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Saline Extract from Malpighia Emarginata DC Leaves Showed Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2019) 91(1): e20180358 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920180358 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal Saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves showed higher polyphenol presence, antioxidant and antifungal activity and promoted cell proliferation in mice splenocytes. BÁRBARA R.S. BARROS1, BRUNO RAFAEL BARBOZA1, BÁRBARA A. RAMOS2, MAIARA C. DE MOURA2, LUANA C.B.B. COELHO2, THIAGO HENRIQUE NAPOLEÃO2, MARIA TEREZA S. CORREIA2, PATRÍCIA MARIA G. PAIVA2, IRANILDO JOSÉ DA CRUZ FILHO1, TÚLIO DIEGO DA SILVA3, CLÁUDIA S.A. LIMA4 and CRISTIANE M.L. DE MELO1 1Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil 2Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil 3Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast, Av. Prof. Luís Freire, 1, 50740-545 Recife, PE, Brazil 4Department of Biophysics, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil Manuscript received on April 19, 2018; accepted for publication on June 21, 2018 How to cite: BARROS BRS, BARBOZA BR, RAMOS BA, MOURA MC, COELHO LCBB, NAPOLEÃO TH, CORREIA MTS, PAIVA PMG, CRUZ FILHO IJ, SILVA TD, LIMA CSA AND MELO CML. 2019. Saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves showed higher polyphenol presence, antioxidant and antifungal activity and promoted cell proliferation in mice splenocytes.. An Acad Bras Cienc 91: e20190916. DOI 10.1590/0001-3765201920180358. Abstract: Currently, the research of new natural compounds with biological potential demonstrates great ethnopharmacological importance. In this study, we evaluated the biological properties promoted by saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves, whose objective is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential. Phytochemical characterization was performed by UPLC-MS chromatography to identify the chemical compounds. For the antioxidant potential, DPPH, ATT and FRAP methods were used. The antibacterial and antifungal tests were performed evaluating the MIC50, MIC90, CMB and CMF parameters. Moreover, antibiofilm action was evaluated. Cytotoxicity and proliferation were performed using splenocytes from Balb/c mice and were evaluated by cytometry. We found a list of phenolic compounds among other bioactive compounds in the M. emarginata saline extract. In addition, higher antioxidant profile and antifungal activity against different strains ofCandida spp. was promoted by the saline extract. Splenocytes showed greater cell viability (more than 90%) and showed higher proliferate index in 24 and 48 hours of incubation with the extract. Saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC has potential action like antioxidant and antifungal agent without promote animal cell damage. Key words: bioactive compounds, cytotoxicity, Malpighia emarginata DC, phytochemical. INTRODUCTION the diversity of plant species, particularly those used Human culture has been profoundly influenced by for therapeutic purposes. Currently, the continuous knowledge about the medicinal properties of plants Correspondence to: Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo has been the focus of several scientific investigations E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-8831-0163 around the world. Is important and necessary the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES An Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91(1) BÁRBARA R.S. BARROS et al. Malpighia emarginata PRESENT BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES study of phytochemical constituents, therapeutic Many researches show important biological action mechanism and identify active principles actions promoted by different organic extracts responsible for many biological activities observed (like phenolic and ethanolic fractions) made using in medicinal plants (Lin et al. 2018). Moreover, leaves of M. emarginata (Silva 2014, Oliveira many authors have been publishing evidences 2015, Rezende et al. 2018). However, is known that about the efficacy of medicinal plants and their the true use of M. emarginata in local communities constituents on the improvement of diseases as is like teas or infusions using water as the solvent. cancer (Shirzad et al. 2011), atherosclerosis (Asgari Although the studies about M. emarginata et al. 2012) and diabetes (Asgary et al. 2011). fruit are extensive, is very important to study Malpighia emarginata DC. is a plant found the phytochemical composition and biological throughout Central and South America. It is a tropical activities promoted by other organs of this plant. specie originating in the Caribbean region, being Thus, the present study aimed investigates the known as the Antillean cherry (Oliveira et al. 