Significant Fish Species Protection Under Dry Inflow Conditions

Corangamite CMA — Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

S. Saddlier, T. Ryan and J. Wooley

2009

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research

Technical Report Series No. 198

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 198

Corangamite CMA — Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

S. Saddlier 1, T. Ryan 2 and J. Wooley 3

1Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084

2Environous Pty Ltd

3Corangamite Catchment Management Authority

November 2009

In partnership with:

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 ii

Report produced by: Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Sustainability and Environment PO Box 137 Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084 Phone (03) 9450 8600 Website: www.dse.vic.gov.au/ari

This publication is copyright. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced, copied, transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical or graphic) without the prior written permission of the State of Victoria, Department of Sustainability and Environment. All requests and enquiries should be directed to the Customer Service Centre, 136 186 or email [email protected]

Citation: Saddlier, S., Ryan, T and Wooley, J. (2009). Corangamite CMA — Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 198. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria.

ISSN 1835-3827 (print) ISSN 1835-3835 (online) ISBN 978-1-74242-338-8 (print) ISBN 978-1-74242-339-5 (online)

Disclaimer: This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

Front cover photographs : Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla (Rudi Kuiter), Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena , Australian Mudfish Neochanna cleaveri and Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura (Tarmo Raadik)

Authorised by : Victorian Government, Melbourne.

Printed by : NMIT Printroom, 77-91 St Georges Road, Preston 3072

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 iii

Contents

List of Tables ...... v Acknowledgements ...... vi Summary ...... 1 Prioritised population locations and actions for each species ...... 1 Yarra Pygmy Perch ...... 1 Dwarf Galaxias...... 2 Australian Mudfish...... 2 Australian Grayling...... 3 Background ...... 4 1 Introduction ...... 5 2 Methods ...... 6 2.1 Collation of background information...... 6

2.2 Workshop participation...... 7

2.3 Population prioritisation by species ...... 7

2.4 Determination of threats associated to each population...... 8

2.5 Report preparation...... 8 3 Outcomes of workshop ...... 9 3.1 Workshop discussion...... 9 3.1.1 Yarra Pygmy Perch ...... 9 3.1.2 Dwarf Galaxias ...... 9 3.1.3 Australian Grayling...... 10 3.1.4 Australian Mudfish ...... 11 3.1.5 General comments ...... 11 3.2 Prioritisation of population sites ...... 13

3.3 Determination and prioritisation of threats associated with each high value population...... 16 3.3.1 Yarra Pygmy Perch ...... 16 3.3.2 Dwarf Galaxias ...... 24 3.3.3 Australian Mudfish ...... 26 3.3.4 Australian Grayling...... 30 3.4 Threats, triggers and recommended actions for each site...... 34

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 iv

4 Summaries and management options ...... 52 4.1 Yarra Pygmy Perch ...... 52 4.1.1 Waurn Ponds Creek ...... 52 4.1.2 Thompson Creek...... 53 4.1.3 Upper Barwon catchment (including Pennyroyal Creek) ...... 53 4.1.4 Curdies River ...... 54 4.1.5 Sutherland Creek...... 54 4.1.6 Woady Yallock and Gnarkeet Creeks population...... 55 4.1.7 Saint Georges River ...... 55 4.1.8 Summary of Management Options for Yarra Pygmy Perch ...... 55 4.1.9 Additional Research...... 55 4.2 Dwarf Galaxias...... 57 4.2.1 Barwon River...... 57 4.2.2 Gosling Creek ...... 58 4.2.3 Additional Research...... 59 4.3 Australian Mudfish...... 60 4.3.1 Aire River...... 60 4.3.2 Barwon River (Belmont Common)...... 61 4.3.3 Calder River...... 61 4.3.4 Wye River ...... 61 4.3.5 Additional Research...... 62 4.4 Australian Grayling...... 63 4.4.1 Barwon River...... 63 4.4.2 Barham River...... 65 4.4.3 Gellibrand River...... 65 4.4.4 Aire River...... 66 4.4.5 Additional research ...... 66 5 References ...... 68 6 Appendices ...... 69 6.1 Site details for Yarra Pygmy Perch populations ...... 69 6.2 Site details for Dwarf Galaxias populations...... 105 6.3 Site details for Australian Mudfish populations...... 107 6.4 Site details for Australian Grayling populations ...... 112 6.5 Aquatic Fauna Database records for Australian Grayling captured in Victoria...... 116 6.6 Workshop participant list and agenda ...... 117

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 v

List of tables Table 1. Prioritisation summary for each site within the Corangamite Catchment region known to support Yarra Pygmy Perch ...... 9 Table 2. Prioritisation summary for each site within the Corangamite Catchment region known to support Dwarf Galaxias...... 10 Table 3. Prioritisation summary for each site within the Corangamite Catchment region known to support Australian Mudfish...... 10 Table 4. Prioritisation summary for each site within the Corangamite Catchment region known to support Australian Grayling...... 11 Table 5. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Curdies River downstream of Limestone Creek. 12 Table 6. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Sutherland Creek ...... 13 Table 7. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Woady Yallock Creek–Cressy...... 14 Table 8. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Thompson Creek at Rices Reserve ...... 15 Table 9. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Pennyroyal Creek–Upper Barwon Catchment..... 16 Table 10. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Thompson Creek at Pettavel Road...... 17 Table 11. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Waurn Ponds Creek (Bailey St–Pioneer Rd)..... 18 Table 12. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Barwon River at Pollocksford...... 19 Table 13. Prioritisation of Dwarf Galaxias in Barwon River ...... 20 Table 14. Prioritisation of Dwarf Galaxias in Gosling Creek ...... 21 Table 15. Prioritisation of Australian Mudfish in Aire River (and associated drainage lines)...... 22 Table 16. Prioritisation of Australian Mudfish in Barwon River wetland at Belmont common ...... 23 Table 17. Prioritisation of Australian Mudfish in Calder River ...... 24 Table 18. Prioritisation of Australian Mudfish in Wye River ...... 25 Table 19. Prioritisation of Australian Grayling in Barwon River...... 26 Table 20. Prioritisation of Australian Grayling in Barham River...... 27 Table 21. Prioritisation of Australian Grayling in Gellibrand River...... 28 Table 22. Prioritisation of Australian Grayling in Aire River...... 29 Table 23–30. Prioritised threats for Yarra Pygmy Perch established during the workshop...... 30 Table 31–32. Prioritised threats for Dwarf Galaxias established during the workshop ...... 38 Table 33–36. Prioritised threats for Australian Mudfish established during the workshop ...... 40 Table 37–40. Prioritised threats for Australian Grayling established during the workshop...... 44 Table 41. Summarised priority threats for Yarra Pygmy Perch ...... 49 Table 42. Summarised priority threats for Dwarf Galaxias...... 54 Table 43. Summarised priority threats for Australian Mudfish...... 57 Table 44. Summarised priority threats for Australian Grayling...... 59

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 vi

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following people who participated in the workshop to provide the basis for prioritising sites and threatening processes for each species: Dennis Lovric, Steve Harfield, Darren Wilkie, Nick McCristal and Deirdre Murphy (CCMA), Rhys Coleman and Anna Lucas (Melbourne Water), Craig Murdoch (Fisheries Victoria), Stephen Adamthwaite (EPA), John McGuckin (Streamline research/Native Fish Australia), Greg Peters (Riverness Pty Ltd), Bill O’Connor and Gary Backhouse (DSE) as well as the following staff from the Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research (ARI): David Bryant, Wayne Koster, Tim O’Brien, Justin O’Connor and Tarmo Raadik.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 vii

CCMA—Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Summary The importance of aquatic refuge habitat is more acutely appreciated during drought conditions. They can provide protection from desiccation in intermittent systems and critical flowing conditions in perennial streams. The resilience of this habitat is greatly influenced by the overall diversity and health of the surrounding catchment. In extreme conditions these refuge sites may require additional support to ensure the survival of important aquatic biota. A diverse range of aquatic habitat in the Corangamite Catchment provides critical drought refuge habitat for Australian Mudfish Neochanna cleaveri , Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla , Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura and Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena . This project was commissioned to provide clear management recommendations, most appropriate actions and targeted research required to protect key refuge sites and improve resilience of threatened fish populations in the Corangamite Catchment. Extensive pre-prepared species and location information was used by the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority (CCMA), the Arthur Rylah Institute (ARI) and additional relevant experts during the project workshop (held at the ARI on the 30th July 2009). This information formed the basis of this report. Each site was ranked in order of significance by assessing the size and robustness of the population and the uniqueness of the population in terms of geographic position and genetic integrity. The relevant experts for each species were required to assess the potential threats at each site which were then ranked using a subset of drought related threats from the FAST (Fish Assessment Support Tool) database. Short and long term management actions, as well as potential water quality trigger levels were identified for each species during the workshop. These were further refined for inclusion into this report.

Population locations and relative significance

Yarra Pygmy Perch Of the numerous Yarra Pygmy Perch populations detected in the Corangamite region, relatively isolated populations include Sutherland Creek (a tributary of the Moorabool River), Woori Yallock & Gnarkeet Creeks and the Curdies River. Scattered populations occur within the Barwon River catchment, including Waurn Ponds Creek, Pennyroyal Creek and middle and upper Barwon River reaches, as well as a large population in Thompson Creek. Sites with the highest conservation significance were Sutherland Creek, Woori Yallock Creek at Cressy and the Curdies River at Limestone Creek, followed by populations in the Thompson Creek at Horseshoe Bend and Pettavel Road. Of the populations in the Barwon River catchment, those in the upper catchment such as at Pennyroyal Creek are likely to be important to conserve, while the large population in Waurn Ponds Creek (between Barwon Heads Road and Torquay Road and between Torquay Road and Rossack Road) was considered to be relatively secure and provides an opportunity for the CCMA to promote Yarra Pygmy Perch as an important conservation species which will encourage greater community ownership of catchment restoration works.

Dwarf Galaxias Two Dwarf Galaxias populations have been detected in the upper Barwon River catchment at Gosling Creek and in the Barwon River at Barwon Downs. The Barwon River site was considered most significant for this species due to the relatively large Dwarf Galaxias population and the additional presence of Yarra Pygmy Perch at this location. It was also noted in the workshop that populations higher in the catchment deserved greater consideration due to their potential to provide natural re-stocking pathways.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 1

CCMA—Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Australian Mudfish Four population sites have been recorded within the study area. The lower Aire River was considered to be the most significant population due to the relatively large number of individuals which are regularly captured and also because of the Heritage status of this river. The Belmont Common population in the Barwon River catchment was also considered significant due to its strategic location within the central Geelong area, providing the potential to be used as a habitat restoration mascot. Smaller populations have also been detected in the lower Calder and Wye Rivers.

