DOCSLIB.ORG

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: a Moravian Settlement in Colonial America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: a Moravian Settlement in Colonial America National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America (Photo by Diane LaBelle) Casting their eyes toward the rich, arable lands of Pennsylvania, members of the Moravian community purchased a 500 acre tract of land north of Philadelphia in 1741. There, along the Lehigh River, they organized and built the communal society of Bethlehem, which became the base location for all Moravian missionary activity in North America. In 1780, an observer wrote: The first time I visited Bethlehem...[when] issuing out of the woods at the close of the evening in the month of May, [ I ] found myself on a beautiful extensive plain, with the vast eastern branch of the Delaware on the right, richly interspersed with wooded islands, and at the distance of a mile in front the town of Bethlehem, rearing its large stone edifices out of a forest, situated on a majestic, but gradually rising eminence, the background formed the setting sun. So novel and unexpected a transition filled the mind with a thousand singular and sublime ideas and made an impression on me never to be effaced.1 National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America Document Contents National Curriculum Standards About This Lesson Getting Started: Inquiry Question Setting the Stage: Historical Context Locating the Site: Map 1. Map 1: Moravian settlements in the mid-Atlantic region Determining the Facts: Readings 1. Reading 1: Early History of the Moravian Community 2. Reading 2: The Choir System 3. Reading 3: Moravian Town Planning Visual Evidence: Images 1. Drawing 1: Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1766 2. Photo 1: The Gemeinhaus 3. Photo 2: The Single Brethren House 4. Drawing 2a: The Single Brethren House, plan of first floor 5. Drawing 2b: The Single Brethren House, plan of second floor 6. Drawing 2c: The Single Brethren House, plan of third floor 7. Photo 3: The Bethlehem Waterworks 8. Photo 4: The Moravian Chapel Putting It All Together: Activities 1. Activity 1: Developing a Time Line 2. Activity 2: Mapping a Neighborhood References and Endnotes Additional Resources National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America Where this lesson fits into the curriculum Time Period: Mid-to-late 18th century Topics: The lesson could be used in units on the American colonial period and the role of religious groups and missionaries in the country's expansion. It also could be used in a World History course in a unit on the Reformation. Relevant United States History Standards for Grades 5-12 This lesson relates to the following National Standards for History from the UCLA National Center for History in the Schools: US History Era 2 • Standard 1A: The student understands how diverse immigrants affected the formation of European colonies. • Standard 2B: The student understands religious diversity in the colonies and how ideas about religious freedom evolved. • Standard 3A: The student understands colonial economic life and labor systems in the Americas. Relevant Curriculum Standards for Social Studies This lesson relates to the following Curriculum Standards for Social Studies from the National Council for the Social Studies: Theme I: Culture • Standard A: The student compares similarities and differences in the ways groups, societies, and cultures meet human needs and concerns. • Standard D: The student explains why individuals and groups respond differently to their physical and social environments and/or changes to them on the basis of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs. • Standard E: The student articulates the implications of cultural diversity, as well as cohesion, within and across groups. Theme II: Time, Continuity and Change National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America • Standard B: The student identifies and uses key concepts such as chronology, causality, change, conflict, and complexity to explain, analyze, and show connections among patterns of historical change and continuity. • Standard C: The student identifies and describes selected historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the rise of civilizations, the development of transportation systems, the growth and breakdown of colonial systems, and others. Theme III: People, Places and Environments • Standard G: The student describes how people create places that reflect cultural values and ideals as they build neighborhoods, parks, shopping centers, and the like. Theme IV: Individual Development and Identity • Standard C: The student describes the ways family, gender, ethnicity, nationality, and institutional affiliations contribute to personal identity. Theme V: Individuals, Groups, and Institutions • Standard A: The student demonstrates an understanding of concepts such as role, status, and social class in describing the interactions of individuals and social groups. • Standard B: The student analyzes groups and institutional influences on people, events, and elements of culture. • Standard F: The student describes the role of institutions in furthering both continuity and change. • Standard G: The student applies knowledge of how groups and institutions work to meet individual needs and promote the common good. Theme VII: Production, Distribution, and Consumption • Standard A: The student gives and explains examples of ways that economic systems structure choices about how goods and services are to be produced and distributed. • Standard E: The student describes the role of specialization