2012, phytochemical composition of the saline extract Moreira et al. 2016). In Brazil the fruit is known as from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves and shows acerola and possess high content of ascorbic acid the initial biological activities promoted by this (vitamin C), carotenoids, anthocyanins, thiamine, compound. riboflavin, niacin, proteins and mineral salts, mainly iron, calcium and phosphorous, being considered a MATERIALS AND METHODS functional food (Mezquita and Vigoa 2000, Rosso VEGETABLE MATERIAL AND EXTRACT et al. 2008, Alvarez-Suarez et al. 2017). This plant PREPARATION also has other phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and polyphenols The leaves of Malpighia emarginata were collected (Bataglion et al. 2015, Malegori et al. 2017). All in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. these compounds are able to minimize oxidative The botanical identification was performed by the damage caused by the reactive oxygen and nitrogen Professor Marlene Barbosa, on May 30, 2017, species in animal organism (Oliveira et al. 2012) at the Herbarium Geraldo Mariz, located at the and prevent some chronic diseases such as cancer Center of Biosciences of the Federal University (Mezadri et al. 2008, Leffa et al. 2014). Moreover, of Pernambuco through exsiccate deposited under these molecules also exhibit potential therapeutic registration number 82.615. After collection, the effect as anti-inflammatory, radiation-protective, leaves were kept at room temperature for drying chemoprotective, vasoprotective, inhibition of LDL during 4 days. The dried leaves were crushed in oxidation and decrease the risks of cardiovascular Reverse Black Oster and the pulverized material diseases (Wang et al. 1997, Seeram and Nair 2002, (20g) was diluted in 0.15 M NaCl (200 mL) in the Rosso et al. 2008). proportion of 10% (w/v). Therefore, using an orbital Local communities, especially in northeast and alternative incubator shaker (Lab Companion™ of Brazil, use the juice of acerola mainly for IS-971) the material was kept under agitation (400 respiratory diseases as flu and bronchitis. However, rpm) in constant temperature (28 ºC) for 16 hours. some accounts showed that leaves of plant were After the stirring time, the material was filtered used to make tea associated with garlic and honey using paper filter and centrifuged (15 min, 10,000 to flu symptoms. In addition, recent biological x g). The obtained supernatant was collected and studies have shown that acerola consuming is not called saline extract from Malpighia emarginata dangerous to human cells. leaves. After this, the extract was lyophilized and An Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91(1) e20180358 2 | 15 BÁRBARA R.S. BARROS et al. Malpighia emarginata PRESENT BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES 9.2 g of crude material was obtained. Material was ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS THROUGH OF ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID stored at -20 °C until use. CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED TO MASS SPECTROMETRY – UPLC-MS DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) The total phenols were determined by the Folin- was performed with an Acquity H-Class (Waters) Ciocalteu method according to Li et al. (2008) employing a 2.1 x 100 mm BEH column with a with some modifications. Extracts diluted at 1 mg/ particle size of 1.7 μm. The column was maintained mL were dissolved in distilled water. In 0.1 mL of under a constant temperature of 40 ºC and the auto Folin solution (1:10 v/v) was added 0.02 mL of injector at 10 ºC. We use an aqueous solution the diluted extracts. After 3 minutes of incubation (eluent A) containing 2% methanol (MeOH), 5Mm (in the dark), 0.08 of sodium carbonate (7.5%) ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid and a was added and incubated for 120 minutes in the methanol solution (eluent B) containing 0.1% dark at room temperature. After this period, the formic acid, which were pumped at a flow rate of absorbance of the samples was measured at 765 nm 0.3 mL/min. Ten microliters of the M. emarginata extract was injected. Elution was performed in against a blank (reagent added to distilled water). gradient mode and the initial condition (98% A / A calibration curve was prepared by plotting the 2% B) was maintained for 0.25 minutes. The B ratio absorbance as a function of the concentration of increased linearly to 99% in 8.5 minutes, remaining gallic acid (0 - 500 μg/mL) was prepared and the at 99% B for one minute, followed by immediate linear equation (y = 0.0048x + 0.0016 R² = 0.9999). decreased to 2% B, where it was maintained for up Phenols are expressed in gallic acid equivalent (mg to 11 minutes. The UPLC system was coupled to a EAG/g of extract).
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