Australian Grayling Despite a lack of targeted surveys in the CCMA, Australian Grayling have been recorded over the past 20 years in a widespread range of Corangamite streams including the Barwon River, Erskine River, Cumberland River, Barham River, Skenes Creek, St. Georges River, Wild Dog Creek, Wye River, Carisbrook Creek, Ford River, Kennett River and Grassy Creek. While captures in many of these streams may represent ‘vagrant’ Australian Grayling, larger perennial systems with sufficient spawning and feeding habitat and more secure stream flow, capable of supporting large Australian Grayling populations, include the Barwon River, Barham River, Gellibrand River and Aire River.

Threats to populations Habitat changes due to low flow, loss of seasonal flows and a loss of wetlands and floodplain connectivity were rated as the top threats to Yarra Pygmy Perch and Dwarf Galaxias at most locations. Loss of flooding flows, fragmentation of instream habitat, deterioration of water quality, impacts of stormwater catchment erosion and nutrification were also identified as major threats in most catchments.

The most damaging threats to Australian Mudfish were identified as a loss of wetlands and floodplain connectivity, loss of seasonal flow events and a dominance of low flows that reduce the frequency of river mouth/estuary opening.

Principal threats to Australian Grayling populations within the CCMA region were established during the workshop. These include low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening, reduction of flow volumes, loss of seasonal flows, low dissolved oxygen level and instream barriers to migration.

Short-term actions Regular or continuous water quality and quantity monitoring of key sites (using community groups such as Waterwatch programs), as well as establishing water delivery strategies were highlighted as important management tasks for each of the four threatened species, while establishing collaborative funding opportunities and determining key sites for wetland re-establishment is also a high priority action for all species apart from Australian Grayling, which is more dependant upon main channel habitats.

For non migratory species (Yarra Pygmy Perch and Dwarf Galaxias), delivery of water to specific habitat sites (once critical triggers had been reached) was determined to be a high priority action, while for migratory species (Australian Grayling and Australian Mudfish ), the use of the Estuary Entrance Management Support System (EEMSS) to investigate the potential to facilitate estuary mouth opening was viewed as a high priority action.

Investigating the potential for an environmental water release was also considered a key task for all species apart from Australian Mudfish which occupies habitat that would in most cases not benefit from this action.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 2

CCMA—Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Important species-specific actions also include conducting bathymetric surveys to determine refuge habitat locations for Yarra Pygmy Perch, while Actions for Australian Mudfish include conducting an assessment of aquatic macrophyte condition as well as establishing the cause and extent of riparian vegetation loss for use in preparing a riparian management strategy. For Australian Grayling, investigating the feasibility of removing instream barriers (and implementing removal if practicable) was also listed as a priority action.

Longer term actions and further research High priority actions identified for all four species include a determination of the amount of water extraction occurring within each river system (with the aim of identifying potential water saving strategies), as well as the deployment of continuous water quality loggers which can be used to remotely monitor conditions including D.O., E.C. and water temperature (this was not considered a priority for Australian Mudfish). Determination of critical water quality parameters was considered a vita action for Dwarf Galaxias as well as Australian Grayling (and to a lesser extent for the Yarra Pygmy Perch). These water quality levels would then be used to set targets for use with continuous water quality loggers, as well as assist in the development and implementation of a water quality management plan which is also considered to be a high priority action for these three species.

For non migratory species (Yarra Pygmy Perch and Dwarf Galaxias), raising water levels by sandbagging or similar weir construction and provision of a more reliable source of water were considered key long-term tasks, while for migratory species (Australian Grayling and Australian Mudfish ), investigation of flow levels required to maintain estuary mouth opening was also considered a priority action.

Important species-specific actions also include undertaking channel deepening for Yarra Pygmy Perch and investigating the impacts of instream barriers on the ability of Australian Grayling to access more secure habitat

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 3

CCMA—Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Background

The Corangamite CMA is responsible for ensuring the protection and sustainable development of land, vegetation and water resources within four catchments, including the Moorabool River system, Barwon River system, Corangamite Lake and Otway Coast catchments. These four catchments comprise a total area of 13 340 km2 and extend from Geelong to Ballarat and along the coast to Peterborough.

The four catchments, for which the Corangamite CMA is responsible, support a diverse range of aquatic habitats including lowland rivers, upland streams, wetlands and estuaries. These habitats support a wide range of aquatic fauna and, significantly, four threatened fish species including the Australian Mudfish (Neochanna cleaveri ), Dwarf Galaxias (Galaxiella pusilla), Yarra Pygmy Perch (Nannoperca obscura ) and Australian Grayling (Prototroctes maraena ). These species are listed as threatened at both national and state levels under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (the FFG Act), as well as under the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (the EPBC Act).

These four threatened fish species have undergone a significant reduction in both distribution and abundance throughout their previous range since European settlement. Conditions that have contributed to their decline are well documented and can be grouped under the broad categories of river regulation, catchment and riparian disturbance, as well as exotic species introduction.

The continuing reduction in catchment inflows observed over the past 10 years has led to the deterioration of habitat on which these species rely. Key factors include a significant decrease in water quantity (and therefore habitat availability), as well as reduced water quality due to increases in salinity, increased nutrients levels and potentially algal blooms, as well as decreased oxygen levels. Additional threats include reduced capacity for the environmental cues (provided by high flows) necessary to initiate spawning and movement.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 4

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

1. Introduction The four fish species that are the focus of this report exhibit a wide range of habitat preferences and ecological requirements critical for their survival. For example, Australian Grayling and Australian Mudfish require access to estuarine or marine waters as a necessary component of their life cycle, while Australian Mudfish and Dwarf Galaxias are considered wetland specialists, being able to survive for short periods of time in habitat containing negligible surface water.

While management actions aimed at ameliorating impacts to these species are continually being addressed by natural resource management agencies, including the Corangamite CMA, recent drought conditions that have occurred over the last 10 years (and which are still in effect) have seriously exacerbated the effect of many of these impacts. For example, drought conditions have the ability to extend the period of time in which an intermittent barrier (i.e. one which may be ‘drowned out’ during periods of moderate to high flows) acts as a complete barrier to migration, while the retraction of waters to isolated pools can seriously effect smaller bodied species such as Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch if predator/competitor species, such as English perch (Perca fluviatilis) or Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), are present.

This project will give clear management recommendations on the most appropriate actions needed to reduce the impact that reduced inflows have on remnant populations of these threatened fish species, as well as identifying key knowledge gaps, which when addressed will assist in the recovery actions for these species.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 5

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

2. Methods Project outputs were developed by combining expert opinion and advice from biologists with specific experience in the biology and habitat requirements of the four threatened fish species, with the knowledge held by catchment managers on the specific habitats and catchment use within the Corangamite CMA. Broadly, this comprised six components: 1. Collation of background information 2. Workshop participation 3. Population prioritisation by species 4. Determination of threats to each population 5. Workshop determination of most appropriate management action 6. Project write-up. 2.1 Collation of background information Data on the status of individual populations as well as water quality data for each of the four threatened fish species has been collated from database records (DSE 2009), recent survey reports conducted within the Corangamite CMA region and personal communication. While recent surveys have been conducted for Dwarf Galaxias (Raadik 2000) and Yarra Pygmy Perch (Raadik 2000, Jones et. al. 2008, McKinnon and Ryan 2008), Australian Mudfish population data was less recent and was collated through examination of Aquatic Fauna database records, earlier reports (Koehn and Raadik 1991), and personal communications with workshop participants (T.A. Raadik). Australian Grayling records were taken from the Aquatic fauna database, as well as from survey records held at the Arthur Rylah Institute (J.P. O’Connor, pers. comm.).

Data extracted (where available) included water quality parameters, population density, evidence of recruitment (population structure), as well as any threats apparent at the site. Photographic representation of each site (where available) was included with population summary data.

This data was made available to all workshop participants to ensure that an assessment of the population status of each species at each site (where data was available) could be established. Topographic maps (1:100,000 scale) with population site details marked to clarify locations of each population were also supplied.

Background information provided to participants included a range of information for each sites and consisted of the following data: • Site location (description, as well as map grid reference) • Number captured (including methodology used) • Water quality values recorded as well as any relevant WQ information (where available) (water quality parameters include E.C., D.O. and pH) • Site physical attributes including flow characteristics and water depth (maximum and average) taken at the time of sampling (if available). • Drought related threats reported at time of sampling • Additional comments This information was then used to score each population site and prioritise it against other sites for the same species. A summary of data collated for the four threatened species is included in Appendix 1.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 6

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

2.2 Workshop participation The project workshop was held at the Arthur Rylah Institute on 30 July 2009 and was structured into two distinct activities as per workshop agenda (Appendix 2). The first activity consisted of a range of general and species specific presentations as well as group discussions on the following broad topics: • Project background • Threats to the four species • Exacerbating effects of drought conditions on these threats • Species requirements • Research updates and knowledge gaps • Prior management activities (good and bad).

Workshop presentations were made by a range of contributors, including Steve Saddlier (Chair— ARI), Rhys Coleman (Melbourne Water), Jayden Woolley (CCMA) and Justin O’Connor (ARI) with contributions from other workshop participants throughout the morning.

Presentations and discussions were recorded and significant contributions/points were summarised into five categories relevant to each of the four threatened species, as well as a category for general discussion points.

2.3 Population prioritisation by species Three factors were examined during the workshop to determine the importance of each population of threatened species when compared to others within the Corangamite CMA. These factors include:

1. What value the populations hold in terms of size or structure. This factor included whether a population contained a large number of individuals or whether it is considered particularly robust with regular successful recruitment, etc. 2. Whether a population is of special value due to its outlying location, taking into consideration whether a population was located a considerable distance from other populations or whether it is likely to have been isolated from other populations for a considerable period of time (i.e. may be genetically isolated). 3. Whether a population is important for other reasons including its potential use as an icon site for generating public support, or for educational or scientific purposes, etc. Additionally, other significant populations of fish or decapod crustacea may be present at the site which should be considered in ranking this site. Each of these criteria was scored from 1 (of least importance) to 10 (most important). The first two criteria were equally weighted and scores were combined to produce an overall prioritisation score. Tables containing individual scores for each population criteria, as well as combined (total) score and comments can be found in Table 1. (It should be noted that only factors 1 and 2 were combined to produce a final score from which priority sites were derived, while factor 3 is included separately to clarify additional aspects of each site which may influence management actions.)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 7

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

2.4 Determination of threats to each population This step was used to determine the threats to each of these populations and was scored from 1 (of least threat) to 8 (greatest threat). This assessment utilised those scores for each species that are contained within the FAST (Fish Assessment Support Tool) database (Saddlier 2008). Only the subset of threats affected or influenced by drought conditions was considered (13 of a total 41 threats):

1. Instream barriers to migration 2. Loss of floodplain connectivity 3. Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4. Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening to the sea 5. Loss of wetlands 6. Loss of seasonal flows 7. Reduced flooding 8. Habitat changes due to low flow 9. Reduction of flow volumes 10. Reduction of water-table levels 11. Low Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) levels 12. Increased salinity/high Electrical Conductivity (E.C.) levels 13. Algal blooms (nutrification)

For the purpose of this exercise, these threats range in score from 1 to 8 (original FAST scores ranged from 0 to a maximum of 4).

