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Home , Bunchosia glandulifera, Malpighia, Malpighiaceae, Malpighia emarginata

410 MEMOIRSOF THE NBWYORK BOTANICALGARDEN IVOL.76o,

MALPIGHIACEAE ( Family)

William R. Anderson

Trees,, and lianas.Hairs unicellular.usually meditlxed or submedifixed(malpighiaceous trichomes). Stipules usually pr,_ scnt. usually opposite. ofien bearinglarge muJticellular glands on petiolcor bladeor both; bladessimple, usually cntirc. loberj rn ,Stigmophl'llon lilowers -l spp. subtl1,to strongly zygomorphic,bisexual: sepals 5. eglandularor. most often. the lateral 01,11 5 bearing(l)2 large multicellularabarial glands: 5. distinct.clarved. altcrnating with sepals,imbricate. the innermorr111u,, petalposterior and oftendrfferent tiom lateral4: stamensl0 (in ours).the anthcrsdehiscent by longrtudinalslits: gynoecir.rm .uperi,,,. (2)3 comprising frec to connatecarpels. each fertile locule containing 1 pendcntanatropous ovule, the stylesI percarpel. distinct 160p- natein somespecies of'Banclro.rru). drv or fleshy.dehiscent or indehiscent.samaroid, nutlikc, or drupaceous.Mature seerl\uith- out endosperm.

Anderson.W. R. 1981.. 1n B. Maguirc(ed.). The Botanyof theCuayana Highland - PartXI. Mem. New York Bot.finp6 32: 2l -105.

The following relerenceswere not consultcdin the preparationof this treatment.They are cited here at the requestof the cdiror tirrthe convenienceof thosewho needto know what else has beenpublished on the Malpighiaceaein the Guianas.

Gorts-vanRijn. A. R. A. & M. J. Jansen-Jacobs.1976. Malpighiaceae. 1n J. Lanjouw & A. L. Stoffers(eds.), Flora of SurinarneII(2rr 445-450.E. J. Brill. Leiden. Jonker,F. P 1966.Malpighiaceae. -In A. Pulle(ed.). Flora of SurinameII(l): 478-480.E. J. Brill. Leiden. Kostermans.A. J. G. H. 1936.Malpighiaceac. .ftr A. Pulle(ed.). FIora of SurinameII(1): 146-2213.J. H. De Bussv.Anisrerdant.

Successfuluse of the kevs kr gencraand speciesrequires an understandingof what I rneanby certainmorphologicel tcrns. The mosr importantof thesearc deflnedherel fbr more details.sec my treatmentof the Malpighiaceacof the VenezuelanGuayana (W R. .\ncierson. 2001). The ancestralinflorescence of the Malpighiaccaewas a racemeof cincinni. but in most generathe cincinni have been re.lucetlro one-floweredunits. Each flowcr is borne on a pedicet.whose base is definedbv a j oint; below thej oint the stalk is called thepr,r/rrrt L,. anrl the pedunclebears two brocteoles:the peduncleis subtendedby a singlebratt.'lhe pedunclehas been lost in severalevolutionlin liner.in uhich casethe pedrcelis describedas sessile.subtended then by a clusterofthe bract and two bracteoles.'fheflower's plane 01 \\ntnlerr\ is definedby tl'teonterior sepd and llTcposterior peIa1, which areofien differentfror.n the lateral sepcLlsand laterul petols.respectrrelr. Of the thrce styles,the anteriorlies on the plane of symmctry and is olten unique, while the posteriortwo lie to the right and leti r-ifthe planc of symmetry and are mirror imasesof eachother.

Treesor shrubs.Fruits fleshy.unwingcd, indehiscent. 2. bladeseglandular. terminal. Styles slendcr. subulate, the stigmasminute. Fruits containingl trilocularstone...... Btrsonima. 2. Leaf bladesbearing abaxial glands. Inflorcscences lateral, axillary. Styles stout,of unifolm thickness. the stigrnaslarge. Fruits containing2 or 3 pyrenes.distinct or r,rnitedin center. 3. Inllorescenceselongate pseudoracemes: bracteoles with one of eachpair bearing1 abaxialgland. Petalsyellow; + alike: styles2 (or 1 throughfusion of 2), the stigmasterminal. . . Brott'lut.sia. 3. Inflorescencesumbels of 2-4 : bracteolesboth eglandular.Petals pink or purplish;stamens heteromorphiclstyles3,thestigmasoninternalangleatapex...... ,\lcrlpithia, Lianas.Fruits dry, u'inged.breaking apart inro 3 samaras(or f'ewerif 1 or 2 carpelsabort). 4. Spccimenswith tlowers. 5. Leaf bladesmoderately to deeplycordate at base. 6. Stvlcsbearing at apexa largeroundcd dorsal appendage 1.5-2 mm lon-q.symmetrical on anterior style.unilateral onposteriorstyles...... Stig,rttttphtllort. 6. Stylesrounded or truncateat apex,or extendedat most into very short shalp dorsalhook. 7. Stipulesborne on stem betweenpetioles. caducous or eventuallydeciduous, leaving wide scar.Inflorescences bearing many conspicuous leaflike bracts 8-25 mm long. . , Ti,rrupter.'s 1. StipLrlesbome on petiolc.well abovebase. persistcnt. lnf'lorescences without leaflikebracts. . . . . Hiraett 5. I-eafblades cuneate to roundedor subcordateat base. 8. Bracteolesglobose-cymbilbrnr. enclosing bud until flowers open.borne just below ['1ower.the pediccl absentor to 2 mm long in . . . . ,lle-ttt 8. Bracteolesnot globoseor enclosingbud, separatedtrom f'lowerby well developedpedicel. 9. Petalspink or lilac in bud and during flowering. 10. Leafbladespersistently velutinous adaxially. Bracts and bracteoles6-9 rnrr.rlong. Sepals -5-8.5mm long. distallyinflated with aerenchyma.the latelal4 eachbearing I lar_ce abaxial gland. .lLrbelrnd' 2002) MALPIGHIACEAE (MALPIGHIA FAMILY) 411

10. Leaf bladesglabrate adaxially at maturity or with hairs persistenton midrib. Bracts and bracteoles0.5-2 mm long. Sepals1.8-5 mm long, not inflated,the lateral4 eachbearing 2 abaxialglands. 1 I . Ultimate branchcsof inflorcscenceumbels of 4-6 flowers; pedicclssessile or sub- scssile,raiscd at most on peduncles0.5 mrn long; bractsand bracteolesdeciduous. Styleswith tcrminal capitatestigmas. . . . 11. Ultimate branchcsof inflorescencepseudoracemes of 7-35 flowers; pedicelsraised on pedunclesl-3(5) mm long; bractsand bracteolespersistent. Styles stigmatic on the intcrnal angle,dorsally apiculateor short-hookedat apex. . 9. Petalsyellow, or yellow and red, or yellow in bud turning red or orangeduring tlowering. 12. Ultimate branchesof inf'lorescencebearing (2)440 flowers in pseudoracemes. 13. Petalsglabrous; styles with terminal stigmas Bcrrtisteriop.si.s . 13. Petals(at lcastthe lateral4) abaxiallysericeous; styles stigmatic on intemalangle. . . .Tbtraptems. 12. Ultimate branchesof inflorescencebearing zl-6(8) flowers in . 14. Stipulesborne on ,well abovebase. . . . . . 14. Stipulesbome on stembetween petioles, or absent. 15. Sepalsbecoming revolute at apex during flowering. . . . . . I 5. Sepalsappressed during flowering. . . . . Tetrrryterys. 4. Specimenswith ftuits. 16. San'rarawith dorsalwing dominant,the nut bearingon its sidesonly shortwinglcts or crestsor qr"ritesmooth. 17. Wing of samarawith abaxialedge thickened, the veins divergingand branchingfrom it toward thinneradaxialedgc...... Heteroptert'.s. 17. Wing of samarawith adaxialedge thickened, the veins divergingand branchingfrom it toward thinner abaxialedge. 18. Petioles2-5-95 mm long; bladesmoderately to deeplycordate atbase. Stylesstigmatic on intcrnalangle, each bearing at apexa largerounded dorsal appendage 1.5-2 mm long. symmetricalon anteriorstyle, unilateralon posteriorstyles...... . 18. Petioles3-15 mm long: bladescuneate to roundedor subcordateat base.Styles with terminal stigmasand without any sort of dorsal appendageat apcx. . Banisteriopsis. 16. Samarawith lateral wing(s) dominant,the dorsalwing smalleror reducedto winglet or crest.absent in a feu specier. 19. San.rarawith 4 discletelateral wings. 2 on each side. 20. Stipulesinterpetiolar or borne on petiolebetween base and middle, or absent. . . . 20. Stipulesbornc on petioleneeLr its apex. Hiroea. 19. Samarawith I continuouslateral wing, or 2, 1 on each side. 2 L Stipuleswell developed,bome on petiole well abovebase . Samarasbuttcrtly-shaped with 2 discretelateralwings...... Hiraea. 21. Stipulesvery small and interpetiolaror bome on very baseof petiole,or absent.Samaras with lateralwing continuousto nearly distinct at base. 22. Bracteolesglobose-cymbifbrm, enclosing bud until flowersopen, bome just below , the pediccl absentor to 2 mm long in fruit. . . 22. Bracteolesnot globoseor enclosingthe bud, separatedfrom flower by well developed Pedicel. 23. Leaf bladespersistently velutinous. Bracts and bracteoles6-9 mm long. Sepals 5-8.5 mm long, distally inflated with aerenchyma,the lateral4 eachbearing I large abaxialgland. Samaras55-80 x 35-60 mm. . . Jubelino. 23. Leaf bladesthinly sericcousto glabrateal matudty.Bracts and bracteoles0.5-1.3 mm long. Sepals1.8-2.5 mm long, not inflated,the lateral4 eachbearing 2 abaxialglands. Samarasto3Ommdiam...... Mascapnia.

