ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S with erva-mate, the South American Holly (Ilex OF paraguariensisButterflies and St.moths Hil.), (Insecta: in Rio Grande Lepidoptera) do Sul, Brazilassociated ISTS L Edegar Fronza 1,2*, Alexandre Specht 3 and Elio Corseuil 4 Alegre, RS, Brasil. 2 1 UniPontifíciaversidade Universidade de Caxias doCatólica Sul, Campus do Rio Grandeda Região do dosSul, Vinhedos,Faculdade Laboratório de Biociências. de Biologia, Avenida DepartamentoIpiranga, n° 6681, de CiênciasPartenon. Exatas CEP 90619-900. e da Natureza. Porto Alameda João Dal Sasso, n° 800, Universitário, Caixa Postal 32. CEP 95700-000. Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil. * 3 CorrEmbrespondingapa Cerrados. author. BR E-mail:020, Km [email protected] 18. Caixa Postal 08223. CEP 73310-970. Planaltina, DF, Brasil. 4 Rua Cecimbra Jaques, 111. CEP 90870-150. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Abstract: The result of an inventory on the lepidopteran fauna associated with the South American Holly (erva-mate) collections from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the systematic collection within commercial erva-mate farms located in Anta Gorda,is described. RS, and This on theinventory occasional was collections based on afrom bibliographic native trees review, within the the examination Região dos Vinhedos of specimens campus deposited of the Universidade in scientific all Lepidoptera were collected. A list of 75 lepidopteran taxa belonging to 16 families is presented, including 27 new occurrencesde Caxias do for Sul. the Every erva-mate fifteen crop,days ofbetween which 1420 speciesAugust represent2005 and new19 August records 2006, for the 150 state. trees were visually inspected and Introduction restricted knowledge of their species diversity, biology, Among the plants explored in the southern region of and population dynamics. Nevertheless, together, these Brazil, the erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis – Aquifoliaceae, insects can limit production, making periodical monitoring South American Holly) is a very evident crop with fundamental, considering that ecological imbalances, including those occurring due to the monoculture importance that forms one of the most characteristic agro- itself, can elevate one or more species to pest condition forestrysignificant systems socioeconomic, (Bozzetto 1995;environmental Tormen 1995). and Ascultural a tree (Penteado 1995). that is naturally ombrophilous, it becomes predisposed to pest attacks after being subjected to physiological alternative cultural management and, at the same time, stress, when cultivated in open areas, and especially as a contributeGiven that to the specific knowledge knowledge of the can insect provide fauna grounds associated for monoculture (Carpanezzi 1995; Borges et al. 2003). The with regional native plants, the objective of this study is to contribute an updated list of the Lepidoptera associated to generate impacts that favor some phytophagous insect with the erva-mate plant. species.simplification The observed of the ecosystem incidence ofto pestsa monoculture is less abundant tends in natural erva-mate stands that include other forest Materials and Methods species (Borges et al. 2003). The inventory data of the Lepidoptera associated to the Almost one hundred phytophagous insects are erva-mate crop was obtained from a bibliographic review, associated with erva-mate plants, especially among the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (Diaz 1997). With respect to collections within the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), from Lepidoptera, species which harm erva-mate plants have thefrom systematic the examination collection of specimens within commercial deposited in erva-mate scientific been mentioned since the beginning of the last century crops, and from occasional collecting. (Jorgensen 1921; Ronna 1934; Parseval 1937; Bourquin The bibliographic research encompassed all literature 1944). The number of harmful species has increased on the erva-mate plant, from Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina over time, where, Penteado (1995) listed 20, Azevedo and Corseuil (1996) 30, and Diaz (1997) 41 lepidopteran taxa. This increasing tendency in the number of associated onlyand Uruguay,generic levelregistering information the first were author considered to record when a species is mainly due to most previous research only associatedspecific Lepidoptera specimens species were present on the crop.in collections. The records with recording species with large economic impact, namely Hedypathes betulinus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (d’Avila collections of the following instituitions: the Museu de et al. 2006) and Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Hemiptera: Specimen examination included those from scientific