Each of the above threats was scored for their perceived impact on each species as well as for the threat level occurring at each site. Both scores range from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 8.

The final score for determination of threats associated with each population was a multiple of each of the two scores. For example, the threat of the presence of an instream barrier to migration is considered very severe for Australian Grayling and consequently scores a maximum threat of 8. At a particular site affected by the presence of an instream structure (which represents a complete barrier to migration under current drought conditions), the threat level at this site also scores a maximum of 8. The total score for this category at this site is therefore 8 x 8 = 64.

Tables containing individual scores for each threat at each population site as well as total score and comments can be found in Tables 1–4.

2.5 Report preparation Findings from the workshops were collated and a report summarising outcomes for each threatened species was prepared for distribution to ARI workshop attendees for comment. Comments were integrated into a final report which summarised the outcomes of the workshop in a format to address the project deliverables. This report contained a discussion of the individual species requirements, potential environmental risks and recommended management solutions. The final report was then presented to the Corangamite CMA.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 8

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3. Outcomes of workshop 3.1 Workshop discussion Presentations and discussions were recorded and significant contributions/points were summarised into categories according to fish species, as well as under the general comment category.

3.1.1 Yarra Pygmy Perch • Thompson Creek Waterwatch monitoring has recorded water quality levels of less than 1.5 mg/l D.O., greater than 15 000 µs/cm 2 E.C. and water temperatures of between 22–23 o C while still maintaining habitat tolerable for Yarra Pygmy Perch. • Although Yarra Pygmy Perch can withstand these poor water quality conditions, a knowledge gap exists on the period of time that these conditions can be tolerated and whether all life stages, including eggs and larvae and biological functions can be maintained over these conditions (i.e. can populations reproduce and function ‘normally’ under these circumstances?). • Pennyroyal Creek is considered a very important habitat for this species, however, this system does not receive any environmental flows and water quality can often be poor. Yarra Pygmy Perch populations here survive through natural resilience to these conditions. Pools created by the presence of instream barriers provide deeper water refuges during drought conditions.

3.1.2 Dwarf Galaxias • Rhys Coleman observed Dwarf Galaxias which were found (alive) buried under 2–3 cm of mud beneath leaf litter where no surface water had been present for a period of 2–3 weeks. Individuals which had retreated into the mud lost significant condition, suggesting that G. pusilla may not enter into a true state of aestivation. • Rhys Coleman also stated that in his observations, Dwarf Galaxias inhabiting sites with low habitat complexity were more likely to be adversely impacted by the presence of Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Additionally, there appears to be some level of habitat partitioning between these species with G. holbrooki preferring open well-lit (sunny) habitats whereas G. pusilla prefer well-vegetated shaded areas. • John McGuckin monitored a G. pusilla population in a channel off the Bittern Reservoir over summer months. Fish were present during November, however, water had dried up completely by December of the same year. Water was transferred to this site in early January (4–6 weeks duration of dry conditions), however, only Yabbies (Cherax destructor) were found to be present (no G. pusilla) thereafter. • Headwater populations of this species may be more important than similar populations situated further downstream, due to this population being a source for secondary populations as a consequence of the downstream drift of larval fish. • There is a need to investigate the use of reserve land adjoining Waurn Ponds Creek (owned by local council) as a site for either:

1. Creation of an offstream wetland complex which can be managed to maintain sufficient depth (and therefore water levels) over drought periods (if funding exists)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 9

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

2. Creation of an instream deep water habitat through construction of a sand-bagged/plastic-lined weir wall or similar structure at appropriate site. Note that Melbourne Water has been successfully deepening some sites in order to increase the site’s water carrying capacity.

3.1.3 Australian Grayling • Australian Grayling are not tolerant of poor water conditions (particularly low D.O. levels). Justin O’Connor observed the notable absence of Australian Grayling in waters below 7 ppt D.O. Consequently, unimpeded linear access in any river system is extremely important for this species to be able to access suitable D.O. levels. • Bill O’Connor notes having observed the death of Australian Grayling in a Dargo River pool during summer months when D.O. concentrations were recorded to be 6 ppt on the surface and 4 ppt on the bottom. • Some larger river systems within the Corangamite CMA (such as the Barwon River system) are believed to be extremely important as spawning grounds (the vast majority of records of Australian Grayling in spawning condition have been captured from this system), whereas smaller systems may support only ‘vagrant’ populations of this species. • The Gellibrand, Curdies and Barham rivers have all been flagged as being potentially important as spawning sites for this species. • Systems that have a natural flow regime (no major impoundments or regulation) are noted to be extremely important sites for this species, as a natural flow regime is necessary to trigger certain vital biological functions (i.e. spawning). Barriers on unregulated systems are therefore of higher consequence than they would be on a regulated system. • The underestimation of Australian Grayling numbers (due to inadequate sampling methodology for this species) is considered to be a consistent issue in the assessment of their distribution and density. Australian Grayling are not as ‘catchable’ as other species using standard techniques such as electrofishing (particularly backpack). There is a notable knowledge gap in this area of distribution and density assessment since the cessation of rotenone as a standard sampling technique. • If a vertical slot fishway is constructed on the lower Barwon River, then this structure would provide an ideal opportunity to integrate a Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tag reader into the structure, which can then be used to study movement and behaviour patterns.

3.1.4 Australian Mudfish • Mudfish maintained in a small glass aquarium were subjected to continual reduction in water level. When this water reached a critical level (i.e. no surface water present), the mudfish retreated into the mud. When habitat was re-inundated with water, the mudfish immediately returned to the ‘normal’ position in the tank. • Mudfish have only been located to 35 m altitude in coastal wetlands. • Pasture and wetland drainage as well as physical habitat destruction (i.e. earth moving machinery and unrestricted cattle access) are major threats to this species in the Corangamite CMA.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 10

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3.1.5 General comments • Trigger levels for the Moorabool River environmental release currently include D.O. levels below 5 mg/l as well as E.C. greater than 20 000 µs/cm2 and water temperature above 20 oC. • Barwon Water and Central Highlands Water have approved additional environmental water allocations for the Barwon River to provide for flushing flows over summer months. • Barwon River stopped flowing over the 2008/2009 summer period. • Groundwater is extremely important for many ephemeral streams, wetlands and spring-fed soaks for maintaining water levels. Groundwater extraction in the Otways is therefore of great concern to species utilising these habitats (i.e. Dwarf Galaxias, Australian Mudfish and to a lesser extent Yarra Pygmy Perch). • Monitoring of groundwater levels is currently occurring in the Geelong region and trigger levels have been established in relation to the potential impacts on wetlands. Allowances for climate change have been built into these trigger levels. • The documenting of spring-fed waters and secure wetlands is recommended as a priority action for the Corangamite CMA in identifying potential habitat for threatened wetland species (i.e. Yarra Pygmy Perch, Dwarf Galaxias and Australian Mudfish). • There is a need to ensure that environmental releases will fulfil their intended purpose. For example, if critical water quality trigger levels are reached, we need to ensure that any environmental release will be of sufficient quantity and timed to reach the site quickly enough to avert conditions that may impact the aquatic biota. • A monitoring protocol is required to ensure that sites containing these species have sufficient water of a suitable quality over summer months. It is recommended that Waterwatch be involved where applicable/practical and potentially to integrate some form of community monitoring (i.e. schools) as an extension component (as has been achieved by Melbourne Water). • Trucking water to isolated pools/wetlands is viewed as a last resort option, however, this may be an effective method of maintaining water quality/quantity over critical summer periods. Options such as sourcing water from de-commissioned reservoirs or treated stormwater, with Environment Protection Authority (EPA) approval, are also options to be considered. Appropriate access sites must be established for this to be a viable option. Water should be filtered both from the inlet, as well as outlet, to exclude the introduction of exotic or non-native species, particularly Mosquitofish. An example of cost for supplying water to two pools = $1700 (source: Melbourne Water). It should be noted that a lag period of approximately 1–2 weeks (required for water testing, organising on-ground staff, tankers, EPA approval, etc.) necessitates careful monitoring of trigger point water levels and water quality to ensure timely action. • It is recommended that an agreement or memorandum of understanding be established with the EPA to facilitate or ‘fast-track’ the approval process to ensure lengthy hold-ups are avoided. • It is recommended that an internal (Corangamite CMA) protocol be developed to facilitate or ‘fast- track’ the planning process to ensure that lengthy hold-ups are avoided. • The use of bore water may be an option in certain circumstances, however, the suitability of the water must be established and EPA approval granted prior to bore water use. • Sand-bagging and lining existing pools with plastic, in conjunction with the addition of water over summer months has been used very successfully by Melbourne Water to maintain G. pusilla habitat. It has been suggested that sand-bagging and lining existing pools with plastic could be used to capture natural high spring flows, thereby creating deep water refuges to support fish

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 11

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

populations over summer months and ensure adequate water depth is maintained for extended periods of time over this critical period. • The creation of new wetlands or modification of existing streams or wetlands to create deeper water refuges should also incorporate the facility to substantially vary water levels for: - removal of predators/competitor species, such as Mosquitofish and English Perch, - creating a natural high/low water level cycle for maintenance of aquatic vegetation and macroinvertebrate assemblages. • In most circumstances, captive management in aquarium facilities is not a feasible option due to the high cost involved. • Consideration should be given to the use of farm dams as additional stocking sites for threatened species, particularly at sites which are under some form of conservation covenant. Investigate the use of a Fisheries Victoria—Aquaculture ‘other’ permit. • Wetland Condition reporting process could be modified to assess macrophyte types and suitability for Yarra Pygmy Perch as scoping study to find more suitable wetlands. • Remote sensing could also be used to assess other potential suitable habitat into which populations could be translocated (i.e. in upper Barwon catchment). • Location value is not particularly useful without genetic information to inform degree of isolation therefore highlighting a major knowledge gap of the populations in the Corangamite CMA.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 12

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3.2 Prioritisation of population sites Table 1. Prioritisation summary for each site within the Corangamite Catchment region known to support Yarra Pygmy Perch

Waterbody Map & coordinates (A) (B) Total (C) Comments Population Location score Additional structure values (A+B) values (0–10) (0–10) (0–10) Curdies R. – d/s Limestone Ck 7421 6706/57425 8 8 16 4 limited community interest Sutherland Ck 7721 2582/57886 6 10 16 4 maintain and monitor Woady Yallock Ck @ Cressy 7621 7307/57883 6 10 16 4 monitor, investigate potential Thompson Ck – Rices Reserve 7721 2682/57608 9 5 14 9 Good pool with secure water, revegetation occurring and (Horseshoe Bend) good education potential Pennyroyal Ck – Upper Barwon 7621 7495/57449 9 5 14 7 Water allocation and wetland potential (at railway crossing) Thompson Ck – Pettavel Rd 7721 2585/57613 9 5 14 5 Less community potential Waurn Ponds Ck–From Bailey St 7721 2683/57701 to 8 5 13 10 Good education potential to Pioneer Rd, Grovedale 7721 2656/57687 Barwon River at Pollocksford 7721 2535/57744 8 5 13 8 Likely to be good population, limited education