BANISTERIOPSISC. B. Rob.

Lianas(our ),vines. shmbs. or rarell,small .Stipules small, distinct. interpctiolar.Inflorescences: usually absent orvervshort. but well dei,elopedin a telv species.Flowels: anteriorsepal eglandular. the lateral4 (in ours) biglandular;petals yellow, pink, 0rwhtte; anthersalike in some speciesbut morc commonly strongly dissimilar: styles3, the stigmasterminal, without dorsalextensions. 4t2 MEMOIRSOF THE Nt,W YORKBOTANICAL GARDEN [\'or_.76(2)

Fruits breakingapart into 3 samaras.samara with dorsalwing dominant,thickened on adaxial(upper) edge, the veinsterminating in thinner abaxialedge: much shorterwinglets or crestspresent on sidesof nut in some spectes.

Gares.B. 1982.Btnisteriolt.sis, Diplopterls (Malpighiaceae).Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 30l. l-237.

Larger leaf blades4.5-9 cni long. Branchesof inflorcscenceterminxting in umbels of ul-6 flowers' bracts andbracteolesdeciduous.Petalspink...... B stlnrunnioicles. Largcr leaf blades9.5-22 cm long. Branchesof intlorescenceterminating in pscudoracemesof i0-40 flolvers: bractsand bracteolespersistent. Petals yellow. 2. Leavcsbearing sevcral minute glands along margin of blade,plus I pair of largerglands at apexof petiole. Sepalsappressed during tlowering;lateral petals entire. denticulate, or dentate,posterior short- fimbriatc; anthersall with connectivenot glandular-swollen:styles + eqllal in length B. t,Lttd,u.kii 2. Leavcsusually bearing 2 largcglands atjuncture of bladeaild petioleand othcrwise eglandular. Sepals becomingrevolute during flowcringi petalsall fimbriate;anthers opposite 3 anteriorsepals with connecti\c glandular-swollen;anterior style much shorterthan 2 posteriors1yles.. . . .ll. tumlin.

Banisteriopsis carolina W. R. Anderson I I 24 mm long. sessileor subsessile,the peduncletr) 0 5 mm long. Flowers:sepals 3 -5mm long. appresseddrrring tloricrlng; Lianas.Leaves: longer petioles 9-15 mm long, eglandularor petalspink. glabrous.dentate to ilmbriate: anthersglabrous or ovate. biglandular at apex; Iargcr blades elliptic or slightly sparsely,pilose. the anterior5 with enlargedglandLtlar connec- 9.5 13.2x 5 7.3 crn. initially thinly sericeouson both srdes.at tives.those opposite anterior-lateral sepals with connecri\esmuch maturityglabrate adaxially and verv thinly sericeous(apparenlly exccedingloculest anterior stylc much thicker than po\r.rior l. rhe glabrate) pair glands at abaxialll',mostly bearing a of bulging stigmasc.rpitatc. Samaras with dorsalwing 27 30 x l1 l-l rnm. juncture base of lamina and petioleand otherwiseeglandular, the the nut tuberculateto aculeateon sides.Fl (Nov): in nonilooded obtuse to rounded. the apex abrLrptll short-acuminate.Intlo- moist forest. resccncea slcnderaxis l-5 J0 crn long. axillary-to a full-sized The Saiil collectionsof this specieshave the lelt hrirs more vegetativcleaf and bearingseveral pairs oi much reducctlleaves. appressedthan other populations. which all occuralons the Anta- each subtcnding I pseudoracemeof l5 i5 tlou'ers: bracts al'ld zon River in .Also. their petalsare more deepir rlitseclec long. bracteolcs0.7-I mm lon-1.persistent; pedrcels 6-7.-5 mnr and thc anthcr locules are sparscl_vpilose, llhcrciri ther arr- occasionallysessile but mostly faisedon a peduncle0.3-l mrn _elabrousin the Amazon.Perhaps eventuallv the FrenchCui.inrl long. lilowers: sepals 2 mm long, becorningrevolute during populationwill prove to be taxonomicaill'recognizrL'1c. bur lor glabrt,us. all flowering:petals bright !'ellorv. thc limb llmbriate now it rs bestleli in B..scltvttuutioldes.rvhich it rescnrblerrn rttr:t glandr-rlar'. proximall)',on zrroundmargin n,ith dirisions at least characters. posterior3 petals:trnthers glabrous. the -3opposite antefior sepals .,vithconnc-ctive glandular and much enlarged:antcrior st)'le ca. 2 mm long. bendingforward at baseand thenerect. the 2 posteritlr Banisteriopsis wurdackii B. Gates styles2.7 3 rnm long. lyrate.bending strongly backu'ard at base Lianas.Leaves: longcr petioles7 l2 mm long. biglandularat and then sigrroid-ascending.Fruits unknorvn.Fl ([eb): in non- apex:larger-blades ovate to broadlvelliptic. i0-22 r -i.-5-llcn. tloodcd rnoist forest. glabror-rsadaxialll. spnrsely sericeousabaxialll'. bearing minute glandson mar-Eins.tbe basecuneate to obtuscot' rarclr cordate.the apexshort- to long-acuminate.Intlorescences arillarl. panicuiate Banisteriopsis schwannioides (Griseb.) B. Gates llc. l'72 the ultrmatebranches pseudoracemes of l0-40 floriers: hractsand Lianas. Leaves: longer petioles 3 7 mm long, eglandulart bracteoles0.6 I mm lcng. persistcnt:pedicels 6 ll Irln long.sub' larger bladesovate or eJlipticto orbicular..{.5-9x 2.2-4.8 cm. sessrle.the pcduncle0.5-2 mm long. Irlowers:sepals l.l 1.6mnt tomentoseto glabratcadaxially. persistently scriceous abaxialll'. Iong. appressedcluring llowering; petals glabrou:. !ello\\. the bearinga parr of glandsabaxially' at basebeside midrib and otten lateral :l entire or denticulate.the posterior short-llnlbrirtervttn l-2 smallerpairs distally betweenmidrib and margin. the base basalllmbriae often glandular:irnthers glabrous. the conncctrlesncx broadly cuneateor truncateto subcordate.the apex acuminate glandular-swollenlstyles t equal. the stigmas trurtcrte.Sinlsfils a to apiculate.Inflorescences terminal or axillary.cymose, the ulii- with dorsalrving 24-38 x l0 15 mm: nut bearinsorl ..lchsrde l-t' rratebranches unrbcls of 4-6 flowers;bracts and bracteoles 1.2-2 singlc rving parallel to areole.'l-10 x 2-4 mm. rarelr thsc-nt mm long, deciduouscluring or soon after llowering: pedicels (Dec): in nonfloodedmoist forest.

BUNCHOSIAKunth

l-reesur shrubs.Stipules srnall. distrnct. bornc on baseof petiole.Lcaves: petiolcs eglandular: blades usually bearin,r slrnti. irlrlre\\eri llril\llrl in abaxialsurf-ace. Inflorcscenccs elongatc axiilar-v pseudoracemes: bracts eglanclularl bracteolcs r','ith I or both usuallybcer ln1: I I I ttl glancls.Flowers: petals glabroLrs. vellou: anthersr alike:carpels 2 (in our specics)or'3l stylesas manyas catpels,distinct or;urtialLl completelyconnate. stouf. rhe large terminal sti-qmassubpeltate or apparentlycaprtate. Fruits drupaceous,containing a\ rr.in\ f\rcne"r\ tiolll carpelsin colrmon ileshy exocarp.vcllou'. orangc. or red at maturity.the p)'reneselongatc. rountl or elliptic in transverscsectir'n. ilee eachother at maturity.with srnooth.brittle. cartilaginousrvall. MALPIGHIACEAE (MALPIGHIA alJ 2002) FAMILY) t t 3cm

5mm. ffiwr $an*teti ops14 s.hwann+oid-ez lpM

irc. 172.\4ALPIGHIACEAE. Bcllsreri opsis schxunnioitles (A F, Mori et ti. 2 1590: G, Duckt B Detail of base of leaf showing abaxial gland and hair. C. Detail of cymose irllorescence showJngore of the four florvers of the central untbel (in budl' the pedicels ol three of the four f'lowers in rhc rurbel on the leti, and only the stalk of the on the righti the bracts and bracteolesthat subtend the pedrcels rre dcciduousduring or soonalicr flowering.D. Apical viervof flower with postefor petaluppemost. E. Abaxial (left) andadaxial (righr) views of anthers. the middlet\ro lr(!n stamensopposite the anterior lateral sepals.the outer two from stamensopposite the anterior-lateralpetals. F. Lateral lless oi g) noecium:note that the mteior style is nruchthicker than the two posteriorstylcs. G. Samarawith luge dorsalwing and outsrowthson sideof nut.