and exchange in the economic process. • Standard F: The student explains and illustrates how values and beliefs influence different economic decisions Relevant Common Core Standards This lesson relates to the following Common Core English and Language Arts Standards for History and Social Studies for middle school and high school students: Keys Ideas and Details National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America • CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.2 Craft and Structure • CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.4 Integration of Knowledge and Ideas • CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.7 Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity • CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.10 National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America About This Lesson This lesson is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration file, "Central Bethlehem Historic District," and other source material. It was published in 2000. This lesson was written by Diane LaBelle, Director, The Banana Factory. It was edited by Teaching with Historic Places staff. This lesson is one in a series that brings the important stories of historic places into classrooms across the country. Objectives 1. To investigate the early history of the Moravians; 2. To explain why the Moravians founded the community of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; 3. To examine the life ways of the Moravian community in the 18th century in the New World; 4. To compare and contrast the types of structures in 18th-century Bethlehem with those located in their own community. Materials for students The materials listed below can either be used directly on the computer or can be printed out, photocopied, and distributed to students. 1. A map of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and other Moravian settlements in the mid-Atlantic region; 2. Three readings on the history of the Moravian community and the development of Bethlehem; 3. A drawing of Bethlehem in 1766; 4. Four photographs of surviving buildings in Bethlehem; 5. Floor plans of Bethlehem's Single Brethren House. Visiting the site Visitors to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania can tour the town's historic district. For more information, contact the Moravian Museum of Bethlehem, 66 West Church Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18018, or visit the historic district’s website and learn about the Moravian museum. The museum is open Tuesday through Saturday from 1-4 p.m. National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America Getting Started What might this building be? For what purpose do you think it was used? What makes you think so? National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America Photo Analysis Worksheet Step 1: Examine the photograph for 10 seconds. How would you describe the photograph? Step 2: Divide the photograph into quadrants and study each section individually. What details--such as people, objects, and activities--do you notice? Step 3: What other information--such as time period, location, season, reason photo was taken--can you gather from the photo? Step 4: How would you revise your first description of the photo using the information noted in Steps 2 and 3? Step 5: What questions do you have about the photograph? How might you find answers to these questions? National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Moravian Settlement in Colonial America Setting the Stage The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Spirit of the Moravian Church 2011 Preface
    The Spirit of the Moravian Church 2011 Preface One of the most frequent requests to the Moravian Archives has been for a reprint of Clarence Shawe’s delightful little booklet, The Spirit of the Moravian Church. This e-book edition reproduces that booklet in its original form. In addition, the observations of two other bishops are provided for the insight they give, spanning the centuries, on the Moravian spirit. Bishop Clarence H. Shawe wrote The Spirit of the Moravian Church for the great celebration of our church’s 500th anniversary in 1957. He prepared it in the context of the British Province, and his writing reflects the style of a more gracious age when he was growing up there in the late 19th century. Some of the details and expressions may therefore sound unfamiliar to many American ears of the 21st century. That being said, this is a very solid, enjoyable, and informative work which truly captures the spirit of our worldwide Moravian Church. In doing so it clearly expounds and explores several key characteristics which have shaped our Church for more than 500 years and continue to define it today. As such, it is well worth the reading in this or any other century. Bishop D. Wayne Burkette presented his message of “A Gifted Church, a Giving Church” to the 2008 Insynodal Conference of the Southern Province. As president at the time of the Province’s Provincial Elders Conference and formerly headmaster of Salem Academy, Bishop Burkette offers a distinctly 21st-century view of the gifts of the Moravian Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitution of the Moravian Church in America, Southern Province