Note: - This list is a condensed list of the complete number of population sites. A full list can be found in Appendices 1–4 - All location values rated at 5 for all Barwon populations

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 13

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 2. Prioritisation summary for each site within the Corangamite Catchment region known to support Dwarf Galaxias

Waterbody Map & coordinates (A) (B) Total score (C) Comments Population Location (A+B) Additional structure values (0– values (0–10) 10) (0–10) Barwon R. (Barwon Downs) 7621 7391/57374 7.5 10 17.5 8 Yarra Pygmy Perch present also Gosling Ck 7621 7458/57416 7.5 10 17.5 2

Table 3. Prioritisation summary for each site within the Corangamite Catchment region known to support Australian Mudfish

Waterbody Map & coordinates (A) (B) Total score Additional Comments Population Location (A+B) values structure values (0– (0–10) (0–10) 10) Aire Valley (combined sites) 7520 7147/57063 9 8 17 7 Heritage River, Australian Grayling present Barwon R. (Belmont Common) 7721 2686/57718 5 10 15 8 Good education potential Calder R. 7620 7178/57056 3 7 10 5 Australian Grayling present Wye R. 7620 7514/57196 3 7 10 5 Australian Grayling present

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 14

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 4. Prioritisation summary for each site within the Corangamite Catchment region known to support Australian Grayling

Waterbody Map & coordinates (A) (B) Total score (C) Comments Population Location (A+B) Additional structure values (0– values (0–10) 10) (0–10) Barwon R. 7721 2648/57747 9 9 18 7 Excellent population, recruitment documented Barham R. 7620 7280/57071 5 5 10 4 Reasonably good information available Gellibrand R. 7620 7280/57071 unknown unknown unknown 6 Larger system than many other smaller Otway streams where Australian Grayling have been recorded Aire R. 7520 7148/57054 to unknown unknown unknown 6 Larger system than many other smaller Otway 7520 7148/57072 streams where Australian Grayling have been recorded Note: - This list is a condensed list of the complete number of population sites. A full list can be found in Appendices 1–4 - Scores for the Gellibrand and Aire rivers are not able to be scored accurately due to absence of reliable data.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 15

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3.3 Determination and prioritisation of threats associated with each high value population

3.3.1 Yarra Pygmy Perch

Table 5. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Curdies River downstream of Limestone Creek Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of wetlands 8 6 48 Monitor water quality Habitat changes due to low flow 7 6 42 Revegetation and fencing required Loss of seasonal flows 7 6 42 Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 7 42 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 5 8 40 Reduced flooding 6 6 36 Reduction of flow volumes 6 6 36 Reduction of water-table levels 4 6 24 Low D.O. 3 4 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 4 8 Instream barriers to migration 2 2 4 Increased salinity 1 2 2 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 0 0 0 Comments high rainfall area so flow and water less of an issue lack of community interest in YPP some revegetation and stock exclusion in place, but should be undertaken at key YPP sites sites include downstream Limestone Creek and lower end of Scotts Creek

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 16

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 6. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Sutherland Creek Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Habitat changes due to low flow 7 7 49 Monitor water quality Loss of seasonal flows 7 7 49 Investigate potential to truck in water Loss of wetlands 8 6 48 Check pumping allocations Reduced flooding 6 7 42 Investigate potential of moving fish to more secure wetlands upstream Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 7 42 Look at possible YPP in Williamson Creek Reduction of flow volumes 6 7 42 Investigate use of bore and pump Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 5 7 35 Protect site Reduction of water-table levels 4 6 24 Low D.O. 3 4 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 4 8 Instream barriers to migration 2 2 4 Increased salinity 1 2 2 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 0 0 0 Comments need to protect site investigate water delivery and potential for bore and pump installation further revegetation upstream investigate relocation of fish to more secure wetlands upstream look for YPP populations in Williamson Creek — similar habitat

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 17

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 7. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Woady Yallock Creek–Cressy (preference to Gnarkeet Creek due to greater water security) Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of wetlands 8 7 56 Monitor water quality and fish populations Habitat changes due to low flow 7 7 49 Determine land status Loss of seasonal flows 7 7 49 Determine cross-section, depth etc. Reduced flooding 6 7 42 Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 7 42 Reduction of flow volumes 6 7 42 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 5 7 35 Reduction of water-table levels 4 4 16 Low D.O. 3 3 9 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 2 4 Instream barriers to migration 2 2 4 Increased salinity 1 1 1 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 0 0 0 Comments site at Cressy best as more water security and possible community support upper Woady Yallock is vegetated and in good condition potential for rapid stream assessment for school students here not much could be achieved at Gnarkeet Creek investigate water delivery and potential for bore and pump installation further revegetation upstream investigate relocation of fish to more secure wetlands upstream look for YPP populations in Williamson Creek—similar habitat

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 18

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 8. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Thompson Creek at Rices Reserve Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Habitat changes due to low flow 7 7 49 Monitor water quality and fish populations Loss of wetlands 8 6 48 Continuous water quality site (Rices Reserve) Reduced flooding 6 7 42 Re vegetation to link habitats Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 7 42 Use as catchment education site Reduction of flow volumes 6 7 42 Involve Waterwatch Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 5 8 40 Loss of seasonal flows 7 4 28 Reduction of water-table levels 4 6 24 Low D.O. 3 4 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 3 6 Instream barriers to migration 2 2 4 Increased salinity 1 3 3 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 0 0 0 Comments active catchment group, but YPP project will boost numbers and enthusiasm need to further identify key refuge habitat and manage that (i.e. instream vegetation, associations) best sites are Rices Reserve (Horseshoe Bend) and Pettavel and Williams Roads continuous monitoring sites important

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 19

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 9. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Pennyroyal Creek–Upper Barwon Catchment Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Habitat changes due to low flow 7 8 56 Investigate potential for additional environmental flow allocation (alteration to releases) Loss of seasonal flows 7 8 56 Reinstate wetlands off stream lower in catchment Loss of wetlands 8 7 56 Revegetation, fencing and stock exclusion Reduction of flow volumes 6 8 48 Reduced flooding 6 7 42 Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 7 42 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 5 7 35 Reduction of water-table levels 4 6 24 Low D.O. 3 4 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 4 8 Instream barriers to migration 2 3 6 Increased salinity 1 2 2 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary 0 0 0 opening Comments widespread population in large permanent pools likely to be more YPP in these large pools greater water delivery flexibility and security will help with negotiations with Barwon Water upper populations have restoration programs in place lower Barwon populations have had less catchment work Pennyroyal best upstream site

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 20

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 10. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Thompson Creek at Pettavel Rd Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Habitat changes due to low flow 7 7 49 Monitor water quality and fish populations Loss of wetlands 8 6 48 Continuous water quality site (Rices Reserve) Reduced flooding 6 7 42 Revegetation to link habitats Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 7 42 Use as catchment education site Reduction of flow volumes 6 7 42 Involve Waterwatch Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 5 8 40 Loss of seasonal flows 7 4 28 Reduction of water-table levels 4 6 24 Low D.O. 3 4 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 3 6 Instream barriers to migration 2 2 4 Increased salinity 1 3 3 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 0 0 0 Comments active catchment group, but YPP project will boost numbers and enthusiasm need to further identify key refuge habitat and manage that (i.e. instream vegetation, associations) best sites are Rices Reserve (Horseshoe Bend) and Pettavel and Williams roads continuous monitoring sites important

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 21

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 11. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Waurn Ponds Ck—From Bailey St to Pioneer Rd, Grovedale Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of wetlands 8 7 56 Offstream wetland construction Habitat changes due to low flow 7 7 49 Good education opportunity Reduced flooding 6 7 42 Monitor WQ in relation to stormwater and long term patterns Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 7 42 Determine channel depth profiles Reduction of flow volumes 6 7 42 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 5 7 35 Loss of seasonal flows 7 4 28 Reduction of water-table levels 4 5 20 Low D.O. 3 4 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 2 4 Instream barriers to migration 2 2 4 Increased salinity 1 1 1 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 0 0 0 Comments good public access and publicity potential active community support available good potential for improvement good sites for wetland include upstream Barwon Heads Road (Bailey Street), Rossack Road to Torquay Road, possibly below Barwon Heads Road

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 22

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 12. Prioritisation of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Barwon River at Pollocksford Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Habitat changes due to low flow 7 7 49 Monitor water quality and fish populations Loss of seasonal flows 7 7 49 Investigate fishing licence funding Loss of wetlands 8 6 48 Recreational fishing education Reduced flooding 6 7 42 Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 7 42 Reduction of flow volumes 6 7 42 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 5 8 40 Reduction of water-table levels 4 5 20 Low D.O. 3 4 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 4 8 Instream barriers to migration 2 2 4 Increased salinity 1 1 1 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 0 0 0 Comments widespread population in large permanent pools likely to be more YPP in these large pools greater water delivery flexibility and security will help with negotiations with Barwon Water upper populations have restoration programs in place lower Barwon populations have had less catchment work Pollocksford best lower site

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 23

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3.3.2 Dwarf Galaxias

Table 13. Prioritisation of Dwarf Galaxias in Barwon River (East Birregurra–Forest Rd, Barwon Downs) Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of wetlands 8 8 64 5(i) Reinstate wetlands Loss of seasonal flows 6 8 48 6(i) Investigate possibility of environmental flow event Reduction of flow volumes 6 4 24 9(i) Investigate possibility of environmental flow event 9(ii) Provide flushing summer flows Reduction of water-table levels 4 6 24 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 4 16 Algal blooms (nutrification) 4 4 16 Reduced flooding 6 2 12 Habitat changes due to low flow 6 2 12 Loss of floodplain connectivity 4 1 4 Low D.O. 2 2 4 Increased salinity 4 1 4 Instream barriers to migration 1 1 1 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary 0 0 0 opening Comments surveys to establish density and structure of G. pusilla population upstream and downstream of this site would enable clarification of species status continuous monitoring sites important surveys to establish the presence of suitable wetland or riverine drought refugia translocation sites within the Corangamite CMA region

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 24

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 14. Prioritisation of Dwarf Galaxias in Gosling Creek Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of wetlands 8 8 64 5(i) Reinstate wetlands Reduction of flow volumes 6 7 42 9(ii) A Provide flushing summer flows Algal blooms (nutrification) 4 7 28 13(ii), Establish WQ monitoring sites 13(iii) Supplement pool environments via tanked water Reduction of water-table levels 4 6 24 Habitat changes due to low flow 6 3 18 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 4 16 Loss of seasonal flows 6 2 12 Reduced flooding 6 2 12 Low D.O. 2 6 12 Increased salinity 4 2 8 Loss of floodplain connectivity 4 1 4 Instream barriers to migration 1 1 1 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 0 0 0 A liaise with landholder immediately upstream of site to investigate whether an EWR from privately owned dam could be arranged. Comments surveys to establish density and structure of G. pusilla population upstream and downstream of this site would enable clarification of species status continuous monitoring sites important surveys to establish the presence of suitable wetland or riverine drought refugia translocation sites within the Corangamite CMA region