Leafbladesnearly or quite glabrateat maturity,plane or slightly revoluteat margin. Pseudoracemcsusually bearing20-40 or more flowers, 1 per bract. Style(s)glabrous, ca. 1.-5mm long. Dried fruits to l6 mm long. 16mm diam.. the apexrouncled, the wall -rranulate. . . . . B. clectLssi.fTora. Leafblades thinly but persistentlyscriceous abaxially, undulatc and crispatcat margin.Pseudoracemes bearing l0-20 flowcrs,sometimcs 2 (1 abovethe other)in axil of I bract.Style sericeous, ca. 3-3.5 mm long.Driecl fruits20-28 mm long, 15-20 mm diam.. the apex beaked.the wall smooth...... B. glandttLif'eru. rl GARDEN l4 MEMOIRSOF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAI, fvol. Joor

Bunchosia decussifloraW. R. Anderson Flc. 173 glandulifera (Jacq.) Kunth

Shrubsor trees.3 l2(25) m tall. Leaves:longer petioles 6-15 Shrubsor small trees,2-6(8) m tall. I_eavcs:16nger perioles6--g mm long:Iarger blades elliptic or slightlyovate or obovatc.13-23 mm long; largerblades elliptic or ovate.I 1-18 r 5.5_10121 crn, x.1.-5 8.5 cm, nearly or quite glabrateat maturity. the base thinly but persistently sericeous abaxially, the base cunrare t0 roundedand olien slightly attenuate,the apex iong_acuminare. cuneate,the apex acuminate,the marginsplane or slightly rcvo- rl^ more mrrginsrrndulale rnd crispate.-lnflorescences-l I | lute.Inflorescences usually 7-15 cm long.bearing 20'40 or . r.rtung. bra.. (l flowers. I per bract. Flowers: ovary bicarpellate,sericeous, the ing l0-20 tlowers,sometimes 2 abuvcthe otherrin ,rril oisame style usually I (fbrmcd tiom 2 cornpletelyconnate) or occasion- bract. Flowers: ovary bicarpellate.sericcous. the sttle I (fonned (ca. completelyconnate styles). 3-3.5 mm ally 2 l/2-connate).1.5 n.rmlong, glabrous.Fruits 9 16 x from 2 long. :criceou:.Frrrits (dried), 9 l6 mm (dried).orange to red.the apexrounded. the wall gran- 20-28 x l5-20 mm orangeto red. thc apex rvithel ulate.Fl (Jan.Jul): in tbrcst. beak, thc wall smooth. Cultrvatedfor the large .,libl. fi;i:rl ;:: nativeor naturalizedin our area.

BYRSONIMA Kunth

Treesor shrubs.Leaves. bracts. and bracteoleseglandular. Stipules intra- and epipetiolar.distinct or partiall)'10 corrplctel) connate. (i.e., Infloresccncesterminal. racemesof f'ew-floweredcincinni or pseudoracenies raceme o1 l-flowered cincrnni). Flouers: sepalsall eglandularor all biglandular:pctals ycllow. white. pink. or red; anthers+ alike; styles3, slenderand subulate.the stigma\ nrinLrreund rpical or slightly internal.Fruits drupes.the thin flesh turning yellow, orange,red, purple, blue. or blue-blackat maturitv.th.' .ing1c\ronr \\rrh hard wall. trilocular.

l. Stipulcsdistinct, 1.5-3 mm long. bracts 0.8-1.5 mm long. Petalswhite turnin,epink or red: anthersglabrous; ovary glabrous.Fruits 5-8 mm diam. (dried), glabrous. . . . , . , B. densa l. Stipulescompletely connate. at least2.5 mm long. Inflorescencebracts 3.5 10 mm long. Petalsvcllorl: antherssericeous, ovarJ sericeousor short-vclutinous.Fruits l0-18 mm diam. (dried),sericeous or tomentose to glabrate. 2. Stipules2.5-,1.5 mm 1ong.persistent on baseof petiole.Leaf bladessericeous to glabrateabaxiallv. thc hairsall sessile.straight, appressed, 2-branched. B. oerugo 2. Stipules(8)12-25mmlong.deciduousbefbreleaves.Leafbladesvelutinousabaxially,somehairsstalked and stellate(i.e., with more than 2 branches) R. stipulacea

Byrsonima aerugo Sagot Frc. 174,PL. 80b petioles7-12 mm long, sericeousto glabrate:larger blades elliptic or obovate,9-12(13.5) x 3.8 5(7) cm. initialll sericeousbut soon (.1) .1-5 Trees. 15 m tall. Stcmstightly sericeous.Stipules 2.5-4.5 nearlyor quite glabrate,the basecuneate. the ape\ obtu\e.acute. 0r nrm lon-e.completely connate.persistent. Leaves: longer petioles abruptly short-acuminate.Inl'lorescences: bracts 0.8-1.5 mm longl (15)20.+0 mm long: larger leaf bladeselliptic or slightly obovate, bracteoles0.5-l mm long. Flowers: petals uhite tLrrningpink or I l-22(25) x 1-9(11) cm, densel,vferuginous-sericeous abaxially, red; anthers0.9-1.2 mm long. glabrous.the connectivee\ceedrng the hairs sometimespatchily dcciduousand blade eventuallynearly locules by 0.2-0.5 mml ovary glabrous. Fruits 5 8 mm diam' glabrate.the hairsscssile. straight, appressed. the basecuneate or at- (dried). greencontrasting with subtendingred sepals.glahrous' Fl tenate.the apex acute or usually acuminate.Inflorescences: bracts (May), fr (Nov); in nonfloodedmoist forest. 3.5 5 rrm long:bracteoles 0.6 1.5mm long.Flowers: petals yellowi anthcrs2 3 rnm long. sericeous,especialiy between loculcs, the con- ncctiveequalling locules or extendedbeyond them to 0.6 mm; ovary Byrsonima stipulacea A. Juss. H ' 80c denselv sericeous.I.'ruits l0-13 rnm diarn. (dried). sericeousto glabrate.yellorv. Fl (May). fr (Jun): in nonfloodedmoist forest. Tlees.8-25 m tall. Stemsvelutinous. Stipules l8)11-i-5 mm Tlris speciesis very closelo Blrsotlinlacrisptt A. Juss.,rvhich is long, amplexicaulous.completely connate. each paii dectduous not known frorn the Guianas but extends from eastern Brazil independentlyof and otien well beforelearf. Lear'.-s: loncer penoles throughrnuch of Amazonia.The only reai dif'terencebetween thcm 12'27mm long.velutinous: larger leaf bladcs elliptic ot thorubic' $lm is that the leavesof B. crispa are ncver densely sericeousas in 12-27 x 6-13 cm, velutinous(to glabrescentada\i'rlhl and B. aerugo: thel' have sirnilar hairs.but the-vare very sparse.hardly mixture of long. basilixed simple hair:s.stalkecl stellete hairs visiblc n,ithouta lens.When thc lcavesof B. uerugo areglabrescent, sessilestellate hairs. the base cuneirte.the apex actLteLrr obtuse' mm asthey tend to be in thc populationsin our area.the simrlarityofthe sometimesacuminate or rounded.Inflorescences: blacts 6-1{l enthers tn'o speciesrs inescapable.Rtrsortinttr cri.rpa rs much the older of long: bracteoles2.5-5 mm long. Flowcrs: pe{al: \ello\: the tuo namcs. 2.2_!'.2mm long. looselysericeous on both sides.th' conlrectlve shon- usuallyexceeding locules by 0.4-l.l mnl: o\lr\ denselr dirm' velutinouswith overlal' of appresseclhairs Fniit: l l- l S rnn Byrsonima densa (Poir.) DC. Aug):rn (dried). tomcntose to glabrate,orange-yelJou. Fi iD'c 'frces. 5 30(,10)m tall. Stemsglirbrous except hirsute in axils of nonfloodedmoist fbrest. stipules.Stipules 1 .5-3 mm long.distinct. persistent. L,eaves: longer MALPIGHIACEAE (MALPIGHIA FAMILY ) 415 20021

Bwr'rc.ho>ta, l J.ecwssLff.ora- I l 5mm.

