Mexican Railway System – an Overview
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Mexican Railway System – An Overview Mexikanisches Eisenbahnsystem – Ein Überblick Bahnsystemkolloquium – TU Dresden 19.11.2020 Dresden, Germany Fernández Bobadilla Héctor Alberto M. Eng. Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Outlook I. Background of the SFM.* II. Railway Freight Transport. III. Railway Passenger Transport. IV. Railway Safety and Security. V. International Overview. VI. Work and Perspectives at ARTF.** *Sistema Ferroviario Mexicano – Mexican Railway System. **Agencia Reguladora del Transporte Ferroviario – Railway Transportation Regulatory Agency. 2 Background of the SFM Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Origins of the Mexican Railway (I) ▪ 1837: President Anastasio Bustamante granted the first concession to Francisco Arrillaga to build the first railway line between Mexico City and Veracruz Port. (The rail was not built). ▪ 1864: Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico and the Imperial Mexican Railway Company began construction of the Mexico-Veracruz railway line. ▪ 1873: President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada Ferrocarril Mexicano, 1873 inaugurated the „Ferrocarril Mexicano“ (Mexican Railway), which was the first railway to run in Mexico. ▪ 1876-1911: President Porfirio Díaz encouraged the massive construction of railway lines through the country via subsidies and concessions to national and international companies. 1876: 398 [mi] (640.5 [km]) 1910: 15 360 [mi] (24 719.5 [km]) ▪ 1909: Creation of „Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (FNM)“ (National Railways of Mexico), a new government corporation to control and manage the rail Emperor Maximilian I President Porfirio Díaz lines with a majority of a share ownership. of Mexico 5 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Origins of the Mexican Railway (II) Total Year of Railway Line From To Length Inauguration [km] Veracruz (through Ferrocarril Mexicano Mexico City 470 1873 Orizaba) Ferrocarril de Sonora Hermosillo Nogales (US Border) 422 1881 Ferrocarril Central Ciudad Juárez (US Mexico City 3515 1884 Mexicano Border) Nuevo Laredo (US Ferrocarril Nacional Mexico City 1715 1888 Border) Piedras Negras (US Ferrocarril Internacional Durango 1456 1892 Border) Veracruz (through Ferrocarril Interoceánico Mexico City 817 1892 Xalapa) San Jerónimo Tapachula (Guatemala Ferrocarril Panamericano 458 1908 Tehuantepec Border) Ferrocarril Sud-Pacífico de Guadalajara Nogales (US Border) 1483 1927 México 6 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Nationalization of the Mexican Railway ▪ Railways played a very important role in the Mexican Revolution (1910-1935). ▪ The railways lines transported rebel soldiers to the battle and the railway vehicles were used several times as moving headquarters of the revolutionary leaders. Mexican Revolutionary Soldiers on a Train ▪ During this period, the railways greatly suffered from neglect, damages and lack of maintenance. ▪ On June 13, 1937, short after the end of the hostilities, the Mexican Railway was nationalized under Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas´ mandate. ▪ FNM operated the whole Mexican Railway System from 1938 to 1996. Nationalization of the Mexican Railways by President Lázaro Cárdenas, 1937 7 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Concession (Privatization) of the Mexican Railway ▪ To 1991, FNM („Ferronales“) has achieved an operative deficit of US $ 552 millions. ▪ The tracks were in a poor state because of lack of maintenance; the service was slow, inefficient and there were frequent interruptions. ▪ On March 2, 1995 President Ernesto Zedillo signed the President Ernesto Zedillo Reform to the Article 28° of the Mexican Constitution, which allowed the participation of private companies in the railway sector. ▪ In 1996 the railway network was divided into concession lines. The two biggest railway concessionaries in Mexico (Grupo Mexico and Kansas City Southern de Mexico, KCSM) assumed control of most of the network´s length. ▪ As part of the privatization, FNM suspended passenger rail service in 1997. 