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Protective Effects of Tea on Human Health This Page Intentionally Left Blank Protective Effects of Tea on Human Health Protective Effects of Tea on Human Health This page intentionally left blank Protective Effects of Tea on Human Health Edited by Narender K. Jain,1 Maqsood Siddiqi2 and John Weisburger3 1International Society of Tea Science, New Delhi, India 2Bose Institute, Kolkata, India 3Formerly Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, USA CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Protective effects of tea on human health / edited by Narender K. Jain, Maqsood Siddiqi, and John Weisburger. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-84593-112-4 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-84593-112-2 (alk. paper) 1. Tea--Health aspects. 2. Tea--Therapeutic use. I. Jain, N. K. (Narender Kumar) II. Siddiqi, Maqsood. III. Weisburger, J. H. (John H.) [DNLM: 1. Phytotherapy--methods. 2. Tea. 3. Camellia sinensis. 4. Catechin--therapeutic use. 5. Plant Extracts--therapeutic use. WB 438 P967 2006] RM251.P76 2006 615′.321--dc22 2005034785 ISBN-10: 1-84593-112-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-84593-112-4 This volume is Volume II of the series Global Advances in Tea Science. Volume I was published by the International Society of Tea Science, New Delhi, India. Typeset by AMA DataSet Ltd, UK. Printed and bound in the UK by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge Contents Contributors vii Preface ix Part I: General Protective Effects of Tea 1 Tea is a Health-promoting Beverage in Lowering the Risk of Premature Killing Chronic Diseases: a Review 1 J.H. Weisburger 2 Tea as a Rasayana 6 B.N. Dhawan 3 Prophylactic Functions of Tea Catechins 16 Y. Hara 4 Bioavailabilities of Tea Polyphenols in Humans and Rodents 25 J.D. Lambert, J. Hong, H. Lu, X. Meng, M.-J. Lee and C.S. Yang 5 Immunomodulatory Activity of Tea 34 J. Singh and G.N. Qazi 6 Antigenotoxic Activity of Tea 45 Y. Shukla and A. Arora 7 Methodological Issues in Population Studies of Tea and Disease Prevention 58 I.A. Hakim Part II: Protective Effects of Tea against Specific Ailments 8 Protective Effects of Tea against Cardiovascular Diseases 65 S. Wiseman, I. Zijp, R. Weggemans and A. Rietveld v vi Contents 9 Potential Targets of Tea Polyphenols in Cancer Prevention 76 T. Das, G. Sa and M. Siddiqi 10 The Tea Beverage in Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer 91 M. Saleem, I.A. Siddiqui and H. Mukhtar 11 Anti-diabetic Effects of Tea and its Constituents 102 Y.K. Gupta, C. Tripathi and Y. Shukla 12 Green Tea Catechins against Oxidative Stress of Renal Disease 109 T.P. Rao, L.R. Juneja and T. Yokozawa 13 Hepatoprotective Properties of Tea 120 Y. Shukla, N. Kalra and Y.K. Gupta 14 Preventive Effects of Tea against Obesity 131 K. Sayama, T. Hase, I. Tokimitsu and I. Oguni 15 Protective Effects of Tea against Lung/Pulmonary Ailments 149 H. Yamada 16 Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Tea – from Influenza to SARS 158 P.C. Leung 17 Green Tea and the Prevention of Arthritis 172 S. Ahmed, B.B. Hafeez and T.M. Haqqi 18 Chemoprevention Effect of Tea against Neuronal Death–Dementia 182 T. Kakuda 19 Chemoprevention Action of Tea against Senescence/Ageing 192 K. Unno 20 Tea and Oral Health 200 C.D. Wu Index 207 Contributors Ahmed, S. Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Arora, A. Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India Das, T. Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700 054, India Dhawan, B.N. 3 Rama Krishna Marg, Lucknow 226 007, India Gupta, Y.K. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India Hafeez, B.B. Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Hakim, I.A. Division of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N Campbell Ave., PO Box 245024, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA Haqqi, T.M. Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Biomedical Research Building, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4919, USA Hara, Y. Food Research Laboratories, Mitsui Norin Co. Ltd, 223-1, Miyabara, Fujieda City, 426-0133, Japan Hase, T. Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan Hong, J. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Juneja, L.R. Nutritional Foods Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd, Yokkaichi, Mie 510 0844, Japan Kakuda, T. Central Research Institute, Itoen Ltd, 21 Mekani, Sagara-cho, Haibara-gun, Shigwoka 421-0516, Japan Kalra, N. Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India Lambert, J.D. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Lee, M.-J. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA vii viii Contributors Leung, P.C. Institute of Chinese Medicine and Centre for Clinical Trials on Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Lu, H. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Meng, X. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Mukhtar, H. Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Oguni, I. School of Health Promotional Sciences, Hamamatsu University, 1230 Miyakoda, Hamamatsu City 431-2102, Japan Qazi, G.N. Division of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Canal Road Jammu-Tawi 180 001, India Rao, T.P. Nutritional Foods Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd, Yokkaichi, Mie 510 0844 Japan Rietveld, A. Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands Sa, G. Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700 054, India Saleem, M. Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Sayama, K. Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka City, 422-8529, Japan Shukla, Y. Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Siddiqi, M. Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700 054, India Singh, J. Division of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180 001, India. E-mail: [email protected] Theertham, P.R. Nutritional Foods Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd, Yokkaichi, Mie 510 0844, Japan Tokimitsu, I. Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan Tripathi, C. Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India Unno, K. Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan Weggemans, R. Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands Weisburger, J.H. Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation, 1 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. Current address: 4 White Wood Road, White Plains, NY 10603-1137, USA Wiseman, S. Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Wu, C.D. University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USA Yamada, H. Division of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan Yang, C.S. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. edu Yokozawa, T. Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama 930 0194, Japan Zijp, I. Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands Preface Protective Effects of Tea on Human Health The ancients have used tea for its health benefits for 5000 years. In China tea was known for its healing powers in 2737 BC. Tea has been likened to a group of medicaments in Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, known by the name ‘rasayanas’ that con- fer attainment of positive health, resistance to diseases and assured full lifespan of quality living, unlike drugs that cure after disease has struck. Recent clinical data have confirmed that tea has beneficial effects on the senescent brain and prolongs the human lifespan by preventing physiological ageing processes caused by oxidative stress. However, since its introduction in the Western world, tea has become known more as a beverage that relaxes the tired body and mind, brings cheer and is the centrepiece of social gatherings. With the advent of diseases related to modern living, the interest in the health benefits of tea amongst consumers and scientists alike is again increasing.
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