A

TI I 3 cm.

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flc l 73. \lALPtGtllACEAE. l)LutL:hosiutlecussilloro t A 1,. Crene rs 7560 from N{ana Riyer, French Guiana: F. Sihti & Brazdo 60761 fiom Brazil: G. Cruners 65-lI fron benveenSomner Tabulrire rn.l Mrrsif de, Lmerillons. FrenchGuiana). A. Paft of stemwith leavcsand inllorescencesand detail of abax- talleafba* shouing glantls.B. Pxn ot decu\sdtepscud,rrreeme q rrh flouer buds.C, Oblique'lateralvieu of flower with postcriorpetal to left and also shoun dqxrall) ubo\e lefr;une posrerior-ldteralpetal has beenremovecl: note glandon one bracteole.D, Adaxial vieu of openeciandroecium (right) and abaxialvier urpan of rndroeciums irh rhrcc ,t3nens (lefr). E. tsicarpellategynoccium. the t$o styleshalf-connate. F, Fruiting pseudoracemes.G. Ilansversesection of trurt' shoning[rro llrge :eeds.erch cnclosedin a thin. cartilaginousendocarp. the two py'renesbome in thin common flesh. g, .+l6 MEMOIRSOF THE NEW YORK BOTANICALGARDEN IVOL.7611,

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L? $ i,,,+ ]," ].-"' l::r \ i:';l WW.H- , FIG. 17.+.I\,IALPICHIACEAE. Bt rsoninttttLerugo shouing petiole barsesand connateintrapetiolar stipulcs. C. Flower bud q'ith sessilepecliccl subtended by t$'o sltoft bractcolcs note oil glandson calvx. D' Lateral (l.ft) anclapical (right) \'iews of fou,ers. It. Adaxial (lefr) and lateral(right) r'iews ol stanens. intiuctescence(righ| \ith onc fruit removetl(near left). bt' tleshy mesocarp:cletail of serlceousapex of fruit (above.iar rightl. MALPIGHIACEAB (MALPIGHIA FAMIIJ) 111 20021 HETEROPTERYSKunth

vines.shrubs, or small trees.Stipules very small,distinct, triangular, borne on or besidebase ofpetiole, or absent. Lianas(our species). thesesingle or groupedin axillary or terminal racemes ,."les usuallybeanng glands. Inflorescences umbels, corymbs, or pseudoracemes, + internal stigma and dorsally i-''^""'.f.r. FI6wers: petals ntostly yellow or pink: anthers alike; styles 3, the aper with large, usually break-rngapart into 3 samaras.the samarawith dorsal wing dominant,thickened on abaxial ),i,,""J.a,oun.ot". aeute,or hookeci.Fruits irntlusullly bent upward,the veinsterminating in thinneradaxial edge; much shorterwinglets or crestspresent on sidesof nut lrr.rl .Or. in somespecles

of 4 oliganthaW R Anderson shorterthan subtendingleaf. with branchesterminating in umbels fleteropterys by an additional pair of 11owers. Ftc. 175: Penr l: Flc. 6 as H. siderosa flowers sometimes subtended Flowers: sepalsbecoming revolute at apexduring tlowering, all eglan- petioles4-10 dular or the anterior eglandular and the lateral 4 biglandular; pctals Lianas.Stipules appa-rently absent. Leaves: longer elliptic, 8 16.5 x 3-7 5 cm, bearing abaxially sericeouson claw, yellow. Samarasfalcate, the nut nearly nur long: luger leaf blades glands scatteredon proximal hall'between middb horizontal and the wing strongly ascending:nut of samaracylindrical severalabaxial to rounded. thc apex abruptly shott- but laterally compressed,5-8 mm long, smooth-sided:wing of samara rnd margin. the basc cuneate panicles3-5(10) cm long' always 40-50 x 13-17 mm. Fl (Feb).fi (Apr); in moist forest. acuminate.lnflotescences axillary

HIRAEA Jacq.

usuallybear- Lianas,occasionally shrubby. Stipules borne on petiole,most often at or abovemiddle, usually long and subulate. Leaves or manyflowers: pedicels sessile. ingglands: tertiary veins often strongly parallcl. Inflorescences axillary, usually 1 severalumbels of,1 markings(alnrost completely Rii.rr, ,epal,all eglandularor anterioreglandular and latcral 4 biglandularipetals yellow or yellowwith red to prominentlyhooked. redduring ilorering in H. morii);anthers t alike;styles 3, theapex u'ith large internal stigma and dorsally rounded thedorsal Fruitsbreaking apart into 3 samaras.the samara with largestwings lateral, usually with 2 discretewings, thcn butterfly-shaped. lvingsmall. sometimes reduccd to a crestor lost.intermediate winglets or slenderprojections rarely present.

l. petioles20-zl0 mm longl blaclesdensely and persistentlyvelutinous abaxially, the hairsY- or T-shaped.. . . . H. grcLcieantt. L petioles4-15 mm long; bladessericeous ro glabrateabaxiaily at maturity,the hairs (ifpresent)scssile, straight, appressed. 2. Stipules1-2 mm long. Leaf blademargins eglandular. Inflorescences 1-7 unbranchcd,4-flowered umbels arrangedvertically. Posteriorpetal eglandular.Samaras with dorsal wing absentor representedby rounded crest0.2(0.5) mm high. " " ' H' affinis' 2. Stipules2.5-5.5 mm long. Leal'blademargins eglandular or, usually,bearing small glandsdistally. Intlorescencesl-2 mostly ternatecymes of 4-floweredumbels,sometimes only I of 3 umbelsof cyme developing.Posterior petal glandular-dentateor glandular-fimbriate.Samaras with dorsalwing small hut present,at least 1.5mm high (samaranot yet known for H morii) 3. Largerleaf blades8-16 x 3-7 cm; secondaryveins connected by cross-veins1-1.5 mm apart.Pedicels 9-lzl mm long. Petalsyellow, sometimesturning reddishin age H. fagifolia. 3. Largerleaf bladesl6-19 x 7.5-11 cm; secondaryveins connected by cross-r'eins2-4 mm apart. pedicels15_17 mm long.Petals red...... H. morii.

Iliraea affinis Miq. Panr 1: Ftc. 6 Hiraea fagifolia (DC.) A. Juss. Pr. 80d

Stemssericcous to glabrate,Stipules l-2 mm long. Leaves: Stems sericeousto glabrate.Stipules 2.5-5 mm long. Leaves: . tongerpetioles 4-11 mm long; larger blades elliptic or obovate, longerpctioles (4)6-10( I 5) mm long; largerblades ellipttc or some- l1-23 x (,1)5-12cm, apparentlyglabrous (actually otien spzrrsely what ovate or obovate, 8 16 x 3 7 cm, soon glabrateexccpt for sericeousabaxially with tiny straightwhite appressedhairs). eglan- sericeousabaxial midrib, eglandularon margins or bearing few oularon margins.the base roundcd or cordate,thc apex obtuse, small buttonlike glands distally, thc base cuneateto rounded' the acub,or short-acuminate:secondary veins connectedby parallel apex mostly acuminate(occasionally acute or obtuse):secondnry cross-veinsmostlv 2-5 mm apart.Infloresccncos 1 7 unbranched, veinsconnected by parallelcross-veins 0.5 L5 mm apart lnflores- 4--flouereLl umbels arrrnged in vertical row in axil pedicels cencesmostly cymes of 3 .l-floweredumbels, sometimes only I of {9)l1-18 mm long.sericeous. Flowcrs: petals light yellow.all eg- 3 umbelsdeveloping, sometimes 2 cymespresent. one borne above landulari stylcswith roundccldorsal hook at apex.Samaras with lat- the other. loosely sericeous:pedicels 9-14 mm long, sericeous. eral wings40-56 x 22-30 mm. the clorsalwing abscnt or repre- Flowers:petals yellow. sometimesturning reddishin age.the lateral sented by a rounded crest 0.2(0.5) mm hrgh. Fr (May): in '1eglandular, the posteriorglandular-dentate or glandular-fimbriate; nonflooded moist fbrest. styles with short acute or obtuse dorsal hook at apex. Samaras mostlv butterflv-shaped.with unlobed membranouslateral wings

i!. 418 MEMOIRS OF THE NEWYORK BOTANICAL GARDEN I\'Ot r..^

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FIc lT-5 MALPIGHIACFIAE. Hetercpterys oligatttlur (A, Ottleman 2031: B E. Mori & Pipot1 15519).A. Lateral view of floq,er bud rvirh sepalscompleteli' concealingpetals. B. Part of stemwith leavcsand infructcscencesand detail of abaxialleaf surfaceshorving dark borderedgiands. C. t,rnbel of fourpeduncles subtended bv reflexcdbracts. cach pcdunclebearing at its apex two long. narow, erector spreaciingbracteoles with dctail of malpighiaceoushairs. D. Lrterrl |ic* of old florver with revolutc sepals.four of the five sepalsabaxially biglandular. E. Fruit comprising two sanras; the third carpel has aboncd.

