.) who might not fully understand them, or they are treated by craft-trained professionals who understand gilded surfaces but may not have the scientific background required to fully grasp newly developed cleaning systems. • Unfamiliarity with advanced cleaning options developed in other specialties, such as modern painted surfaces, that can be applied to gilded wooden surfaces. The GCI project aims to address these various factors through a variety of avenues, such as professional meetings, research into cleaning systems targeted at wooden gilded surfaces, reference materials, and a training course offered internationally. The project draws on former research carried out by the GCI and partners from other institutions on the cleaning of acrylic painted surfaces, which though different in nature are also sensitive to water-based cleaning systems. By applying the effective cleaning materials and applica- tion methods used for these surfaces to gilded wood, this project hopes to develop methodi- cal cleaning protocols for gilded surfaces, which will support the field by providing workshops and reference materials. The main goal of the March 2018 experts meeting was to discuss the preservation of wooden gilded surfaces globally, with a focus on cleaning, by addressing the following topics: • Who are the various stakeholders involved in the preservation of wooden gilded surfaces? What is the impact of their opinion, and who makes the final decision regarding treatment? Can there be more efficient dialogue between all those involved, including the conservator, and if so, how? • What is the level of knowledge of the materials and techniques used to create and restore wooden gilded surfaces throughout time and in different countries among professionals in charge of their preservation? • What are the educational offerings available in various countries in the field of gilded surfaces in terms of undergraduate and graduate educational programs and professional development opportunities for practicing conservators? What specific needs could be addressed through a GCI course for professional devel- opment? What kinds of reference materials would be helpful? • What approaches are taken to cleaning wooden gilded surfaces considering both ethical and practical perspectives? • What methods are used to examine gilded surfaces and assess the effects of cleaning? During the first day of the meeting, the participants gave presentations addressing the above questions with regard to their own backgrounds and experience and the practices
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