Psyllidae) (Chiaradia et al. 2002), and the failure to Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (MCTP); consider the ecosystem as a whole. Most Lepidoptera theCiências Museu e RamiroTecnologia Gomes of Costa,the Pontifícia Fundação Universidade Estadual de occur at low population levels, without causing expressive Pesquisa Agropecuária, Porto Alegre (MRGC); the Museu economic damage to the erva-mate crop, resulting in very Anchieta de Ciências Naturais, Porto Alegre (MAPA); the Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 4 | 2011 496 Fronza et al. | Lepidoptera associated with Ilex paraguariensis in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Museu de Ciências Naturais of the Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (MCNZ); the Museu 2003; Lamas 2004) and sent to specialists when necessary. Entomológico Ceslau Biezanko, Faculdade de Agronomia D’AbreraThe nomenclature1995; 1986; Kitching was andupdated Cadiou following 2000; Willmott Davis Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (1964) for Psychidae; Heppner (1995) for Dalceridae, (MECB); the Coleção Andrej Menchoy Bertels of the Centro Limacodidae, Megalopygidae and Tortricidae; Heppner de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado, EMBRAPA, (1996) for Apatelodidae, Lasiocampidae and Saturniidae; Pelotas (CAMB); the Museu de Ciências Naturais, Kitching and Cadiou (2000) for Sphingidae; Lamas (2004), Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas (MUCP); the Setor for Hesperidae, Nymphalidae and Riodinidae; Pogue de Entomologia, Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade (2002) for Spodoptera Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (FASE); and the Noctuidae; Scoble (1999) for Geometridae and Teston and collection of the Laboratório de Biologia do Departamento Corseuil (2004) for Arctiinae.; Poole (1989) for the remaining de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul (CUCS). Results and Discussion Table 1 lists the Lepidoptera in alphabetical order, by between 20 August, 2005 and 19 August, 2006, for a total of 27The collections, systematic in collecting the municipality occurred of everyAnta Gorda,fifteen ofdays, the reference which cites the erva-mate as a host plant and the occurrencegenus and species, of the taxon also includingin the state the of first Rio bibliographicalGrande do Sul. commercial erva-mate farms with a minimum regrowth Additionally, when deposited material exists, the collection ofEncosta one yearInferior and dowithout Nordeste the region,use of stateinsecticides of RS. Threewere A list of 75 lepidopteran taxa belonging to 16 families examined in each farm. The study areas are located within isand/or presented, field capture including data 27 is new indicated. occurrences for the erva- selected and fifty randomly chosen trees were visually mate crop whose adults are shown in Figures 1-27. The number of lepidopteran taxa from published records, the a quadrilateral between the coordinates 28°56’40” S, specimens found in collections, and those obtained by 52°01’12”The occasional W; 28°57’11” collecting S, 52°01’13”occurred onW; several28°56’56” native S, erva-mate52°00’56” Wplants and 28°56’44”found in S,Bento 52°01’00” Gonçalves, W. within the A bibliographic review, with the updated nomenclature Região dos Vinhedos campus of the Universidade de Caxias collecting are presented in Figure 28. the feeding of reared larvae. Duringand the the exclusion systematic of collecting Lepidoptera in farms cited and/or as “sp.” occasional when do Sul, CARVI-UCS, from which leaves were removed for voucher material was not available, resulted in 48 taxa. obtained, including 26 new occurrences for the erva-mate RH After70 ± 10%,collection, with alarvae 14 hour were photophase, reared in and the fed CARVI with crop,collections of which in CARVI-UCS, 15 species thirtyrepresent seven new Lepidoptera records for were the erva-mateLaboratório leaves. de Biologia, Upon underemergence, a temperature adults were of 25 spread ± 1°C, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Six other taxa were found after and dried and eventually incorporated in the CUCS and examining collections, of which two are new records for MCTP collections as voucher material. The specimens the erva-mate crop, although one was also found during e.g. collecting. wereTable identified1. Lepidoptera using occurring specific on erva-mate bibliographic plants, indicatingresources the ( presence in the sampling (collecting in three commercial erva-mate farms within author to record the species for the crop and for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. #the Number municipality of individuals of Anta collected.Gorda, between * First recordsAugust 20, for 2005the erva-mate and August crop. 19, ** 2006, First andrecords occasional for the statesamples), of Rio Museum Grande doand/or Sul.