20-32 x 15-16 mm and dorsalwing 2-5 x 1.5-2 mm, but some- Leaves: longer petioles 20-40 mm long; larger bladcsbroadll times lateral wings coriaceousand irrcgularly lobed or reducecl.Fl ellipticor obovatc.l9-34 x 11..5-18cm. bcaringsmall butronlike (Feb. Apr). fi (Apr)l in moisr tbresr. gtandsdistally on margins.the basebroadly cuneate or round.d.the apex obtuse or rounded and abruptiy short-acumineteand otten l-6 Hiraca gracieana W. R. Anderson F'rc.176 aprculatelsecondary u.in, .onn..r.i b1 perallel cro':-rc'jns mm apart. Inflorescences compact cymes of 3 7 J florieleu Stems. lear,es(at ieast abaxialJl,).and inflorescencespcrsls- umbels.occasionally 2 cymcs. one bornc abovc the otl'rer:pedlcels tently vclutinous,the hatrsY- or ]'-shapecl.Stipules 3-5 mm long. 16-25 mm long. persistently vclutinous. Florvers: petalsbngft )0021 MALPIGHIACEAE (MALPIGHIA FAMILY)

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flc. 176.N{ALPIGHIACEAI. Hiroea gr4cieanrL(Mori et u[. 22751).A,. Apex of stem with leales. inflorescences.and details (left) of gland beating leai mil8in l nghr and abrrirl leat surfrcewith stalkedmalpighiaceous hairs (left). B. Detail of apexof pctiole with adaxialstipules and rbaxial giands.C' Pan of Intl0rrscence .hou i ng onc tour-fl{)\\ered umbel (trvo tlowers removcd),each pedicel subtended by two bracteolesand one bract.D. Lateral view of flower. the postenor petaluppernosr r ahor c t rnd arlaxialvicrv of posteriorpetal (bebw). E, Lateralview of florverwith perianthremoved; note connatebases of filaments r'Adaxial \ieu ot pf,r1of androcriunr.G. Latcral vieu ol gynoecium.the anteriorstylc to the right and detail of apex of anteriorstyle. H. Abaxial vierv of saoara (Reprintedflom \\'. R. Anderson.Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 46(2). 1994.) 420 MIIMOIRS OI- THE NEW YORK BOTAN]CAL GARDEN 1VOL.7611,

yellow, the lateral 4 eglandular.rhe posterior glandular-dentate; short-cylindricalglands distally on margins.the basc rounded. the styles with a very short dorsal point at apex.Samaras with lateral apex short-acuminateto rounded; secondaryveins connecred bv wings 25-38 x20 25 mm. the dorsalwing 3 -5x 1-1.5 mm. Fl parallelcross-veins 2-4 mm apart.Inflorescences singleclrnes ni r (Nov); (Nov). fr in nonfloodcdmoist fbrest. shortstalked, 4,flowered, side-by-sideumbels with cor.nmo t complctelysuppressed, sericeous ro subvelutinous,o.ut..hi;:ll mln long, thinly sericeous,the hairs fusifor-m, Hiraea morii W. R. Anderson short-stalked.ca . s mm long. Flowers:petals yellow in bud, red during flou,erin!irt Stems and leaf blades loosely sericeousto glabrate.Stipules lateral 4 eglandular,the posterior glandular-dentate: " stylesuith 2.5 -5.5mm long. Leaves:longcr petioles8-15 mm long: larger short acutedorsal projection at apex. Samarasunknoun. Fl 1,qp11. bladesobovate, 16 l9 x 7.5 11 cm, bearingsmall buttonlikeor in secondarvvesetation.

JUBELINAA. Juss.

Lianas. Stipules small. triangular.borne on base of petiole. Leaves: petioles eglandular:bladcs usually bearing abaxial inpressed glands;tertiary veins strongly parallel. Inflorescences clecompound, the flowers ultimately borne in umbels of4 or corymbsul O,Urr.r, uni bracteolcslarge, pubescent on both sides.Flowers: calyx with anteriorsepal eglandular and I largegland on eachof.l lnt.rrt ,.p.tr, p.trti pink or yellow: styles3, thc apexwith largestigma on internalangle. dorsally truncateor short-hooked.Fruits breakinginto .t sn.r.ur. *. samarawith large lateralu'ings dominant.distinct at apex.confluent to nearlydistinct at base.and smallersemicircular central aur,,ut o.ine.

Anderson,W. R. 1990.The taxonomyof Jubelinct(Malpighiaceae). Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17z 21-37.

Jubelina rosea (Miq.) Nied. FrG.17'/,Pl. 8la mm long; peduncles l-3 mm long: pedicels 6-ll mm lone. Flowers:sepals pink. 5-8.5 mm long. reflexed.distalll irtlateJuirh Stems.leaves, and inflorescencevelutinous, the hairsY-shaped. aerenchyma;petals pink. the lateral 4 mostly abaxialll sericeous. Leaves: longer pctioles 7-21 mm long: larger blades obovate to thc posteriorglabrous. Samaras roughly eltiptic in outline.55_g0 x broadly elliptic to rotund. l0-20 x 5-13 cm. bearingseveral glands 35-60 mm, with corrugatedand deeply lobed wing beni,cenlarge abaxially in a row, the basecunoate or truncate,the apexrounded or membranousouter lateralwing and centraldorsai u rng.Fl (Sep): in short-acuminate.lnflorescences: bracts and bracteolespink, 6-9 nonflooded moist fbrest.

MALPIGHIA L.

Shrubsor small trees.Stipulcs small, borne on stembetween petioles. Leaves: petioles eglandular; blades usually bearing iL I01glal3s abaxially.Inllorescences axillary corynrbsor umbels; bractsand bracteoleseglandular; pedicels pedunculate. Flowers: petal: prnk.pale purple,or white: stamens10, glabrous;ovary with 3 carpelsusually completely connate, the 3 loculesall fertile.the styles-j. rheaper uirh large intemal or subterminalstigma. dorsally rounded,truncate, or hooked.Fruit fleshy drupes(or berries).red or orange.nith 3 pl,renes united in centeror free at maturity but then usuallyretained in common fleshy exocarp,the hard wall ofeach pyreneshowing rudimentarr dorsaland lateral wings and sometimesrudimentary intermediate winglets or dissectedoutgrowths.

Malpighia emarginata DC. emargrnateand apiculate.Inflorescences umbels. sessiie or raised on a stalk 1 3(5) mm long and containing2 .:l tlori,ers.Flou'ers: Shrubs or small trces, 2-6 m tall. much branched with stifl calyx bearing 6 10 glands; petals pink or purylish. the lateral.l branchlets.Leaves sometimescrowded in dense shoots with very with narrow abaxial keel; stamensheteromolphic. rhose opposite short internodes.the same also bearing stems with well posterior-lateralpetals with thicker filaments and largeranthen developcd internodes: Iongcr petioles (l)2-4 mm long; larger than others;styles dorsally truncateor apiculateat ape\. Fluitst0 bladesovate, elliptic. or obovate.2.5-10 x 1..{,5 cm, bearing2(4) 1l x22 mn. red. Cultivatedtbr thc edible fruit rich rn ritarniriC: glandsabaxially. sparsely sericeous or glabrzrte,the basecuneate or not native or naturalizedin our area.Acerola (origin unknown). roundcd. the apex most often rounded or obtuse. but sometimes Barbadoscftern (English).cerise de CcLyenne(Cr6olct.