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 25

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3.3.3 Australian Mudfish

Table 15. Prioritisation of Australian Mudfish in Aire River (and associated drainage lines) Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of wetlands 8 8 64 5(i) Reinstate wetlands, 5(iii) Construct new wetlands Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 8 5 40 4(ii) Investigate potential for artificial opening Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 6 36 2(iii) Where possible, re-establish floodplain connection Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 6 24 3(vi) Develop rehabilitation guidelines Reduction of water-table levels 4 5 20 10(ii) Investigate ground-surface water relationship 10(iii) Provide additional water through tankers Loss of seasonal flows 6 3 18 Habitat changes due to low flow 3 6 18 Instream barriers to migration 7 2 14 Reduced flooding 3 4 12 Reduction of flow volumes 3 4 12 Increased salinity 2 4 8 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 3 6 Low D.O. 0 3 0 Comments investigate whether estuary mouth is open during critical periods of movement investigate movement patterns of adults and juveniles to clarify specific temporal movement requirements surveys to establish density and structure of N. cleaveri population upstream and downstream of this site would enable clarification of species status continuous monitoring sites important knowledge gap exists on specific relationship between ground-water and surface-water levels surveys to establish the presence of suitable wetland or riverine drought refugia translocation sites within the Corangamite CMA region consideration should also be given to surveys of nearby wetlands to establish whether this species is more widespread within this area further data required to determine whether this species undertakes a true aestivation period

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 26

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 16. Prioritisation of Australian Mudfish in Barwon River wetland at Belmont Common Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of wetlands 8 7 56 5(i), 5(iii) Loss of seasonal flows 6 7 42 6(i) Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 6 36 2(iii) Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 6 24 3(vi) Develop rehabilitation guidelines Reduced flooding 3 7 21 7(i) 1 Instream barriers to migration 7 4 28 1(i) Access intermittent due to lack of high flows enabling connection of wetland habitat with Barwon Habitat changes due to low flow 3 3 9 Reduction of flow volumes 3 3 9 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 4 8 Reduction of water-table levels 4 2 8 Increased salinity 2 3 6 Low D.O. 0 3 0 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary 8 0 0 opening 1 refers to management action which is most likely not feasible in real terms but should still be acknowledged Comments surveys to establish density and structure of N. cleaveri population upstream and downstream of this site would enable clarification of species status continuous monitoring sites important surveys to establish the presence of suitable wetland or riverine drought refugia translocation sites within the Corangamite CMA region consideration should also be given to surveys of nearby wetlands to establish whether this species is more widespread within this area further data required to determine whether this species undertakes a true aestivation period

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 27

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 17. Prioritisation of Australian Mudfish in Calder River Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of wetlands 8 8 64 5(i) Reinstate wetlands, 5(iii) Construct new wetlands Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary 8 5 40 4(ii) Investigate potential for artificial opening opening Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 6 36 2(iii) Where possible, re-establish floodplain connection Habitat fragmentation (riparian and 4 6 24 3(vi) Develop rehabilitation guidelines instream) Reduction of water-table levels 4 5 20 10(ii) Investigate ground-surface water relationship 10(iii) Provide additional water through tankers Habitat changes due to low flow 3 6 18 Instream barriers to migration 7 2 14 Loss of seasonal flows 6 2 12 Reduced flooding 3 4 12 Reduction of flow volumes 3 4 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 6 12 Increased salinity 2 4 8 Low D.O. 0 5 0 Comments investigate what period of time estuary mouth is open during critical periods of movement investigate movement patterns of adults and juveniles to clarify specific temporal movement requirements surveys to establish density and structure of N. cleaveri population upstream and downstream of this site would enable clarification of species status surveys to establish the presence of suitable wetland or riverine drought refugia translocation sites within the Corangamite CMA region further data required to determine whether this species undertakes a true aestivation period

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 28

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 18. Prioritisation of Australian Mudfish in Wye River Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 8 8 64 4(ii) Investigate potential for artificial opening Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 4 16 3(vi) Develop rehabilitation guidelines Instream barriers to migration 7 2 14 Loss of floodplain connectivity 6 2 12 Reduction of water-table levels 4 3 12 Loss of seasonal flows 6 2 12 Algal blooms (nutrification) 2 6 12 Habitat changes due to low flow 3 3 9 Loss of wetlands 8 1 8 Reduced flooding 3 2 6 Reduction of flow volumes 3 2 6 Increased salinity 2 2 4 Low D.O. 0 5 0 Comments investigate what period of time estuary mouth is open during critical periods of movement investigate movement patterns of adults and juveniles to clarify specific temporal movement requirements surveys to establish density and structure of N. cleaveri population upstream and downstream of this site would enable clarification of species status surveys to establish the presence of suitable wetland or riverine drought refugia translocation sites within the Corangamite CMA region further data required to determine whether this species undertakes a true aestivation period

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 29

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3.3.4 Australian Grayling Table 19. Prioritisation of Australian Grayling in Barwon River Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Loss of seasonal flows 8 7 56 6(i) Investigate possibility of environmental flow event (ii) Review operational guidelines for EWR Reduction of flow volumes 8 6 48 6(i) Investigate possibility of environmental flow event (ii) Review operational guidelines for EWR 9 (ii) Provide flushing flows over summer months Instream barriers to migration 8 5 40 1(ii) Investigate potential to construct fishway Maintain/modify existing fishway Low D.O. 6 6 36 6(i) Investigate possibility of environmental flow event (ii) Review operational guidelines for EWR 9 (ii) Provide flushing flows over summer months Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 4 16 Algal blooms (nutrification) 4 4 16 Habitat changes due to low flow 4 4 16 Reduced flooding 4 4 16 Reduction of water-table levels 4 2 8 Loss of floodplain connectivity 2 2 4 Increased salinity 2 2 4 Loss of wetlands 1 2 2 Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 8 0 0

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 30

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 20. Prioritisation of Australian Grayling in Barham River Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary 8 8 64 4(i) Investigate the use or EEMSS for potential opening opening Reduction of flow volumes 8 6 48 Encourage the use of offstream storages filled during high flow (non-critical) periods Loss of seasonal flows 8 5 40 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 6 24 3(vii) Introduce suitable instream habitat Low D.O. 6 4 24 Instream barriers to migration 8 2 16 Habitat changes due to low flow 4 4 16 Reduction of water-table levels 4 2 8 Reduced flooding 4 2 8 Loss of floodplain connectivity 2 2 4 Increased salinity 2 2 4 Loss of wetlands 1 2 2 Algal blooms (nutrification) 4 0 0

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 31

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 21. Prioritisation of Australian Grayling in Gellibrand River Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3) Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary 8 8 64 4(i) Investigate the use or EEMSS for potential opening opening Reduction of flow volumes 8 7 56 Encourage the use of offstream storages filled during high flow (non-critical) periods Loss of seasonal flows 8 5 40 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 4 16 3(i) Exclude stock & encourage offstream watering 3(ii) Revegetate riparian zones 3(iii) Develop riparian rehabilitation plan 3(vii) Introduce suitable instream habitat Instream barriers to migration 8 2 16 Reduction of water-table levels 4 4 16 Reduced flooding 4 2 8 Loss of floodplain connectivity 2 2 4 Habitat changes due to low flow 4 1 4 Loss of wetlands 1 3 3 Algal blooms (nutrification) 4 0 0 Increased salinity 2 0 0 Low D.O. 6 6 36

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 32

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 22. Prioritisation of Australian Grayling in Aire River Drought associated threat Impact Severity at this Total score Management options recommended (0–8) site (0–8) (column 2 3)

Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 8 8 64 4(i) Investigate the use or EEMSS for potential opening Low D.O. 6 7 42 Reduction of flow volumes 8 5 40 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 4 16 Habitat changes due to low flow 4 4 16 Loss of floodplain connectivity 2 3 6 Reduction of water-table levels 4 1 4 Loss of wetlands 1 4 4 Instream barriers to migration 8 0 0 Loss of seasonal flows 8 0 0 Algal blooms (nutrification) 4 0 0 Increased salinity 2 0 0

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 33

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3.4 Threats, triggers and recommended actions for each site, as well as potential consequences of a ‘no-action’ approach Table 23. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Yarra Pygmy Perch in the Curdies River downstream of Limestone Creek and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 1,4 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 2,7 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 3.6 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 5 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 5 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 8 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 34

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 24. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Yarra Pygmy Perch in Sutherland Creek and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 1.6 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 2,4 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 3,5 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 7 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 7 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 8 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 35

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 25. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Yarra Pygmy Perch in Woady Yalloak Creek–Cressy and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 1,5 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 2,6 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 3,4 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 7 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 7 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 8 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 36

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 26. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Yarra Pygmy Perch in Thompson Creek at Rices Reserve and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 1,5 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 2,4 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 3,7 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 6 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 6 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 8 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 37

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 27. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Yarra Pygmy Perch in the Pennyroyal Creek–Upper Barwon Catchment and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 1,4 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 2,5 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 3,6 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 7 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 7 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 8 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 38

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 28. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Yarra Pygmy Perch in Thompson Creek at Pettavel Rd and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 1,5 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 2,4 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 3,7 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 6 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 6 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 8 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 39

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 29. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Yarra Pygmy Perch in Waurn Ponds Creek (Bailey St to Pioneer Rd, Grovedale) and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 1,4 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 2,5 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 3,7 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 6 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 6 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 40

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 30. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Yarra Pygmy Perch in the Barwon River at Pollocksford and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 1,6 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 2,4 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 3,5 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 7 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 7 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 8 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 41

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 31. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Dwarf Galaxias in the Barwon River (East Birregurra–Forest Rd, Barwon Downs) and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 1,9 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 2,7 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Water quality anticipated to reach critical levels during summer 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water months if drought conditions continue. Potential for fish kills 1. Delivery of water to site source possible for sedentary species restricted to pool environments Deterioration of water D.O. ≤ 4 mg/L 3. Deploy remote access continuous D.O., E.C. & (e.g. Dwarf Galaxias, Yarra Pygmy Perch). For migratory quality (D.O., temp., 2. Deploy temporary continuous WQ logger 3 Salinity ≥ 20 000 E.C. temperature logger with remote access species (e.g. Australian Grayling and Australian Mudfish), loss E.C.) through reduction or utilise Waterwatch as monitors Temperature ≥ 28 oC 4. Implement management plan utilising tolerances as (death) or net movement out of location to sites with more of flow volume 3. Define management criteria and water targets suitable conditions may occur. delivery options 5. Determine tolerance of species to low D.O., high E.C. and temperature (adults, juveniles, eggs and larvae) 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 4 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 42

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 32. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Dwarf Galaxias in Gosling Creek and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 4 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected. 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 5 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 43

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 33. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Australian Mudfish in Aire River (and associated drainage lines) and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 4 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 4 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 5 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected. For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 3 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 7 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 44

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 34. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Australian Mudfish in Barwon River wetland at Belmont Common and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 1,3 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 2,5 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 4 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 4 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary If the barrier is a complete restriction to movement, extinction of species which require access to estuarine or marine 1. Investigate feasibility of barrier removal environments is anticipated upstream of barrier. For other Instream barriers to or modification to allow passage 1. Investigate impact of barriers in preventing species species, restricted movement may prevent a proportion of the 6 Presence of instream barrier migration access to more secure habitat population from accessing preferred habitats for 2. Remove/modify barrier (dependent on 1.) feeding/breeding, etc, leading to an overall decline in population abundance and ability to withstand additional catastrophic events.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 45

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 35. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Australian Mudfish in Calder River and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 46

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 36. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Australian Mudfish in Wye River and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Investigate seasonal flow levels required to maintain estuary If estuarine opening is not achieved over consecutive years 1. Investigate potential to manipulate Low flows preventing mouth opening and the potential to provide an EWR at levels during critical times of the year, eventual loss of fish species Closure of estuary mouth during estuary mouth opening utilising EEMSS 1 river mouth/estuary appropriate to facilitate access. reliant on access to estuarine or marine environments as a species critical migratory period opening necessary component of their life cycle is probable.

Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 2 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 2 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary If the barrier is a complete restriction to movement, extinction of species which require access to estuarine or marine 1. Investigate feasibility of barrier removal environments is anticipated upstream of barrier. For other Instream barriers to or modification to allow passage 1. Investigate impact of barriers in preventing species species, restricted movement may prevent a proportion of the 3 Presence of instream barrier migration access to more secure habitat population from accessing preferred habitats for feeding and 2. Remove/modify barrier (dependent on 1.) breeding etc, leading to an overall decline in population abundance and ability to withstand additional catastrophic events. Loss of wetlands and 1. Determine collaborative funding 1. Develop set of design principles and requirements Amount of habitat available to fish population may gradually 4 N/A floodplain connectivity opportunities and key works locations 2. Commence planning and design of suitable wetlands decline if drought conditions continue. 1. Investigate level of extraction in area If water table levels continue to decline through drought Reduction of water table 1. Investigate relationship between extraction levels and 5 Continuing decline of levels and develop management strategies to conditions and/or continued extraction levels, surface water levels capacity to recharge as well as extent of area affected. address decline tributaries and wetlands likely to be directly affected. For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 6 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 47

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 37. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Australian Grayling in Barwon River and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system 1 N/A continued loss is likely to cause further decline in numbers or flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Water quality anticipated to reach critical levels during summer 1. Delivery of water to site 1. Deploy remote access continuous D.O., E.C. & months if drought conditions continue. Potential for fish kills Deterioration of water temperature logger with remote access DO ≤ 4 mg/L possible for sedentary species restricted to pool environments quality (D.O., temp., 2. Deploy temporary continuous WQ logger 2. Implement management plan utilising tolerances as 2,4 Salinity ≥ 20 000 E.C. (e.g. Dwarf Galaxias, Yarra Pygmy Perch). For migratory E.C.) through reduction or utilise Waterwatch as monitors targets Temperature ≥ 28 oC species (e.g. Australian Grayling and Australian Mudfish), loss of flow volume 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Determine tolerance of species to low D.O., high E.C. and (death) or net movement out of location to sites with more delivery options temperature (adults, juveniles, eggs and larvae) suitable conditions may occur. If the barrier is a complete restriction to movement, extinction of species which require access to estuarine or marine 1. Investigate feasibility of barrier removal environments is anticipated upstream of barrier. For other Instream barriers to or modification to allow passage 1. Investigate impact of barriers in preventing species species, restricted movement may prevent a proportion of the 3 Presence of instream barrier migration access to more secure habitat population from accessing preferred habitats for 2. Remove/modify barrier (dependent on 1.) feeding/breeding etc, leadi ng to an overall decline in population abundance and ability to withstand additional catastrophic events.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 48

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 38. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Australian Grayling in Barham River and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Investigate seasonal flow levels required to maintain If estuarine opening is not achieved over consecutive years during 1. Investigate potential to manipulate Low flows preventing estuary mouth opening and the potential to provide critical times of the year, eventual loss of fish species reliant on access Closure of estuary mouth during estuary mouth opening utilising EEMSS 1 river mouth/estuary an EWR at levels appropriate to facilitate access. to estuarine or marine environments as a necessary component of their species critical migratory period opening life cycle is probable.

Water quality anticipated to rea ch critical levels during summer months 1. Delivery of water to site 1. Deploy remote access continuous D.O., E.C. & temperature Deterioration of water if drought conditions continue. Potential for fish kills possible for D.O. ≤ 4 mg/L 2. Deploy temporary continuous WQ logger logger with remote access quality (D.O., temp., sedentary species restricted to pool environments (e.g. Dwarf Galaxias, 2,5 Salinity ≥ 20 000 E.C. or utilise Waterwatch as monitors 2. Implement management plan utilising tolerances as targets E.C.) through reduction Yarra Pygmy Perch). For migratory species (e.g. Australian Grayling Temperature ≥ 28 oC 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Determine tolerance of species to low D.O., high E.C. and of flow volume and Australian Mudfish), loss (death) or net movement out of location delivery options temperature (adults, juveniles, eggs and larvae) to sites with more suitable conditions may occur. For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), continued loss is 3 N/A flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR likely to cause further decline in numbers or extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually decline if Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of drought conditions continue. Concentration of remaining fish into 4 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments plant species limited habitat will incre ase competition and aggression/predation from degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased ecosystem Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate accordingly. 4 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary If the barrier is a complete restriction to movement, extinction of 1. Investigate feasibility of barrier removal species which require access to estuarine or marine environments is Instream barriers to or modification to allow passage 1. Investigate impact of barriers in preventing species anticipated upstream of barrier. For other species, restricted movement 6 Presence of instream barrier migration access to more secure habitat may prevent a proportion of the population from accessing preferred 2. Remove/modify barrier (dependent on 1.) habitats for feeding/breeding etc, leading to an overall decline in population abundance and ability to withstand catastrophic events. 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition and Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as aggression/predation from exotic species. 7 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 49

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 39. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Australian Grayling in the Gellibrand River and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Investigate seasonal flow levels required to maintain If estuarine opening is not achieved over consecutive years during 1. Investigate potential to manipulate Low flows preventing estuary mouth opening and the potential to provide critical times of the year, eventual loss of fish species reliant on Closure of estuary mouth during estuary mouth opening utilising EEMSS 1 river mouth/estuary an EWR at levels appropriate to facilitate access. access to estuarine or marine environments as a necessary species critical migratory period opening component of their life cycle is probable.

Water quality anticipated to reach critical levels during summer 1. Delivery of water to site 1. Deploy remote access continuous D.O., E.C. & temperature months if drought conditions continue. Potential for fish kills Deterioration of water D.O. ≤ 4 mg/L logger with remote access possible for sedentary species restricted to pool environments (e.g. quality (D.O., temp., 2. Deploy temporary continuous WQ logger 2,5 Salinity ≥ 20 000 E.C. 2. Implement management plan utilising tolerances as targets Dwarf Galaxias, Yarra Pygmy Perch). For migratory species (e.g. E.C.) through reduction or utilise Waterwatch as monitors Temperature ≥ 28 oC 3. Determine tolerance of species to low D.O., high E.C. and Australian Grayling and Australian Mudfish), loss (death) or net of flow volume 3. Define management criteria and water temperature (adults, juveniles, eggs and larvae) movement out of location to sites with more suitable conditions may delivery options occur. For species dependent upon seasonal flows as spawning triggers and Loss of seasonal and 1. Investigate potential for EWR at 1. Investigate level of water extraction within the system successful recruitment (e.g. Australian Grayling), continued loss is 3 N/A flooding flows appropriate times of the year 2. Investigate potential for EWR likely to cause further decline in numbers or extinction of localised populations unless immigration from other catchments occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually decline Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and if drought conditions continue. Concentration of remaining fish into 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 4 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments limited habitat will increase competition and aggression/predation plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. Riparian vegetation on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased ecosystem Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 4 fragmentation / 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate accordingly. considered poor management strategy degradation works locations

3. Monitor effectiveness of actions and modify (if necessary) If the barrier is a complete restriction to movement, extinction of species which require access to estuarine or marine environments is anticipated upstream of barrier. For other species, restricted 1. Investigate feasibility of barrier removal movement may prevent a proportion of the population from Instream barriers to or modification to allow passage 1. Investigate impact of barriers in preventing species 6 Presence of instream barrier accessing preferred habitats for feeding/breeding etc, leading to an migration access to more secure habitat overall decline in population abundance and ability to withstand 2. Remove/modify barrier (dependent on 1.) additional catastrophic events.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 50

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Table 40. Prioritised threats, triggers and actions to Australian Grayling in the Aire River and potential effects to this population if no action is taken for each threat

Drought associated Priority Trigger Short-term actions (prioritised) Medium-term actions to improve resilience (prioritised) Potential risk to species if threat not addressed threat 1. Investigate seasonal flow levels required to maintain If estuarine opening is not achieved over consecutive years 1. Investigate potential to manipulate Low flows preventing estuary mouth opening and the potential to provide during critical times of the year, eventual loss of fish species Closure of estuary mouth during estuary mouth opening utilising EEMSS 1 river mouth/estuary an EWR at levels appropriate to facilitate access. reliant on access to estuarine or marine environments as a species critical migratory period opening necessary component of their life cycle is probable.