8 Concessionaire and Assignee of the SFM Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Mexican Railway System ▪ Total Length of Railway Lines: 26 914 [km] o Lines in operation: 23 547 [km] (87.49%) − Main Line: 17 250 [km] − Secondary Line: 3950 [km] Total Area: − Private Line: 2347 [km] 1 972 550 [km²] o Lines out of operation: 3367 [km] (12.51%) Total Length of Railway lines: 26 914 [km] → ퟎ. ퟎퟏퟒ [km of railway line / km²] ▪ Nine Concessionaire and Assignee Companies: o Ferromex (FXE): 3 lines, 8130 [km] (46.90%) o Kansas City Southern de México (KCSM): 1 main line, 4312 [km] (24.87%) o Ferrosur: 2 lines, 1823 [km] (10.52%) o Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec (FIT): 3 lines, 1926 [km] (11.11%) o Linea Coahuila-Durango (LCD): 1 short line, 763 [km] (4.40%) Total Area: o Ferrocarril y Terminal del Valle de México (FTVM): 302 [km] (1.74%) 357 582 [km²] o ADMICARGA: 1 short line, 71 km (0.41%) Total Length of Railway lines: o Tren Turístico Puebla-Cholula: 1 touristic line, 8 km (0.05%) 33 423 [km] o Ferrocarriles Suburbanos: Only operation, no concession line → ퟎ. ퟎퟗퟑ [km of railway line / km²] 11 Railway Freight Transport Kapitel_1 Kapitel_2 Kapitel_3 Kapitel_4 Kapitel_5 Kapitel_6 Main Points ▪ From 2009 to 2019 the total tons of railway freight has grown in 38.6% and the number of ton-km has also increased in 28.7% 2009: 90.3 × 106 푡표푛 , 69 185 × 106 푡표푛 − 푘푚 2019: 125.2 × 106 푡표푛 , 89 049 × 106 푡표푛 − 푘푚 ▪ In the last decade (2009-2019) the distribution of the railway freight was: o Industrial Products: 47.3 % o Agricultural Products: 25.2 % o Mineral Products: 12.8 % o Oil and derivate: 8.6 % o Others: 6.1 % ▪ The main railway export in 2019 was motor vehicles: 4.7 × 106 푡표푛 . This corresponds with an increment of 461.7% in the last decade. ▪ The main railway import in 2019 was corn: 10.5 × 106 푡표푛 . This corresponds with an increment of 156.1% in six years. ▪ In 2019 the railway transported 12.8% of the total freight, considering air, road, railway and maritime modes. Mehr Eisenbahn wagen! 13 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Railway Freight Network 14 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Evolution of the Railway Freight (2009-2019) 128,0 126,9 135 125,2 130 122,0 118,5 125 115,5 111,9 120 111,6 Net Tons 108,4 115 104,6 ▪ Positive tendency in a decade. 110 105 ▪ 2009-2019: + 38.6% 100 90,3 ▪ 2018-2019: - 2.2% Net Tons (millions) Tons Net 95 90 85 89.049 80 87.924 86.316 90.000 84.683 82.712 79.855 79.728 85.000 79.353 78.770 77.717 80.000 Net Ton-km km (millions) km 75.000 - ▪ Positive tendency in a decade. 69.185 ▪ 2009-2019: + 28.7% 70.000 Net Ton Net ▪ 2018-2019: + 1.3% 65.000 60.000 15 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Freight Distribution per Concessionaire / Assignee 2019 Ferromex and KCSM concentrate 83.2% of the tons and 90.1% of the ton-km of the total railway freight in the SFM. Net Tons 2019 Net Ton-km 2019 KCSM 44,2 mill. de ton. KCSM 30.160,2 mill. de ton-km Ferrosur 15,0 mill. de ton. Ferrosur Ferromex 7.253,4 mill. de ton-km Ferromex LCD 50.094,9 mill. de ton-km 59,9 mill. de ton. 3,1 mill. de ton. LCD 793,3 mill. de ton-km Ferrovalle 2,2 mill. de ton. Ferrovalle FIT FIT 74,9 mill. de ton-km Admicarga 0,6 mill. de ton. Admicarga 669,6 mill. de ton-km 0,1 mill. de ton. 3,0 mill. de ton-km 16 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Evolution of the Foreign and Domestic Trade Freight (I) 70 60 50 40 30 Tons (millions) 20 10 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 ImportacionesImportation ExportacionesExportation ComercioLocal Trade Interior Total Moved Freight in 2019: 125.2 million tons Foreign Trade Freight: 88.3 million tons (70.5%) Increase of 75.5% in Foreign - Exportation: 22.3 million tons Trade Freight since 2013! - Importation: 66.0 million tons Local Trade Freight: 36.9 million tons (29.5%) 17 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Evolution of the Foreign and Domestic Trade Freight (II) Local vs. Foreign Trade Freight Exportation vs. Importation 2019 29,5 70,5 2019 74,8 25,2 2018 28,5 71,5 2018 73,4 26,6 2017 37,1 62,9 2017 76,7 23,3 2016 34,5 65,5 2016 76,6 23,4 2015 38,5 61,5 2015 75,3 24,8 2014 53,1 46,9 2014 76,3 23,7 2013 55,0 45,0 2013 75,2 24,8 2012 54,6 45,4 2012 81,0 19,0 2011 51,5 48,5 2011 82,0 18,0 2010 46,0 54,0 2010 83,9 16,1 2009 49,3 50,7 2009 88,0 12,0 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENTAGE [%] PERCENTAGE [%] ImportacionesImportation ExportacionesExportation ComercioLocal Trade Interior ComercioForeign Exterior Trade 2009-2010: Local and Foreign Traffic balanced. Importations constitute the largest part of the 2011-2014: Preponderance of Local Traffic. railway freight traffic! 2015-2019: Two thirds of the freight is Foreign Traffic. Importations 2019: 66.0 million tons 74.8% of the Foreign Traffic Obvious preference to Foreign Trade! 52.7% of the total freight volume. 18 Introduction Predictive maintenance Suitable parameters Conclusions Main Importation Products 12 Corn is the main importation product. 10 ▪ Corn alone constitutes 8 11.89% of the foreign trade cargo and 8.38% of the total 6 railway freight. 4 ▪ Corn importation volume is NET TONS (MILLIONS) almost twice as high as any other imported commodity 2 in the last decade! 2013: 4.1 million tons 0 2019: 10.5 million tons 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 → Increment of 156.1% → + 1.1 [mill.