    Constitution of the Moravian Church in America, Southern Province Section 1. Name and Title The name and title of this Province of the Unitas Fratrum shall be the "Moravian Church in America, Southern Province." Section 2. The Government of the Unity The Unity Synod of the Moravian Church is supreme in all things assigned to it by the Constitution of the Unity. In all other affairs of the Unity in the Southern Province, the Government is vested in the Provincial Synod, and in the Boards elected and authorized by the Provincial Synod. Section 3. The Provincial Synod The Provincial Synod has the supreme legislative power of the Province in all things not committed to the Unity Synod. It shall consist of elected delegates and official members; it shall determine the qualification of its own members; it shall prescribe what bodies shall be entitled to representation, and on what basis, and in what manner to be elected. Section 4. Duties and Functions of the Provincial Synod The Provincial Synod shall have power: 1. to carry out the principles of the Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum) laid down by the Unity Synod for constitution, doctrine, worship and congregational life; 2. to examine and oversee the spiritual and temporal affairs of the Province and its congregations; 3. to legislate in regard to constitution, worship and congregational life for the Province; 4. to provide the vision, direction and expectations for Provincial mission and ministry and to review the results thereof; 5. to elect the Provincial Elders' Conference which shall constitute the administrative board of the Province and which shall be responsible to the Synod for the management of the affairs committed to it; 6.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moravian Church and the White River Indian Mission
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1991 "An Instrument for Awakening": The Moravian Church and the White River Indian Mission Scott Edward Atwood College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History of Religion Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Atwood, Scott Edward, ""An Instrument for Awakening": The Moravian Church and the White River Indian Mission" (1991). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625693. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-5mtt-7p05 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "AN INSTRUMENT FOR AWAKENING": THE MORAVIAN CHURCH AND THE WHITE RIVER INDIAN MISSION A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements-for the Degree of Master of Arts by Scott Edward Atwood 1991 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Author Approved, May 1991 <^4*«9_^x .UU James Axtell Michael McGiffert Thaddeus W. Tate, Jr. i i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Z T:--1 ( Signa Ure of Certifying Ohicial " F/ Date
    NPS Form 10-900 008 No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) U National Park Service This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 1 0-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property historic name St. Philip's Moravian Church other names/site number St. Philip' s ~1oravian Church in Salem city, town Hinston-Salem, Old Salem vicinity state North Carolina code NC county Forsyth code zip code 27108 Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property KJ private [Zl building(s) Contributing Noncontributing o public-local Ddistrict 1 ___ buildings o public-State DSi1e ___ sites o public-Federal D structure ___ structures Dobject _---,...,--------objects 1 __O_Total Name of related multiple property listing: Number of contributing resources previously N/A listed in the National Register 0 As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this ~ nomination 0 request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National R~g~ter of Historic~nd me~Js the procedural a~d profes~ional r.eq~irements set f~rth .in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • ROLE of the BISHOP of the MORAVIAN CHURCH UNDERSTANDING and PRACTICE of the CZECH PROVINCE Concerning the Attitude to the Role
    ROLE OF THE BISHOP OF THE MORAVIAN CHURCH UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE OF THE CZECH PROVINCE Concerning the attitude to the role of the bishop of the Moravian Church, the Czech Province carries on the attitude of the Ancient and Renewed Unitas Fratrum. The role of the bishop in the Ancient Moravian Church (Unity of Brethren) The Ancient Unity of Brethren was established as an expression of the desire of a group of brethren around brother Gregor to live together in obedience to the Lord, according to the Scriptures, and following the example of the apostles. This desire of the brethren was a renewal of the early church. An important step was taken in 1467 in Lhotka near Rychnov, when - after long deliberation and prayers – they appointed their own bishops. This was done by drawing lots. In the words of brother Gregor: "We have entrusted the Lord our God, that He has chosen some to the office of apostle in place of His Son beloved Lord Jesus Christ” (Jan Blahoslav, About the Origin of Unity and Her Order). By drawing lots Matthias of Kunwald, Thomas of Prelouč and Elias of Chřenovic were chosen. Brother Gregor then testified that he was ahead of God's revelation that it will be these three. The Ancient Unity understood bishops as successors of the Apostles. Initially, there were three bishops, and later their number was increased to four and then to six. Each bishop (senior) had several assistants (conseniors) to help him; the bishops along with assistants formed the board. The bishops were elected by the synod votes of all the priests (pastors), and were confirmed by current bishops.
    [Show full text]
  • A Church Apart: Southern Moravianism and Denominational Identity, 1865-1903
