Greece and Britain Since 1945 Second Edition, Edited by David Wills
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Greece and Britain since 1945 Second Edition Greece and Britain since 1945 Second Edition Edited by David Wills Greece and Britain since 1945 Second Edition, Edited by David Wills This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by David Wills and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-5534-0, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5534-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures............................................................................................ vii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Introduction: From “Elusive Spell” to Hollywood Locale David Wills Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 13 Kay Cicellis: The Unresolved Dilemma of the Bilingual Writer Peter Mackridge Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 39 “Mist, Melancholy People, Unemployment and Rapists”: London in Greek Fiction Since 1974 Eleni Papargyriou Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 57 Modern Greek Literature in Britain Since 1945 David Connolly Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 65 Re-imag(in)ing Arcadia: British Intervention in the Post-War Reconstruction of Greece, c. 1945-1946 Alexandra Moschovi Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 103 Truth Will Triumph: The British Council and Cultural Relations in Greece Jim Potts Chapter Seven .......................................................................................... 135 Not Enough Tomatoes: The Television Dramas of Michael J. Bird David Rice Chapter Eight ........................................................................................... 147 British Reactions to the Military Dictatorship of 1967-74 David Wills vi Table of Contents Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 155 Belonging to Two Cultures: An Anglo-Greek Identity Crisis Loretta Proctor Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 173 Tear Gas and Petrol Bombs: Civil Discourse in Contemporary Athens Brian Church Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 177 Promoting Greek Culture in Hard Times: The Role of the Hellenic Centre Agatha Kalisperas Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 183 Durrell School of Corfu Richard Pine Chapter Thirteen ...................................................................................... 191 Interpreting the Greek Crisis from a British Media Perspective George N. Tzogopoulos Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 203 British-Greek Research Laboratory William Mallinson Contributors ............................................................................................. 207 Index ........................................................................................................ 211 LIST OF FIGURES 1-1: Stanley Casson’s grave, St Columb Minor, Cornwall. Photograph taken by Victoria Wills, April 2013 ............................................................ 2 1-2: John Craxton’s house in Poros. Photograph taken by Victoria Wills, August 2012 ................................................................................................ 3 1-3: John Craxton’s house in Poros. Photograph taken by Victoria Wills, August 2012 ................................................................................................ 4 2-1: Kay Cicellis, London, 1950-1. Reproduced by kind permission of Lila Palaiologou .................................................................................... 35 5-1: Voula Papaioannou: arrival of the first grain shipment at the Port of Piraeus, 1945, © The Benaki Museum Photographic Archive, Athens ... 70 5-2: Voula Papaioannou: distribution of clothing at the First Cemetery, Athens, 1945, © The Benaki Museum Photographic Archive, Athens. .... 71 5-3: Voula Papaioannou: trainee nurses at Hippokrateion Hospital, Athens, 1945, © The Benaki Museum Photographic Archive, Athens. .... 74 5-4: Voula Papaioannou: children eating out of tins al fresco, Aspraggeloi, Ioannina, 1946 © The Benaki Museum Photographic Archive, Athens. ... 76 5-5: Voula Papaioannou: “Clothing—children, Greece”, c.1945-6, © The Benaki Museum Photographic Archive, Athens ................................ 78 5-6: Dimitris Harissiadis: factory workers, Thessaly and Macedonia, June 1957, © The Benaki Museum Photographic Archive, Athens. ......... 79 5-7: Voula Papaioannou: repatriation, 17th June 1945, © The Benaki Museum Photographic Archive, Athens. ................................................... 82 5-8: Maria Chroussachi: Tymfristos [British Red Cross Mission], 1945, © National Gallery and Alexandros Soutzos Museum Archive, Athens ...... 87 viii List of Figures 5-9: Maria Chroussachi: medical examination, Tymfristos [British Red Cross Mission], 1945, © National Gallery and Alexandros Soutzos Museum Archive, Athens .......................................................................... 88 5-10: Maria Chroussachi: open-air surgery, Psachna, Euboea [British Red Cross Mission], 1945, © National Gallery and Alexandros Soutzos Museum Archive, Athens .......................................................................... 89 5-11: Maria Chroussachi: medical examination, Tymfristos [British Red Cross Mission], 1945, © National Gallery and Alexandros Soutzos Museum Archive, Athens .......................................................................... 91 5-12: Maria Chroussachi: bathing, Ayios Georgios [British Red Cross Mission], 1945, © National Gallery and Alexandros Soutzos Museum Archive, Athens ......................................................................................... 92 5-13: Maria Chroussachi: camping on the beach [British Red Cross Mission], 1945, © National Gallery and Alexandros Soutzos Museum Archive, Athens ......................................................................................... 94 6-1: Page from the Anglo-Hellenic Review, issue 1, 1946. Reproduced by kind permission of the British Council ............................................... 130 7-1: Michael J. Bird, c. 1983. Reproduced by kind permission of Mrs Olive Bird .................................................................................... 141 7-2: Olympic Airways window display promoting the BBC television series The Dark Side of the Sun, autumn 1983. Reproduced by kind permission of Mrs Olive Bird .................................................................. 143 9-1: Loretta Proctor’s mother and father at their engagement ................. 156 9-2: Loretta Proctor at the Acropolis. This shows how little crowded it was then and how one had a panoramic view of Athens ......................... 160 9-3: Loretta Proctor’s mother’s cousin Petros and her auntie Theodora, Easter 1967, Thessaloniki ........................................................................ 161 11-1: Façade of the Hellenic Centre, Marylebone, London W1. Reproduced by kind permission of the Hellenic Centre .......................... 178 Greece and Britain since 1945 ix 11-2: Opening of a photographic exhibition “Greece: Images of an Enchanted Land 1954-1965” by Robert McCabe, 7th February 2011. Reproduced by kind permission of the Hellenic Centre .......................... 181 12-1: Seminar leaders Professor David Bellamy, left, and Dr David Shimwell, right, with students at the “Gerald Durrell Week” hosted by the Durrell School of Corfu, 2013. Photograph courtesy the Durrell School of Corfu ....................................................................................... 186 13-1: Interest of British newspapers in Greece from 2005 until 2012 ..... 194 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: FROM “ELUSIVE SPELL” TO HOLLYWOOD LOCALE DAVID WILLS Many books have been written about the Athens of classical days, but there are other aspects of her history and associations to which less justice has been done. (Bosanquet 1914:viii) In 1943, with the Greek people suffering the terrors of Axis occupation, a book by Stanley Casson attempted to reinforce the solidarity between Greece and Britain. The author stressed the culture shared by the two peoples. After the fall of the Roman Empire, it was Byzantium which had acted as a beacon of civilization in Europe, spreading Greek art, architecture, literature and religion via trade routes to the West (Casson 1943:38). By the nineteenth century, cultural dominance had been reversed, with the British giving assistance to the establishment of parliamentary democracy in the fledgling nation of Greece: “from the British, [the Greeks] acquired a knowledge of the workings of the British Constitution, on