MASCAGNIA (DC.) Colla

Vines. mostly lianas.Stipules small. free, triangular.borne betweenpetioles or on base of petiole. Leavesusualll. bcaringglends' Inflorescencesmostly axillary or terminalpseudoracemes. sometimes congested and reducedto tbrm corymbsor umbels.single or grouped in panicles;florifcrous peduncleusually well developed.Flowers: petals yellow or yellow and orange.pink. lilac, or white: strunens10. the antherst alike: ovary with 3 carpelsconnate along central axis, all fertile,the styles3, the apcx with largeinternal stigma, dorsalll roundeo' truncate.acutc. or shorGhooked.Fruits breakinginto 3 samiras.the samarawith its largestwings lateral,a singlewing conrinuousat bese or at both baseand apex.or 2 discretewings. the dorsalwing small. sometimesreduccd to a crcst or lost. MALPIGHIACEAE (MALPIGHIA FAMILY) 421 )0021 iff tt-''frj,U 1'-

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i10 17?.MALPIGHIACEAE. JubeLinaroses (A D. Mori et at.20929.E,F. Mori & Bolten 855-1from surinam; G. Mori & Bolten 8-199from Surinarn). A'APex of stemwith leavesand inl'loresccnce.B. Detail of abaxial leaf surfaceshowing gland and stalked,bifurcate hair. C. Flower bud showing spatulate bracteoles and sepals.each lateralsepal bcaring one largeabaxial gland. D. Oblique-apicaiview of llowcr. the posteriorpetal uppermost.E. Adaxial vicw of P! of theandroecium, the cenrralstamen opposire one of the posteriorlrteral petals.F. Lateral view of gynoeciumwith anteriorstyle in ccntcr.G. Abaxiai YIew of samara(above) and medial sectionof samara(below). MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BO]ANICAL GARDEN 1VOL.76r)\

Mascagnia divaricata (Kunth) Nied. FIC;. 178, Pr-. 8lb pedicels5 10(12)mm krng, raisedon pedunclesl-3(5) rnr Flowers:sepals 1.8-2.5 mm long, the anterioreglanclular. ,^.",1ili; Lianas.Lcaves: longer petioles 10-19(24) mm long; lzLrgerblades ,l biglandular;petals lilac or pinkishlilac, sometimgs$'ith yellowa.g, naruowlyto broadlyovate. 6-13 x 3.5 6.5(8)cm. thinly sericeousto at baseof limb; antherspilose, the colnectivenot exceedinglqculesi glabrateat maturity.the basebroadly cuneateto rounded.the apex stylesdorsally apiculate or shor-t-hookedu1 npex. Samaras subcircu- gradually to abruptly acuminate.Inilorescences paniculate, veluti- lar, (18)2G-30x (1u)20-28 mm, the lateralwing continuousar base to nous.the hairs shon and gray.the ultimatebranches pseudoracemes and divided halfway to nut at apex,the dorsalwing f6 x l.SJ r of 7-35 i'lowers;br:rcts and bracteolcs0.5-1.3 nm long, persistenti mm. Fl (Mar, May), lr (Sep);in nonfloodedmoist fbresr.

MEZIA Nied.

Lianas.shrubs. or small trees.Stipules minute. interpetiolar,caducous, or absent.Leaves: petioles eglandular: blades usurlll'bcar;no abaxial impresscdglands. Inflorescences axillary anclterminal, otlen decompound,the flowcrs ultimately borne in umbels of,l: bracti globose-cymbiform. snaller than bracteoles:peduncle well developed;bracteoles bornejust below flower, large,the inncr encL,,,,ngbuJ until ilowers open,the outcr cnclosingbud and inner bracteole;pedicel absent or very short.to 2 mm long in liuit. Flowers:sepals narrou.li oblong or spatulatc.the anterioreglanduiar. the lateral4 eachbearing 2 large compressedglands, these distinct or partiall) to cornpletel connate;petals yellow or the posteriorpctal yellow and red, stamens10, dimoryhic, the 5 oppositesepals dill'ering lronr 5 ,'pposrreperal. in size and shape,and sometimesin pubescence;styles 3. the apex with large internal stigma,dorsally truncateor short hookedor pedali_ fonn. Fruits breakinginto 3 samaras,each bearing 2 large lateralwings, the wings distinct or more often confluentat basc.a smallerdor sal wing, and often additionalwings, winglets.or crestsbetween them or outsidelateral wings.

Petalsabaxially loosely whitc-tomentose in center,the posteriorpetal without marginalglands; filaments tomentose,connate only at base:anthers tomentose at base.Samaras with singleflat winglet betweenlateral and dorsal wings and a flat crestor winglet on nut outsidelateral wing. lI. artgelica Lateralpetals abaxially brown-sericeous in center,the posteriorpetal glabrous,glandular-frmbriate; lllaments glabrous,connate for 112-213of length;anthers glabrous. Samaras with spacebetween lateral and dorsaluings lilled by complex of inegular. rulfled, interconnectedcrests and winglets.the nut without crestor winglet outsidelatcral wing. . M. tnchLdens

Nlezia angelica W. R. Anderson Flc. 179,Pr-.81c Mezia includens (Benth.) Cuatrec.

l-ianas.Leaves: longer petioles 15 30 mm long; larger blades Lianas. Leaves:longer petioles 14 27 mm long: Iargerblades elliptic or somewhatovate or obovate, 12-20(24) x 4.-5-7.6(9.8) elliptic,sometimes slightly ovate or obovate.l3 20 x 6-10.5cm. cm. scriceousto glabrate,the base cuneateto truncate,the apex sericeous to glabratc, the base cuneate to rounded or slightlr abruptly short-acuninate.Int'lorescences: bracts 3.5-6.5 mm long; attenuate, the apex abruptly short-acuminate. lntlorescences: bracleoles5-7(8) mm long, the apex emarginateor bifid. Flowers: bracts 3-4(5) mm long; bracteoles6.5-12 rnm long. the .rper sepalswith glands nearly or complctely connateipetals abaxially entire.Flowers: sepalswith glandscompressed but distinct:lateral looscly white-tomentosein center,the posteriorpetal distally yel- petals abaxially brown-sericeousin center. the posteriorpelal low. proximally rcd and dcntatcor short-flmbriate,eglandular: fil- ycllow with red veins in center,glabrous. glandular-frmbriate all amentstomentose, especially distally. connate only tbr basal0.5 I around margin: filaments glabrous. l/2 2/3 connate.the anthcrs mm. the antherstomentose at basetstyles pedaliform at apex (i.e., glabrous; styles acute or truncate at apex. Sanaras subcircular' with a short. broad abaxial extension rcscmbhng from above the 70-100 x 50-90 mm, the lateral wing 30 45 mm rvide.continu- solc of a shoe). Samarasoblate, 55-80 x 4-5-60 mm, the lateral ous at base, incised to nut at apex, the central dorsal wing 7-10 wing 25 3.1mm wide. continuousat base.incised to nut at apex, nm wide, the space between lateral and dorsal uings filled b} the centraldorsal wing 7 l4 mm wide, with I flat winglet 3-7 mm complex of irregular, ruffled, interconnectedcrests and u'ingLetq: wide presenton eachside ofand parallelto centraldorsal wing; nut nut withoutcrcst or wingletoutside lateral wing. Fr (Aug):tn non- bcaring on each sidc a flat crest or winglet 1-9(15) mm wide, out- flooded moist forest. side of and parallelto lateralwing. Fl (Sep),fr (Sep);in non- flooded moist lbrest.

STIGMAPHYLLONA. Juss. .rr Vincs. Stipulesinterpetiolar, disrinct. inconspicuous.Leaves: petioles usually long. bearing 2 large glands at ape\: blJJe\ crllirc the lobcd. Int'iorescencesclichasia of congestedpseudoracemes. these usually corymboseor umbellate.Flowers: anterior sepal eglantlulil lateral.l biglandulan petals yellow or yellow and recl;anthers 10, very unequal;styles 3, thc apex stigmaticon internll lrtgle.d'rt'rtlt frult; truncate,hooked. or (most oticn; bearing a foliaceousappendage, symmetrical on anterior style. unilateral on poster()r strl$ breakinginto 3 samaras.the samarawith dorsalwing dominant,thickened on adaxial(upper) edge, the veinsterminating irl thinncrJba\ru edge.with much shorterwinglets or crestspresent on sidesof nut in some species.

Anderson.C. 1997.Monograph ol Stigtnaphy,llon(Malpighiaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr.51: 1-313. MALPIGHIACEAE (MALPIGHIA FAMILY) /12 200?)

