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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses 'Between East and West: the Anglican career of William Palmer of Magdalen, 1811-1849.' Wheeler, Robin Sinclair How to cite: Wheeler, Robin Sinclair (2003) 'Between East and West: the Anglican career of William Palmer of Magdalen, 1811-1849.', Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3139/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Robin Sinclair Wheeler 'Between East and West: the Anglican Career ofWilliam Palmer of Magdalen, 1811-1849.' PhD Thesis Abstract 2003 Deacon William Palmer of Magdalen was unique among those connected with the Oxford Movement in that he travelled to Russia seeking communion from the· Russian Orthodox Church, on the basis that the Church of England could rightly claim to be part of the one Holy, Catholic & Apostolic Church. Derided by the expatriate English in Russia as an 'ass', a Madman', and 'a strange enthusiast', he was nonetheless highly respected by the Russians themselves as 'an excellent defender of a bad cause.' Rejecting with incredulity his representations on behalf of the Church of England, the Russians urged him instead to accept Orthodoxy without qualification or question. This thesis charts Palmer's increasing disillusionment with Anglicanism, and his desperate search for some part of it that would affirm his understanding of the Church of England as a truly catholic institution, albeit corrupted by Protestantism. It recounts the opposition he faced from his own family, and in particular his clergyman father, whose initial support gave way to alarm and dismay over his son's actions, particularly as they revealed an increasing orientation towards Rome. It describes the hostility he faced from the highest authorities of the Church of England, who paid lip-service to the idea of unity with the Churches of the East, but in practice took every opportunity to court the Protestant churches of Europe. It tells the story ofPalmer's rejection by the Episcopal Church of Scotland. It also considers why after years of discussion with the hierarchies of the Orthodox Church in Russia and Greece, and complete intellectual acceptance of Eastern doctrine, Palmer nevertheless became a Roman Catholic, and how his conversion to Catholicism cost him his career and drove him to exile in Rome. JEetweeiiil lEa§tt ~IIIl{]l We§t: tlhte AIIIlgllicatiiil Call"eeir off Wnllllnam P~llmell" off Magdlalleiiil 9 n8nn~ n84J.9. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published in any form, including electronic and the Internet, without the author's prior written consent. All information derived from this thesis must be acknowledged appropriately. A copyrigM of this tllllesis rests wftalll tllle audllnor. No (]lUll01a1imn from ia shoUllllrll be pUllbllishedl wi111Doua IIDis prior wrRaaellD. consel!D.t al!D.rll nl!D.lt'ormation dlernved from it shoUlllld lbe adrnowlerllgedl. Depatll"tmmeiiilt of 'TI'Ibteollogy DlEClLARA T:O:ON I, Rolbillll Sn!llldanr Wllneellu, the author of this thesis, do solemnly and sincerely declare and affirm that none of the material submitted in this thesis has been previously submitted by me for a degree at the University of Durham or any other university. CONTJENT§ INTRODUCTION p. 1 CHAPTER! CHILDHOOD, RUGBY AND OXFORD p.4 (i) Rugby School p. 10 (ii) Magdalen p. 16 CHAPTER2 FRANCE AND DURHAM p.24 (i) Travels and Religious Disputation in France p.36 CHAPTER3 RETURN TO OXFORD p.52 (i) The S. P. C. K. p. 83 (ii) Preparation for Russia p. 87 CHAPTER4 RUSSIA, 1840-41 p.99 (i) First Impressions p.99 (ii) The State of Religion in Russia p. 104 (iii) Palmer' s Protagonists p. 115 (iv) The Debate Commences p. 118 (v) Russian Scepticism p. 128 (vi) Application for Communion p. 136 (vii) Local Difficulties and Customs p. 139 (viii) On Shifting Sands p. 149 (ix) Visit to Moscow p. 156 (x) Farewell to Russia p. 159 (xi) Holding up a Mirror p. 165 CHAPTERS THE CURSING DEACON p. 171 (i) The Jerusalem Bishopric p. 174 (IT) Controversial Correspondence p. 190 CHAPTER6 THE GALITSIN AFFAIR p.205 CHAPTER 7 RETURN TO RUSSIA p.237 CHAPTERS STRUGGLE FOR A SOUL p.265 CHAPTER9 PEARLS BEFORE SWINE p.279 CHAPTER 10 THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES p.293 (i) The Princess Reappears p.296 CHAPTER 11 PAS SING INTO OBLIVION p.308 CHAPTER12 CONCLUSION p.324 BIBLiOGRAPHY p.328 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Sheridan Gilley, for his patience and frequent reassurance over the course of the last three years, and for the privilege and pleasure of being a student of his undergraduate and postgraduate courses. I am grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Board for their generous funding of the last