Water quality anticipated to r each critical levels during summer 1. Delivery of water to site 1. Deploy remote access continuous D.O., E.C. & months if drought conditions continue. Potential for fish kills Deterioration of water temperature logger with remote access DO ≤ 4 mg/L possible for sedentary species restricted to pool environments quality (D.O., temp., 2. Deploy temporary continuous WQ logger 2. Implement management plan utilising tolerances as 2,3 Salinity ≥ 20 000 E.C. (e.g. Dwarf Galaxias, Yarra Pygmy Perch). For migratory E.C.) through reduction or utilise Waterwatch as monitors targets Temperature ≥ 28 oC species (e.g. Australian Grayling and Australian Mudfish), loss of flow volume 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Determine tolerance of species to low D.O., high E.C. and (death) or net movement out of location to sites with more delivery options temperature (adults, juveniles, eggs and larvae) suitable conditions may occur. Quality of habitat available to fish population may gradually Instream habitat Declining condition and 1. Conduct macrophyte condition and decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration of 1. Determine biological requirements and tolerances of 4 fragmentation / abundance and/or 50% available abundance assessments remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition plant species degradation habitat 2. Determine monitoring program and aggression/predation from exotic species (particularly Dwarf Galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch). 1. Establish links with landholder and provide information Riparian condition likely to further deteriorate under drought 1. Determine cause of degradation (i.e. on objectives and methodologies. conditions leading to habitat degradation and decreased Riparian vegetation Condition of riparian vegetation unrestricted stock access) and prepare 2. Investigate collaborative funding opportunities at key ecosystem resilience. Fish populations likely to deteriorate 4 fragmentation / considered poor management strategy works locations accordingly. degradation 3. Monitor any actions to assess effectiveness and modify if necessary 1. Weekly check in drought conditions or 1. Undertake channel deepening and lining Amount and quality of habitat available to fish population may utilise Waterwatch as monitors where required gradually decline if drought conditions continue. Concentration Only 1 m depth in larger pools 2. Conduct bathymetry surveys 2. Continuous level logger with remote access of remaining fish into limited habitat will increase competition Habitat changes due to and/or 50% available habitat 3. Define management criteria and water 3. Implement management plan utilising water level as and aggression/predation from exotic species. 5 low flow & less water delivery options targets volume 1. Investigate raising level by sand-bagging/weir wall Only 30 cm depth in larger pools 1. Delivery of water to site 2. Investigate provision of more reliable/accessible water As above. source

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 51

CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

4. Summaries and management options 4.1 Yarra Pygmy Perch Table 41. Summarised priority threats for Yarra Pygmy Perch

Site priority (1–8)

Drought associated threat Waurn Ponds Thompsons Barwon Pennyroyal Curdies Sutherland Woady Yallock Thompsons Ck Ck R. Ck R. Ck Ck Ck Habitat changes due to low flow 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 Loss of wetlands 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 Loss of seasonal flows 5 5 1 1 2 1 2 5 Loss of floodplain connectivity 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 Reduction of flow volumes 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 Reduced flooding 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 Habitat fragmentation 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 (riparian and instream)

Numerous Yarra Pygmy Perch populations have been detected in the Corangamite region, including relatively isolated populations in Sutherland Creek (a tributary of the Moorabool River), Woori Yallock Creek, Gnarkeet Creek and Curdies River. A number of scattered populations have also been recorded within the Barwon catchment (including Waurn Ponds Creek, Pennyroyal Creek and middle and upper Barwon River reaches) while a large self-sustaining population exists in Thompson Creek. The sites with highest conservation significance were the Sutherland Creek, Woori Yallock Creek at Cressy and Curdies River at Limestone Creek, followed by populations in Thompson Creek at Horseshoe Bend and Pettavel Road. Of the populations in the Barwon River catchment, it was recognised that populations in the upper catchment, such as at Pennyroyal Creek, is likely to be important to conserve, while the large population in Waurn Ponds Creek (between Barwon Heads Road and Torquay Road and between Torquay Road and Rossack Road) was considered to be relatively secure but considered to be a valuable site for the Corangamite CMA to promote Yarra Pygmy Perch as an important conservation species to encourage greater community ownership of catchment restoration works. 4.1.1 Waurn Ponds Creek The Yarra Pygmy Perch population of Waurn Ponds Creek was considered to be the most valuable by the panel due to its proximity to Geelong and potential to be used as a habitat restoration mascot. It should be noted that Waurn Ponds Creek was scored highest only when the ‘Additional values’ category was included in the accumulative score. While the system is essentially ephemeral, stormwater runoff has provided water security at specific pools along the urbanised lower reaches. It was also thought that with such a large population and an eager catchment restoration group already in place, that a conservation wetland would have a high chance of success. A conservation wetland would provide greater long-term survival prospects for the Yarra Pygmy Perch, but also provide the perfect avenue for the Corangamite CMA to promote Yarra Pygmy Perch as an important conservation species to encourage greater community ownership of catchment restoration works.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 52 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Stream reaches between Barwon Heads Road and Torquay Road and between Torquay Road and Rossack Road were considered the most important sites to maintain and to obtain restoration funds. Loss of wetlands was the primary threat identified at this site. It is therefore recommended that the feasibility of using council reserve land adjoining Waurn Ponds Creek be investigated as a site for either: 1. Creation of an offstream wetland complex, which can be managed to maintain sufficient depth (and therefore water levels) over drought periods (if funding exists) 2. Creation of an instream deep water habitat through construction of a sand-bagged/plastic-lined weir wall or similar structure at appropriate site. Note that Melbourne Water has been successfully deepening some sites in order to increase the sites water carrying capacity. Habitat change due to low flow was considered by the workshop group as the second most significant threat. Considering that a significant proportion of inflow to Waurn Ponds Creek results from stormwater inflow, it is considered vital that appropriate management personnel at the City of Greater Geelong as well as Vicroads are made aware of the importance of maintaining or, if possible, supplementing stormwater outfalls to Waurn Ponds Creek. Ensuring this supply will also assist in addressing the three threats which attained an equal rating as third most significant threat (loss of floodplain connectivity, reduction in flow volumes and reduced flooding). 4.1.2 Thompson Creek Recent surveys have confirmed that the Thompson Creek population of Yarra Pygmy Perch continue to survive, despite an extended period of low flow over at least the last ten years. The sites at Horseshoe Bend (Rices Reserve) and at Pettavel Road were identified as key management locations due to the comparative large population sizes and larger pools that persist at this location. Habitat changes due to low flow was the highest ranked threat at this site, followed by loss of wetlands (ranked second) followed in equal ranking by loss of floodplain connectivity, reduction of flow volumes and reduced flooding. Unfortunately, without upstream storages from which environmental flows can be accessed, these threats are very difficult to manage. Continuous water quality monitoring, further exploration of key instream habitat association and a suitable adaptive management strategy were identified as important management actions required for these populations. It was also identified that an active catchment group in the area could be encouraged to participate further in these conservation activities. 4.1.3 Upper Barwon catchment (including Pennyroyal Creek) The Yarra Pygmy Perch population in the upper Barwon River catchment appears to be quite extensive with the species recorded at sites within the main river (at Deepdene Road, Pollocksford Road, Kildean Road, near Inverleigh and west of Murgheboluc) and in the upper tributary of Pennyroyal Creek. While only relatively few Yarra Pygmy Perch have previously been captured in the large pools of the Barwon River sites, it is likely that many more of the species occur throughout this reach. Habitat changes due to low flow and loss of seasonal flows were equally ranked as the most significant threat to this species. The water storages at the top of the Barwon River system provide greater flexibility and potential for environmental water allocation. As a nationally threatened species, the environmental requirements of Yarra Pygmy Perch should be explored in more detail to determine if improvements can be made to the environmental water delivery to key populations. The site with the most consistent and sustained population appears to occur at Pollocksford Road. As such this location was selected as one of the key conservation and restoration locations on the Barwon River. Education activities including signage and other communication with the local recreational

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 53 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

angling community and management of instream vegetation (known to be important Yarra Pygmy Perch habitat) are identified and key management activities for this location. The large population of Yarra Pygmy Perch immediately below the offtake weir on Pennyroyal Creek was identified as the other key population to manage in the upper Barwon River catchment. Loss of wetlands and seasonal flow, as well as habitat changes due to low flow were identified as top order threats to Yarra Pygmy Perch at both Pennyroyal Creek and in the upper Barwon River catchment. Consequently, the exploration of large offstream conservation wetlands in the lower margins of this system is considered to be an important management consideration. A re-assessment of the environmental water requirements and water quality monitoring should be undertaken at this location, including a provision to deliver water when water quality conditions approach specific trigger points (particularly DO). 4.1.4 Curdies River The Curdies River catchment population of Yarra Pygmy Perch was the fourth most important population identified in the Corangamite catchment. It was thought that due to the comparatively higher rainfall in this region, greater water security in this system was likely. Like the majority of other sites where this species occur, loss of wetlands was ranked as the most significant threat, followed by habitat changes due to low flow, loss of seasonal flow and loss of floodplain connectivity. Unfortunately, there are no significant impoundments in the upper reaches of the Curdies River system that could be used to facilitate an environmental water release. Consequently, only minor alterations to flows may be achieved through consultation with landholders who take water from the system for stock or domestic purposes. These volumes should be investigated to determine whether landholders pump significant quantities of water from this system and if so, actions may include encouraging the construction of offstream water storage facilities (dams or tanks) that are filled at a time of the year which will have a lesser impact on this species. Additionally, an investigation into whether instream impoundments (such as farm dams) further upstream may be restricting the supply of seasonal water flows to this site may be advised. While there is not likely to be much local community support for extensive conservation activities in this catchment, key populations such as downstream from Limestone Creek (and lower Scotts Creek) and at Curdie were considered priority sites to undertake revegetation and stock exclusion works to complement similar activities within the catchment. 4.1.5 Sutherland Creek The newly identified Yarra Pygmy Perch population at Sutherland Creek was also considered to be worthy of conservation priority. Habitat changes due to low flow and Loss of seasonal flows were rated as the top threats to Yarra Pygmy Perch at this site with Loss of wetlands being the third most significant threat. Opportunities for supplementing water levels through environmental flows are not available at this site although exploration of water supply opportunities, including the installation of a bore and necessary infrastructure to prove additional water at this pool when required should be investigated. Additional potential management activities include the maintenance and enhancement of revegetation and stock exclusion fencing as well as water quality monitoring. The potential for relocation of some of this population to more secure wetlands upstream and the further investigation of potential Yarra Pygmy Perch habitat in Williamson Creek should also be further investigated.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 54 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

4.1.6 Woady Yallock and Gnarkeet creeks population Relatively small abundances of Yarra Pygmy Perch have been collected in Woady Yallock and Gnarkeet creeks. While detailed genetic integrity of YPP in this region has not been defined, it is likely that that this population has been isolated for some time, and is therefore likely to represent a unique form deserving of conservation management. Loss of wetlands was the top threat at this site, followed by habitat changes due to low flows and loss of seasonal flows. The Woady Yallock Creek pool at Cressy was considered to be the most appropriate site to focus conservation activities, such as the involvement of the local school community to undertake catchment monitoring. It is also recommended that investigation of alternative water supplies, including the installing of a bore be undertaken. The upper Woady Yallock catchment is in good condition and has a good vegetation cover. The potential of further Yarra Pygmy Perch populations further upstream should also be explored. The habitat condition, lack of water security and potential for habitat restoration of the Gnarkeet Creek site was, however, considered to be poor and not worthy of significant restoration effort. 4.1.7 Saint Georges River A single capture in Saint Georges River below Allen Reservoir indicated that a population of Yarra Pygmy Perch may exist in this reservoir. Further investigation as to the extent and distribution of this population is warranted to determine their population status and threats. 4.1.8 Summary of management options for Yarra Pygmy Perch Regular or continuous water quality monitoring key sites and water delivery strategies were highlighted as the most important management tasks identified. Important water quality parameters include D.O., E.C. and stormwater runoff parameters, such as turbidity, phosphorous and nitrogen and others, that may need to be determined by the types of industrial process occurring in the catchment. Where upstream water sources as not available, alternative water sources include trucking water tankers to the site or establishing a bore and necessary pump and infrastructure required to extract the groundwater. An adaptive management strategy would be required to be developed where water quality triggers could be used to indicate when additional water is required to freshen the important pool habitat. Offstream conservation wetlands were also identified as important drought management strategies. These wetlands would provide greater protection of the Yarra Pygmy Perch populations from large scale catastrophic events and extended low flow periods and would also provide the ideal setting to encourage community participation and undertake community education programs. Stock exclusion fencing and riparian re-vegetation are also important management activities for Yarra Pygmy Perch populations. The protection of riparian and instream habitat is thought important, as greater habitat abundance and diversity is likely to provide a greater niche for a larger fish population. Active management of emergent and submergent aquatic plants is likely to be an important habitat maintenance strategy given the reliance of Yarra Pygmy Perch for this form of habitat. 4.1.9 Additional research The genetic integrity of the Yarra Pygmy Perch populations requires further investigation to determine the relative divergence and importance of each population , such as those that have potentially been isolated for some time including the Woady Yallock and Gnarkeet creeks populations. The potential exists to undertake remote sensing investigations of other habitat in the vicinity to identify other potential Yarra Pygmy Perch habitat for further survey assessment. Additionally, the Index of Wetlands Condition and Index of Stream Condition assessment programs could be utilised to