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M*sa/5CAtln4a' dd,t'J*ka+a.- flc l78 \4ALPIGHIACEAL.Mascaqniud[tnricata(AH.Morietat.22205,l.iVecJ8580fromBolivia).A.Partof stemwithleavesandinflorescences. B' Lager lcaYesancl detail of abaxial .urfece u ith glend. C. Node showing small tnangultr, interpetiolarstipules. D, Distal poilion ol pseudoracemewith flower, buds.ancl old llower !1. Lateralview of flower bud showing bract on inflorcsccnceaxis. peduncle bearing bracteole near middle. pedicelbcyond joint, and detailof hair. F. Apical vicw ol flower. the postcrior pctal uppermost. G. Adaxial (far left and third liom left) and lateral (seconcland fourth from left) views 0l stamens.H. Lateralview of gynoeciumwith anteriorstyle in center(left) and detail ol one style apex (above).I. Completefruit with abaxialview ol one samara(above) and atlaxialview of one sepilated samara(right). (Reprintedfrom W. R. Anderson.Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 21. 1997.t

Stigmaphvllon sinuatum(DC.) A. Juss appresscd.the basemoderately to deeply cordate.the apex mostly ' Frc.180, PL.81f; Panr 1: Ftcs.4.6, Pl. Xb obtuse to rounded.Flowers: styles all with large. rounded,hori- zontal or pendentfolioles 1.5-2 mm long. Samaras34_ll5 x 12-17 Vines. , Leares: longel petioles 25 95 mrn long; kLrgerblades mm, the nut bearingan often dissectedlateral crest to 2 mm wide. br0adlY ovareto circullr.S-tO x z.-s l5 cm, + dcnselyand persrs- Fl (Aug, Nov, Feb). fr (Aug, Dec): in nonfloodedmoist forest and lently sericeousabaxially. the hairs sessile.straight. tightly secondarvvesetation. 114 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN f\i rt 761

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FI(r.179.\'IAIPIGHIACEAh. WPffi,Pffi, Mc:iuangelicn(A-J.LIorit:tttl.20915:K.L,.Si1r'a28-i0lromBrazil).A,Pa of stern t$0 b)adeshor ing persistcnthairs. B. Pan of inllorescencewith flowersmd tlower buds.C. Lateralview of umbcl with fbur flowcr buds.each hud encLotcdbi bracteolesand subtencledby one bract. the stalk of the umbel bcaring a pair of steile bracts.D. Lateral vierv of fower bud about to opcn. being forced apart h)' the enllrging sepals.E. Lateral vierv of fower with petals removed, with the two subtendingbracteoles intact (right) irorr half cur au'ay (below) to shorv sepals.with thc cglandular anterior scpal in centcr F. Abaxial yiew of one lateral sepal bearing a ]arge double gland tbmled t r two nearlYconnate glmds. G. Apical r'iew of fower (above left) rvith posterior petal uppemrost and lateral vies ot llower (rightl rvith trvo pct.rl. rcmored arJ posterior petal to the right. lI. Adaxial vieu of androecium opened uith the shorteststarnen (ffth frorr right) opposite the poste or petal. adaxial(net lefi) r'iervsof anthersopposite pctals and latcral(near right) and adaxial(fi nght) \'iewsof anthersoppositc sepals. with anteriorsO lc in center( right ) and cletailoI one stvlc-apex(above left). K. Abaxial (above) and aclaxial(below) \'iews of s shouing largelateral rving. smaller dorsai $'ing (pointingup), singlewinglets between dorsal and lateralwings. and singlervinglets ouLsidc rtc-rrr rr ing MALPIGHIACEAE (MAT-PIGHIA FAMILY) 425 20021

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-flC ror'lRn rr ^ " l\'l\LPICHIACE,\E. Stigtutqh,rlbnsirttatun (A. B. unvoucheredfcld sketches;C G, Mori & Gracie 22819).A. Paf of leafy stemof iana showitg *q I Delo\| of rlrnrLsrL thc f,pcxof petiolcon abaxial-surface. B. Inflorescence.C. Lateralvierv of flower bud rvithpaired glands at Lraseof fbur lrteral sepals. 'rprcal " viet of llos er t rig h r t \! irh posreriorpcl al uppermostand lon-qitudinalscction of flower lbelow) wi th gynoeciumremovecl and posteriorpeta] to right: unequal "u'( anthers.E. Cl noeciurnshorvin-l stlics l'ith largeapical folioles. F. Apex oi' stemrvith infirLctcscencc.G. Samara. 426 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN lVOt r, ^ "L. /O{lr

TETRAPTERYS CAV.

I-ianas,vines. or occasronally petiole, shrubs.Stipules srnall. interpetiolar or borneon or absent.Leaves usually bearing glands. In616. rescenccs umbels,corymbs. or pseudoracemes.these often grouped in panicles.Flowers: petals yellow or pink;stamenr * ,like:stllo. I the apexwith internalto apicalstigma, dorsally smooth or rruncateor short-hooked.Fruits breaking into 3 samaras. ,urooi^,,'i its largestwings lateral, usually 4 cliscretewings, the dorsal wing smaller,sometimes reduced to crestor lost,intermediatc "r.h uingf.,,u, outgrowthsprcsent bctwccn lateral and dorsal wings in somespecies.

1. Leaf bladeseglandular or bcaringglands on margin.Branches of inflorescencetendnating in pseudoracemes of(2)'1-8(10)flowers.Sepalsrevoluteduringflowering;petals(atleastthelaterai.l)abaxiallysericcous....T.tLt'utifolir. 1. Leaf bladesbearing glands on abaxialsurface between midrib and margin.Branches of inflorescence terminatingin umbelsof '1-6 f'lowers.Sepals appressed during flowering; petalsglabrous. 2. Stipulesdistinct, persistent or cventuallydeciduous. leaving 2 tiny interpetiolarscars. Inflorescences with nontlorif'erousbracts inconspicuous, nanowly lanceolate.mostly <3 mm iong. Calyx glands(if presentt usuallybecoming stalked in older flowers and fiuit; stylesslender. with small,discrete, nearly terminal '[. stlgmas. mtrt:rorktta 2. Stipulesconnate in interpetiolarpairs, caducous or eventuallydeciduous, leaving a single large scar. Infloresccncescontaining conspicuous, otlen orbicular,foliaceous bracts, much smallerand thinner than vegetativeleaves but much largerthan floriferousbracts. these deciduous and usuallyabsent from frLririrrs specimens.Calyx glandssessile; styles stout, the large stigmasinternal and decurrent. 3. Vegetativestems densely n1f, + persistentlysericeous through first year of growth.Leaf blades abaxially persistentlysparsely sericeous, the very short hairs evenly distributcdover whole surface. bearinga clusterof 3-10 glandson eachside of midrib abaxially.Sepals abaxially densely and pcrsistentlyscriccous. Samaras with upperlateral wings at least3 timesas long as lower wings.. . . T. glabriftiiu. 3. Vcgetativestcms soon glabrescent to glabratein first year of growth.Leaf bladesabaxially soon glabrateor with somehairs persistenton midrib, bearing0 i gland on eachside near baseabaxialh. Sepalsabaxially glabrous or sp:Lrselyto moderatelysericeous, often with marginalfringe oftiny hairs. Samaraswith upperlateral wings to 2.5(3)times as 1on-e as lower wings. 4. Leaf bladeswith abaxialglands at base,if prcscnt.1-2.5 mm long. Someor all calyx glands asymmetrical.earshaped: limb of anterior-lateralpetals 6-12 mm long. Nut of samarabearing severalprominent outgrowths between lateral and dorsalwings, and usually a small rounded crestoutside lateral wings, the samarawith lateralwings subequalor the lower wings somethat longer T. ntegttlcuttha 4. Leaf bladcswith abaxialglands at basc,if present,to 0.5 mm long.All calyx glandssyrnmetricrl. elliptic or obovate;limb of anterior-lateralpetals 4 5.5 mm long. Nut of samarasmooth bct\\ccn lateraland dorsalwings (occasionallywith 1 small outgrowth),and smoothoutsidc lateral rvings. the samarawith upper lateralwings distinctly longer than lower. . . . T. trispa.

Tetrapterys acutifolia Cav. at baseor bearinga singlegland to 0.5 mm diam. on eachside enJ with distal row of tiny glandsset in from margin.soon gllbrate er' Lianas.sonretimes shrubby when growingin openplaces rvithout cept for olien sericeousabaxial midrib. the basecuneate to rttun;eJ suppon.Stipules absent or minute (to 0.3 mm long).bome on petiole or occasionallyshallowly cordate, the apex shorl-acurrlinate.Inllo' betweenbase and rniddle. Leaves: longer petioles'l-7 mrn long: rcscencebranches terminating in umbelsof 4 floscrs: reddishnon- largcr leal bladcsovate or clliptic. 8-1.+x 3-6.4 cm. eglandularor t'loriferousbracts conspicuousin flower. [J-]5 nrm lons. Flouer.: beanngseveral small glands on ntargins.the basecuneate to rounded, sepalsappressed during ilowering. abaxiallyglabrous or ulth ,t li'r the apexacuminate to acuteor obtuse.Int'lorescence branches termr- hairsbeside glands and often bearing marginal tiinge ot tinr ha;L:.tht natlngtn short.crowded pseudoracemes of i214-8(l0) f]owers.these anterioreglandular. the lateral'{ biglandular.the glandsst mr.neltrcll oftcn corvmboseand sometimesapproaching umbels when inter- elliptic or obovate.sessile: petals glabrous,yello$ turnincLrlrnge nodesvery short.Flowers: sepals becoming revolute during flower- with age. the limb of anterior-lateralpetals :l-5.-5 nrrn long:\t\le' ing. the anterior eglandular.the lateral 4 biglandular.the glands stout,the posteriortwo thickerthan anterior one. tht' stignta:intentrl sessile:petals abaxially sericeous(posterior petal sometimesnearly largeand decurrent.Samaras with upperlateral wings r l5)11--lEntttl glabrous).yellowt stylesstclut. the srignrainternal. dorsally rounded long. alwaysdistinctly longer than iower rvings(6)10-15(:01 mm at apex. Samarasrvith lateral wings subequal.T 15 mm long. rhe long. the dorsalwing 2-6 mm wide: nut smoothbet\\cctr laleral rnu dorsalwing 2 3 mm rvide; nut bearingscveral rvinglets or in.egular dorsalwings (occasionallybearing 1 smalloutgro$ th ). ir ithoutcrests outgrowthsbetween laterirl and dorsalwings. Fl (Feb)_ tn or rvingletsoutside lateral wings. Fl (Aug. Ireb).fi {Nor. NIar): nonfloodedmoist forestand cloud forest. Tetrapteryscrispa A. Juss. dre Thereu'e severalcollections from centrarlFrcnch Guiana thal 'l'. ilc Lianas.Stems initially whtrc- or r:r\\nt-sericeour,:oonglabres- closestto crispubut atvpicalin somecharacters. Their leil\e\ the cent to giabrate.Stipules connate in interyettolarpairs. caducous. too small.and their samarashave too manv outgro\\th\ bclreen : Leaves:longer petioles 1 2-22(27) mrn iong: largerblades elliptic or lateraland dorsalwings. I originally identifieclsolre ol these hj\e slightlyovate or obovate.I 3 20 x (5.-5)6-12 cm. eglandularabarially as T. cli.uolor (G. Mcy.) DC., but un eloser e\JlrlinJtitrrlI MALPIGHIACEAE (MALPIGHIA FAMILY) 421 20021