    A CHURCH APART: SOUTHERN MORAVIANISM AND DENOMINATIONAL IDENTITY, 1865-1903 Benjamin Antes Peterson A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of North Carolina Wilmington 2008 Approved by Advisory Committee Glen A. Harris Walter H. Conser William D. Moore Chair Accepted by Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iv DEDICATION .....................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi INTODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER ONE – “TO CARE FOR OURSELVES”: A MORAVIAN SCHISM ...........13 CHAPTER TWO – “REVIVALISM AND KINDRED SUBJECTS”: A CHALLENGE TO LITURGICAL WORSHIP ..............................................................................34 CHAPTER THREE – “BLESSED AND EXTENDED”: MORAVIAN DENOMINATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOLS ......................................................53 CHAPTER FOUR – “PATRIOTIC COMMUNICANTS”: THE MATURE SOUTHERN CHURCH .........................................................................................74
    [Show full text]
  • Count Nicholas Ludwig Von Zinzendorf (1700-1760)
    Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf (1700-1760) Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf was born in Dresden on May 26, 1700. He became a leader of the Protestant Reformation and the founder of the Renewed Moravian Church. Zinzendorf built the Moravian Church upon the foundation of Comenius's Revision of The Order of Discipline of the Church of the Brethren. Zinzendorf wrote the Brotherly Agreement of 1727 for the Protestant refugees who had taken refuge on his estate. He soon became the leading theologian of the Moravian Church. The young Count studied theology and submitted to ordination within the Lutheran Church in order to offer political protection and spiritual guidance to the Herrnhut community. Zinzendorf’s theology grew out of Luther's Catechisms, Comenius's records of Brethren teachings and his own experiences in the Herrnhut community. Zinzendorf’s teachings put Christ at the center of the Moravian theology. The Count wrote hymns and litanies which stressed the salvific benefits of Jesus' death upon the cross, and introduced the lovefeast to Moravian life (Sawyer, p. 41 ). Zinzendorf emphasized devotion to the blood of Jesus, organized church bands, designated the role of the Holy Spirit within the Moravian community as the role of a mother (Kinkel, p. 24), and moved the Moravians toward mission work because of his belief that the atonement of Jesus had opened the hearts of all individuals to the voice of the Holy Spirit proclaiming the Good News of salvation (Kinkel, pp. 61-67). Formation Influences from Count Zinzendorf’s Early Life Zinzendorf was born to position, power, and piety.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech-American Protestants: a Minority Within a Minority
    Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: Czech-American Protestants: A Minority within a Minority Full Citation: Bruce M Garver, “Czech-American Protestants: A Minority within a Minority,” Nebraska History 74 (1993): 150-167 URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH1993CAProtestants.pdf Date: 3/23/2015 Article Summary: There were few Czech-American Protestants, but they received the assistance of mainline American Protestant denominations in establishing congregations and building meeting houses. They perpetuated the use of the Czech language and did important charitable work. Cataloging Information: Names: František Kún, Jan Pípal, E A Adams, David S Schaff, Will Monroe, Gustav Alexy, Albert Schauffler, Vincenc Písek, A W Clark, Jaroslav Dobiáš, František B Zdrůbek, Bohdan A Filipi, Tomáš G Masaryk, J L Hromádka Place Names: Bohemia; Moravia; Saunders and Colfax Counties, Nebraska;
    [Show full text]
  • One Flock, One Shepherd: Lutheran-Moravian Relations
    One Flock, One Shepherd: Lutheran-Moravian Relations One Flock, One Shepherd: Lutheran-Moravian Relations Since 1992, North American Moravians and Lutherans have been in dialogue about what it means to be churches seeking unity under one Lord and Savior. In 1998 and 1999, the Moravian Church Northern and Southern Provinces, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, voted to establish a relationship of full communion. This relationship would recognize a mutual commitment to faith, practice, the nature of baptism, and the Lord’s Supper. Since 1999, these denominations have made visible commitments to evangelism, witness, and service, and work hard to keep one another informed about decisions around faith and life. As a result of this full communion relationship, Moravians and Lutherans listen to one another in decision-making and encourage ordained ministers to serve in each other’s churches. This summary, One Flock, One Shepherd: Lutheran-Moravian Relations, promotes further conversation and relations between Lutherans and Moravians. In 2007, the Eastern West Indies Moravian Province joined in full communion along with Moravians and Lutherans in North America. Likewise, an invitation was extended to the Moravian Alaskan Province to join as well. I. Looking Back: The Lutheran-Moravian Relationship: While we have been close to each other geographically, ethnically and theologically, Lutheran and Moravian churches in North America proceeded on separate denominational tracks. European and Native American influences in culture, tradition, and perspective, are mutually enriching for the entire life of the church. Jan Hus and the Bohemian Brethren, on the Moravian side, organized themselves as the Unitas Fratrum, preparing the ground for Martin Luther’s German Reformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Holy Roman Empire
    WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 1 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 CONTENT Historical Background Bohemian-Palatine War (1618–1623) Danish intervention (1625–1629) Swedish intervention (1630–1635) French intervention (1635 –1648) Peace of Westphalia SPECIAL RULES DEPLOYMENT Belligerents Commanders ARMY LISTS Baden Bohemia Brandenburg-Prussia Brunswick-Lüneburg Catholic League Croatia Denmark-Norway (1625-9) Denmark-Norway (1643-45) Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurpfalz) England France Hessen-Kassel Holy Roman Empire Hungarian Anti-Habsburg Rebels Hungary & Transylvania Ottoman Empire Polish-Lithuanian (1618-31) Later Polish (1632 -48) Protestant Mercenary (1618-26) Saxony Scotland Spain Sweden (1618 -29) Sweden (1630 -48) United Provinces Zaporozhian Cossacks BATTLES ORDERS OF BATTLE MISCELLANEOUS Community Manufacturers Thanks Books Many thanks to Siegfried Bajohr and the Kurpfalz Feldherren for the pictures of painted figures. You can see them and much more here: http://www.kurpfalz-feldherren.de/ Also thanks to the members of the Grimsby Wargames club for the pictures of painted figures. Homepage with a nice gallery this : http://grimsbywargamessociety.webs.com/ 2 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 3 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 The rulers of the nations neighboring the Holy Roman Empire HISTORICAL BACKGROUND also contributed to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War: Spain was interested in the German states because it held the territories of the Spanish Netherlands on the western border of the Empire and states within Italy which were connected by land through the Spanish Road. The Dutch revolted against the Spanish domination during the 1560s, leading to a protracted war of independence that led to a truce only in 1609.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Moravian Pietism
    EARLY MORAVIAN PIETISM BY MILTON C. WESTPHAL Lansdowne, Pennsylvania T HE visitor to the modern steel-town of Bethlehem, Penn- Tsylvania, is impressed with the noise and bustle of a com- munity which never would be suspected of having a distinctly spiritual origin. He might easily pass by the group of stone buildings on Church Street, which once housed the stalwart ad- herents of the Moravian Pilgrim Congregation, without noting that the historic edifices are essentially different from the many other closely built dwellings and business structures which en- croach upon them. Yet within the walls of these venerable piles were enacted scenes whose romance and passion have never yet been adequately appraised for their significance in the vari- colored history of American Protestantism. Even the townspeople of Bethlehem are almost entirely oblivi- ous of the fact that the name "Moravian Brethren" is one by which to conjure up a noteworthy succession of valiant religious characters, whose heroic deeds and pious strivings are still to be celebrated in an epic of the love of the Brethren for "The Christ of the Many Wounds." To be sure some of the remnants of the early fervor of the Moravian Church still remain to impress themselves upon the work-a-day minds of modern Bethlehemites, but American Moravianism has undergone a radical transforma- tion. The former holiness and the communal economy of that exclusive brotherhood have been surrendered. The fervent pietistic spirit, which prevailed when foot-washing and the "kiss of peace" were characteristic symbols, now lingers only as a pass- ing memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Count Nicolaus Ludwig Von Zinzendorf's Theory for Missions Portrayed at Herrnhut and by Selected 18Th-20Th Century Moravian Missions
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1986 Count Nicolaus Ludwig Von Zinzendorf's theory for missions portrayed at Herrnhut and by selected 18th-20th century Moravian missions. Roth, Larry A. Yale University http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21749 >(0i CO 00 CD COUNT NICOLAUS LUDWIG VON ZINZENDORF'b THEORY FOR MISSIONS < PORTRAYED AT HERRNHUT AND BY SELECTED I D 18th-20th CENTURY MORAVIAN MISSIONS < f^7<2l3 DTIC ELECTE LARRY A. ROTH MAY 2 8 t988 Lieutenant Commander S Chaplain Corps United States Navy Spring Semester, 1986 y r* / i/M2j>?*fr'**? A Thesis in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Wei. 704 b AMERICAN RELIGIOUS HISTORY, II Rel. 731 a S. b HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE THIRD WORLD READING COURSE BY THE ABOVF SAME TITLE MASTER OF SACRED THEOLOGY DEGREE V YALE DIVINITY SCHOOL New Haven. Connecticut PaTtlB UTlO_N_STAfg MTf,T _A Approved lot public iwleaaaf ry /^ Distribution Unlimited £6 Z 3 4 »•.-.>. T239266 ' TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 The German Pietist Foundations 9 Count Zinzendorf : The Forming of a Mission Theory . 19 Herrnhut: The Base for Mission Outreach 31 West Indies: The First Mission Experiment 47 Zinzendorf's Developing Mission Theory 58 Selected Moravian Missions 69 Indian Missions in Southern California 86 Conclusion 103 Bibliography 109 Appendix A: Method for the Conversion of the Heathen . 113 Appendix B: Plan for a Catechism for the Heathen . 114 Appendix C: Moravian Mission Statistics 116 DUE pry ROOL.v ' 1 3 ?! INTRODUCTION ft ?: In the history of Christian missions, Moravians* £ have been admired and emulated. The purpose of this paper ™ is not to review the history of Moravian missions^- but «< to trace the development of the theory of missions in the -,\ life and work &J Count Nicolnus Ludwig Von Zinzendorf and to Sf analyze the significance and impact this theory had upon *'.• Moravian missions as they expanded throughout the world in i the 18th and 19th century with some review of modern 3 Moravian missions.
    [Show full text]