fifteen months of this PhD. I would like to thank the staffs of the libraries of Durham, Edinburgh, and Leeds Universities, ofthe British Library, the John Rylands Library, Manchester, the Bodleian, and in particular of Lambeth Palace Library for their help and interest. I am especially grateful to Dr. Robin Darwall­ Smith, Archivist ofMagdalen College, for his friendly interest and advice. I am grateful to the late Gerard Tracey, Librarian of the Birmingham Oratory for his assistance, and to Professor Francis Thomson for permission to quote from his 1963 thesis on Palmer. I would also like to thank the underpaid and overworked staff of the Senate and Synod Archives, St. Petersburg, and Ms. Daria Yudina for her patient translation of both archives and menus. I am most grateful to Bishop KONSTANTIN, Rector ofthe Spiritual Academy of St. Petersburg, for allowing me to share the life of the Academy for three weeks, and for the assistance and kindness of the Academy staff, Father Kyrill, Father Methodi, Father Vladislav, and Nadja. I would also like to thank the following for their very generous hospitality: Father Andrey Kordochkin and his wife Alix in St. Petersburg, H. H. District Judge Margaret Brown (retired) and Martha Wailes in London, the Queen's Foundation in Birmingham, and Sister Brigitta Hoegemann and her fellow Sisters of the Work at Littlemore, Oxford. ABBREVIATJ[ONS AC Venn, J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses (Cambridge: CUP, 1922-54), Part II. AM William Palmer' s Aunt Mary AO Foster, J., Alumni Oxonienses (London: Foster, 1888). ASC William Palmer, An Appeal to the Scottish Church (Edinburgh: Laurie, 1849). ATR William Palmer, Aids to Reflection on the Seemingly Double Character ofthe Established Church (Oxford: Parker, 1841 ). BL British Library BO Birmingham Oratory CB Cokayne, G. E., Complete Baronetage (Gloucester: Sutton, 1983). CCD Crockfords Clerical Directory (London: Horace Cox, 1876). CP Cokayne, G. E., The Complete Peerage ofEngland, Scotland, Ireland and the United Kingdom The Hon. Vicary Gibbs (ed.) 13 vols. (London: St. Catherine Press, 1913). CTR Gorman, W. Gordon, Converts to Rome (London: Sands & Co., 1901). CW Charles Wordsworth, Bishop of St. Andrews. DNB Stephen, Leslie, and Lee, Sidney (eds.), The Dictionary ofNational Biography (London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1885-1900) DP Dorothea Palmer, mother of William Palmer. DUC Vapereau, G., Dictionnaire Universe! des Contemporains (Paris: Lahure, 1858 ). EA William Palmer, Examination of an Announcement Made in the Prussian State Gazette (Oxford: Parker, 1842). Ed P Edwin Palmer, Archdeacon of Oxford, brother of William Palmer. Em P Emma Palmer, sister ofWilliam Palmer. ES Brockgauz & Ephron, Encyclopedeskii Slovar, 82 vols. (St. Petersburg, 1890- 1902). FT Thomson, Francis, 'William Palmer and the Orthodox Church' (Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge University, 1964). GHP George Horsley Palmer, brother of William Palmer. L&D Dessain, Charles Stephen, et al., The Letters & Diaries ofJohn Henry Newman, 1801-1890 (London: Nelson). LP Lambeth Palace Library MAG MSS at Magdalen College, Oxford MCR Bloxam, J. R., A register ofthe presidents, fellows, demies ... and other members ofSaint Mary Magdalen College in the University ofOxford (Oxford: Graham, 1853-85). MEB Boase, Frederic, Modern English Biography (London: Cass & Co., 1897). MFP Palmer, Ro~dell, Earl of Selborne, Memorials Family and Personal, vols. I & II (London: Macmillan, 1896). MID Middleton, R. D., Magdalen Studies (London: SPCK, 1936). NBG Didot, F., and Hoefer, J. C. F., Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 46 vols. (Paris: Didot, 1860-66). _ NV Newman, John Henry, Notes ofa Visit to the Russian Church (London: Kegan Paul Trench, 1882). RBS Russldi Biograjicheskii Slovar, 8 vols. (New York: Kraus, 1962). RBSI Russldi Biograjicheskii Slovar Index (Vaduz: Kraus, 1963). RGIA Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv, St. Petersburg .. ROM Macray, W. D., A Register ofthe Members ofSt. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford, from the foundation ofthe college (New series) (London: Frowde, 1894- 1915). RP Roundell Palmer, later Earl ofSelborne, brother ofWilliam Palmer. RWB The Rev. R. W. Blackmore, chaplain at Cronstadt. SEC Bertie, David. M., Scottish Episcopal Clergy, 1689-2000 (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 2000). T L C Thomas Legh Claughton, Bishop of St. Albans. WEG William Ewart Gladstone WJP Rev. William Jocelyn Palmer, father of William Palmer WP Deacon William Palmer of Magdalen Z Zemov, Nicholas, William Palmer, unpublished MS, in the possession of the author.
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