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rlcl8I.NIALPIGIIIACEAE.7etraptensgktbri.folia(AF,]vlorietal.2287-l.:G,H,Mori&Pipoh|5630).A.Partofstemwithleafandint'lorescenceandetail ot abadal sudace of lcaf shorving imprcssed glands; note the roundecl non-f'loriferous bracts in inflorescence. B. Node of inflorescence shorving triangular tnterpetiolu stipuie puir. C. OlLlcr nocleshowing corky scr lefl after loss of stipule pair D. Lateral view ol umbel of lirur flower buds subtencledbl four bracts. ach llotreru ith a pair ol bractculesjust below the peduncle-pecliceljoint. E, Apical viervof flower with the posteriorpetal uppermost. F. Latcralview of gynoe- clum lnehtl Nilh antcriorstvle to lcft and adarill vierv of anterior siJ-le(rbove) showing decurrentstigma. G. Intact fruits. each comprisingthrec samatas. f, Aba\iJi rlrfi, rnJ adr\ial rrighrrri,'u. ol \claral.d .ilrilir'. 428 MEMOIRSO},'THE NEWYORK BOTANICAL GARDEN l\.O1.76(2) concludedthat tme'l'. dis(oktr is not presentin our area.I suspectthat ovateor obovate.(8)10-16 x 5 8.2cm, eglandularabaxially arbase (otien the intermediateplants in our arcarcpresenr the resultsof hybridiza- or on \tmc planilbcaring e ringlcglanrl l- l.: nrn l tion between T. crispa and.T.ntegttluntlzc. The collections before me each side ancl severalsmaller glanclsdistally set i" U",,r;:[:l that seem intermediate e,re Grant,ille 8661 (CAY), Mori & PipoLl" soonglabrate, the basecuneate or slightly decurrentt,-., .,,unclect,lhe 15609. Mori & Gracie 2I095. and Mori & Pepper21277 (all NY). apex abruptly short-acuminate.Inflorescence branches ternt in umbelsof 4 flowers;reddish nonfloriferous bracrs .""r0,.:':ill: Tetrapterys glabrifolia (Griscb.) Small flower. 8-25 mm long. Flowers:sepals appressed 6luring florverrng. FIc. l8l, Pl.8ld: Penr 1:Ftc.6 as T. crisptt abaxially glabrousur occasionallvloosely sericeous.often I marginal fringe of tinv hairs. the anterioreglanciular. ,h. ;,#i Lianas. Stems denselygolden-sericeous, the hairs persistentat biglandular,some or all glands asymmetrical.earshaped. sessrle least during first year. Stipules connate in interpetiolar pairs, pctalsglabrous. the limb yellow, thc clarvred. the limb of anlerior_ caducousor eventuallydeciduous. l,eaves: longer petioles 13-21 lateral petals6-12 mm long; stylesstout. the posterioftu,o rnrcker mm long; larserblades elliptic to suborbicularor somewhatovate or than anteriorone. the stigmasinternal, large and decurrent.Samarar obovate.I1-2-5 x 7-15.5cm. with a clusterof -j 10 glandson each with lateralwings 1,{-25mm long. thc upperand lou cr ri ingssube- sideof midrib abaxrally.these 0.3-0.7 mm diam. and distally few to qual or the Iowerwings somewhat longer, the dorsalurn.l_1_l{ many smallerglands (0.2 0.3 mm diam.) scatteredover sudace 101 mm widet nut bearingseveral prontinent outgrowths bct\\een Iateral betweenmidrib and margin.appeirring nearly glabrous to nakedeye and dorsal wings, usually rvith a roundedcrest I 2 ntnt uiijg sx1- but actually sparselybut persistentlysericeous abaxially, the verl (Dec. sidelateral wings. Fl Jan).fi (Feb);in nonflootledntor\r li)r- short hairs evenly distributedover whole surface.the basebroadly est. cuneateor roundedto cordate.the apex abruptlyshort-acuminate to Specimenslionr French Guiana and Surinam ha\. \rltaiter roundedand apiculate.Inflorescence branches terminating in umbels petalsand less stronglyasymmetrical calyx glandsrhan those tront of 4 flowers; reddish nonl'loriferousbracts conspicuousin flower, Guyana.but we still haveso fervcollections ofthis spcciesin iloucr 8-25 rnm long. Flowers:sepals appressed during flowenng. densely that it is difllcult to know how rnuch si-enificanceto alrrch ro rh(lse and persistentlysericeous abaxially, the anterior eglandular,the dift'erences.Specimens from the Sentier Botaniquc..ju\t erst 01 lateral4 biglandular.the gJandselliptic or obovale.symmetrical or Eaux Claires.have unusuallysmall leavesand unusuallrhail somewhat asymmetrical and earshaped.scssile; petals glabrous. 'l'. sepals.For specimensthat are intermecliatebetween ntequlanrht yellou, turning orange with age. thc limb of anteriorlatcral petals and T. crispu. seethc discussionunder Z. crl.lpc. 6.5-8 rnrn long; stylesslout. the posteriortwo notably thicker than anteriorone. the stigmasinternal, large and decurent. Samaraswith 'Ietrapterys upper lateral wings 30-,10 mm long (to 70 rnnt long in western mucronata Cav. Arnazonia).the lorver rvings 8-ll rnm long 1to J7 mrn in western Lianas. Stipulesminute. interpetiolar.distinct. pcrsl_(rent Lrr Aniazonia). the dorsal uing -1-7 ninr wide; nut snlooth between deciduous.Leaves: longer petioles5-14 mm long: lrrger leat latcral and dolsal uings, wiihout crestsor u,ingletsoutside lateral bladcsovate or elliptic.6-15 x 3 8 cm.2 imprcssedabarirl xings. Fl tFcb. Apr), fr (Feb); in nonlloodedmoist fcrrest. '1 glandsat baseand usuallv f'ew to many smallcr glandsdistallr This speciesis ver)' closcrto . culopltt'llo A. Juss.. which betweenmargin and midrib, the basecuneatc to rouncled.rhc aper was dcscnbedfrom French Guiana. The main. and perhapsonly. 'l'. acuminate to obtuse. Inflorescencebranches terminatinsrn differencebetween them is that in talopht,lla the leaf blade umbels of .1 6 llowersl nonfloriferousbract\ inconsprcuo!5. is obviouslv densely rnetallic-sericeousabaxially, whereas in L mostly narrowly lanceolate,(3 mm long. Flowers:seprls appressed glabrtJbliathe hairsare so sparsethat the bladeappears to the naked during llowering, all eglandularor the lateral -1 bielandulrr.the eyeto be glabrousor nea.rlyso.'letruptens glubrifoliu was originally '1. glands becomingstalked in aget petalsyellou. glabrou::snle: describedas a variety of c:aloplnLltt.which is a much older name. slender, tapered distally. the small discrete stigma internal0r ncarly terminal,dorsally rounded at apex. Samarasuith upper Tetrapterys megalantha W. R. Anderson Pt-.8le lateralwings 10-20 mm long. the lowcr wings 5 l1 nm long. Lianas. Stems initially thinly white-sericeous.surn glabrate. the dorsalwing 2-zl mm wide: nut usuallybearing sevcral aculeate Stipules connatc in interpctiolar pairs, caducous.Leaves: longer outgrowthsbetween lateral and dorsalwings. Fl {Sep):in non- petioles(9)11-20 mm long: largerleal bladeselliptic or slightly flooded moist forest.