Content:

● Classification / / ● Overview Detection Methods ● Transits ● Transmission spectroscopy ● Heterodyn detection ● Radial velocities ● Rossiter-Mclaughin effect ● Signs for Live ● Outlook / Future missions (Bubble Chart from „Open catalogue“ 19.1.2015)

General:

Planets of the solar system (Credit: Lunar&Planetary Institute)

Definition: (IAU) Characteristics:

● Host system ● a or starsystem ● ● Stable shape due to own ● ● Composition ● Has cleared its immediate neighbourhood ● Temperatur ● Geologic / atmosspheric activity ● To small for thermonuclear fusion processes ● Moons ● Life?? Detection methods:

(Credit: „The Exoblanet Handbook“,Micheal Perryman 2011) Transmission spectroscopy / Transits:

(Figure by Sara Saeger)

(Figure from „The exoplanet hanbook“)

Missions for Transit Detection:

Corot: Kepler: (2006-2013)

Keplers findings:

(Source: Nasa Exoplanet Archive)

Transmission / Emission spectroscopy:

Atmospheric scale height:

Contribution in flux:

Transmission Signal = A - B Emission Signal = A - B Equilibrium temperatur model:

Transmission / Emission spectroscopy:

(Theoretical model of transmission spectrum for two known „hot jupiters“) Transmission / Emission spectroscopy:

Sptzer Space Telescope:

(Measurments by Spitzer Space Telescope , together with model) Instruments for trans./em. spectroscopy: Hubble Space Telescope:

(Transit observations of HD 18977 by HST together with two diff. atmospheric modells)

(HST Data of HD 209458 b) An alternative to gratings: Optical heterodyne detection:

Radial velocities:

Cross correlations: / Calibration:

(Calibration with frequency comb)

Harps:

● in Chile ● Echelle spectrograph ● Feeded by 3.6m telescope (by optical fibers) ● Calibrated by spectrum of a Thorium lamp ● In Vacuum Vessel ● Down to 1 m/s accuracy

Gliese 581e ( and Sun for size comparison)

(Harps Data: Spectrum of HD142022 ) Rossiter–McLaughlin effect:

(Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for HD

189733; Winn et al. , 2006) Signs for live / Biomarkers:

(Simulated reflection of with Clouds) (Simulated specrum for diff. methan concentraions)

● Deviations of chemical ballances What to look for: ● Traces of unusual complex molecul Future missions:

James Webb Space Telescope

● long-wavelength visible to the mid-infrared ● High spectral resolution ● 6,5 meter primary mirror ● Scheduled launch in 2018

Thank you for your attention.

Sources:

● The Exoplanet Handbook; Perryman 2011 ● Detection of atmospheric haze . ● Infrared Transmission spectroscopy, Deming 2013 ● http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ ● http://www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com/ ● seagerexoplanets.mit.edu/ ● Spectra as windows into ● exoplanet atmospheres, Burrows 2013 ● http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/lasilla/instruments/harps.html ● http://jwst.nasa.gov/index.html