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 55 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

further identify other potential Yarra Pygmy Perch habitat. Potential populations in Williamson Creek and in the Allen Reservoir of the Saint Georges River are two surveys that should be undertaken. The maximum tolerance of Yarra Pygmy Perch to specific water quality parameters (such as for D.O., E.C., temperature and stormwater pollutants) also needs to be established to enable the more effective trigger points to be developed. Habitat association trials should also be conducted to provide greater guidance on the type and density of aquatic habitat required to support an abundant Yarra Pygmy Perch population.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 56 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

4.2 Dwarf Galaxias Principal threats to Dwarf Galaxias populations within the Corangamite CMA region were established during the workshop and are included in the following table of top three threats for this species: Table 42. Prioritised threats for Dwarf Galaxias established during the workshop

Drought associated threat Site priority (1-3) Barwon Gosling River. Creek Loss of wetlands 1 1 Loss of seasonal flows 2 2 Reduction of flow volumes 3 Algal blooms 3

Two Dwarf Galaxias populations have been detected in the upper Barwon River catchment at Gosling Creek and in the Barwon River at Barwon Downs. The Barwon River site was considered most significant for this species due to a relatively large population and presence of Yarra Pygmy Perch at this location. However, it was also noted in the workshop that populations higher in the catchment deserve greater consideration due to their natural re-stocking potential. 4.2.1 Barwon River The Barwon River site was considered most significant for this species due to a range of factors which include the relatively large population at this site (a total of 23 individuals were captured at this location during November 2008) combined with the additional presence of Yarra Pygmy Perch at this location. Loss of wetlands was considered by the workshop panel to be the most significant threat to Dwarf Galaxias at the Barwon River site as well as at the Gosling Creek site. At both locations, land is predominantly privately owned, passing through a cleared rural landscape with riparian zones in a relatively degraded condition. The provision of additional wetland habitat for this species will rely on the participation of the landholder at this site. Consequently, actions aimed at reinstating this habitat that should be considered include: 1. Liaising with landholders to provide educational information on Dwarf Galaxias and their specific requirements with a view to investigating the potential for wetland reinstatement on private land. This may include removal or set-back of any bank levees in order to reinstate the natural floodplain area. 2. Consideration should be given to creating an instream deep water habitat through construction of a sand-bagged/plastic lined weir wall or similar structure at appropriate site. Note that Melbourne Water have been successfully deepening some sites in order to increase the water carrying capacity (and thereby ensuring a drought refuge area) of specific sites. 3. Investigate the potential to provide increased flows during appropriate times of the year which will assist the formation and maintenance of wetland areas. Liaise with water authorities to ensure Stream Flow Management Plans (SFMP) take floodplain connectivity into consideration where practicable. Wetlands dependent entirely upon catchment runoff should

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 57 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

also be considered when advising landholders on adverse effects of dam construction or alteration of natural drainage lines. 4. Under ideal circumstances, the construction of additional wetlands adjacent to the Barwon River should be considered with a view to securing a drought refuge area which can be used as key conservation management location as well as for educational purposes. The second most significant threat established during the workshop for the Barwon River site is the loss of seasonal flows (this is also the second most significant threat for Gosling Creek). Seasonal flows maintain natural flow peaks (which are vital in ensuring appropriate water levels in adjacent wetlands) and smaller temporary pools (which are often used by G. pusilla as habitat). Unfortunately, there are no significant impoundments in the upper reaches of the east branch of the Barwon River system that could be used to facilitate an environmental water release for this species (the only nearby impoundment is on the east branch of the Barwon River). Consequently, only minor alterations to flows could be achieved through consultation with landholders who take water from the system for stock or domestic purposes. The volumes of water that are extracted from the Barwon River upstream of this point should therefore be investigated to determine whether landholders pump significant quantities of water from this system. If significant volumes are found to be extracted from the system, actions may include encouraging the construction of offstream water storage facilities (dams or tanks) that are filled at a time of the year that will have a lesser impact on this species. Additionally, an investigation should be undertaken into whether instream impoundments (such as farm dams) further upstream may be restricting the supply of seasonal water flows to this site. The reduction in flow volume constitutes the least of three threats to the continued survival of G. pusilla at this site. Actions addressing this threat are the same as those for loss of seasonal flows (see above). 4.2.2 Gosling Creek The Gosling Creek Dwarf Galaxias population was discovered in May 2007 where a total of nine individuals were captured. This constitutes a moderate population at a site which (like the Barwon River population) runs through degraded farmland which is subject to unrestricted stock access and a degraded riparian zone. The top two threats assessed at Gosling Creek are the same as those assessed at the Barwon River site. Considering the similarity in catchment level, site characteristics and presumed flow regimes, management actions for these two threats at this site are identical to those for the Barwon River site (see above). The third most significant threat at this site differs from that of the Barwon River population and is represented by the potential for algal blooms arising from the increased nutrient input from unrestricted stock access combined with the absence of a shading riparian zone. These factors are likely to contribute to ideal conditions for algal blooms during summer months when high water temperatures, high light conditions and reduced water levels occur. Actions aimed at reducing the potential for algal blooms include: 1. Establishing water quality monitoring sites at this site (utilising Waterwatch if practicable) to ensure that conditions likely to encourage algal blooms are anticipated. 2. Providing water of appropriate quality during critical summer periods and/or extreme low flow period where reduced volume may impact on Dwarf Galaxias through provision of flushing flows (freshes) during critical summer periods. Liaising with the landholder is critical for this action, as an offstream dam that sits on an adjacent drainage line running into Gosling Creek above this site is present and may (with landholders’ permission) be used to provide additional water to the site

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 58 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

3. Consider the feasibility of supplementing low water levels within this pool environment through the transport of bulk water. 4. Long-term actions to minimise nutrient runoff, including fencing off streams to restrict cattle access and encouraging the active revegetation of riparian zones to provide effective filtering of nutrient rich catchment runoff. 4.2.3 Additional research The genetic integrity of Dwarf Galaxias populations requires further investigation to determine the relative divergence and importance of each population. The potential exists to undertake remote sensing investigations of other habitat in the vicinity to identify other potential Dwarf Galaxias habitat for further survey assessment. Additionally, the Index of Wetlands Condition and Index of Stream Condition assessment programs could be utilised to further identify potential sites. The maximum tolerance of Dwarf Galaxias to specific water quality parameters (such as for D.O., E.C., temperature and stormwater pollutants) also needs to be established to enable the more effective trigger points to be developed. Although this species is known to be able to withstand periods of time when surface water is absent (similar to a form of aestivation), the specific length of time it is able to do so and the habitat characteristics which assist this behaviour are largely unknown. This information will assist in the management of this species.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 59 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

4.3 Australian Mudfish Principal threats to Australian Mudfish populations within the Corangamite CMA region were established during the workshop and are included in the following table of top three threats for this species: Table 43. Prioritised threats for Australian Mudfish established during the workshop

Drought associated threat Site priority (1–4) Aire R. Barwon R. Calder R. Wye R. Loss of wetlands 1 1 1 Low flows preventing river mouth opening 2 2 1 Loss of seasonal flows 2 Loss of floodplain connectivity 3 3 3 4 Habitat fragmentation (riparian and instream) 4 4 4 2 Instream barriers to migration 6 3 Reduced flooding 5

The Aire River mudfish population was considered to be the most significant population of this species due to the numbers of individuals that are regularly captured. This population is a composite of sites located adjacent to the main river channel in the form of drainage lines and shallow wetland running through grazed pasture. Additionally, with the Aire River classified as a Heritage River, additional significance was placed on this site. The Calder River, Wye River and Belmont Common wetland (Barwon River) sites were afforded a lower population structure classification because of the low number of individuals captured at each of these locations. However, the Belmont Common population was significant in being located within the central Geelong area, providing the potential to be used as a habitat restoration mascot. 4.3.1 Aire River Loss of wetland habitat was rated as the most significant threat to this species at the Aire River site as it was for the Barwon and Calder rivers sites. At least two of the sites within this general area are known to be spring fed. This affords the population some respite from drought conditions, however continuing low inflow periods are likely to impact groundwater levels and ultimately spring fed flows. Additionally, increased extraction from the aquifer is also likely to impact these flows. It is therefore recommended that the relationship between spring-fed flows, aquifer levels and aquifer extraction rates be investigated. The Aire River sites are located on private land, which is vulnerable to the impacts of unrestricted stock access and physical disturbance from farm works. Landholder liaison is therefore considered an essential component in the management of habitat supporting this species and is strongly recommended. Investigating the potential for reinstatement of wetland habitat on private land should also be investigated at appropriate sites. This is likely to address (in part) the loss of floodplain connectivity, which was identified as a threat at this site. Low flows preventing the opening of the river mouth was the second most severe threat to this species. While the exact degree to which this closure operates at the Aire River estuary mouth is unknown it is strongly recommended that the EEMSS be consulted to assess likely closure periods as well as any other impacts that may result in entrance manipulation.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 60 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

4.3.2 Barwon River (Belmont Common) The Belmont Common site is a shallow drainage channel situated on the north-east side of the Barwon Valley Golf range. This wetland receives runoff from the golf links and supports a dense assemblage of aquatic vegetation, which provides this species with abundant cover. Threats at this site have been identified as including the loss of wetlands, as well as loss of seasonal flow and loss of floodplain connectivity in descending priority order. While it is unlikely that the Barwon River would receive environmental flows sufficient to substantially improve the level of floodplain connectivity and reinstate seasonal flows to this site, it is important to ensure that this site is monitored over summer and autumn months to enable any critical water level periods to be identified. It may be possible to pump water directly from the Barwon River into these wetlands, as this site is only around 50 metres from the Barwon River main channel. Investigation of the option to utilise golf club infrastructure (i.e. pumps and hoses) may also be a feasible option. Expansion of this site (most likely in a northerly direction) may also be an option which should be fully investigated. This site is in an ideal location as a Waterwatch monitoring site that can be monitored in conjunction with a community or school based program. 4.3.3 Calder River Loss of wetland habitat was also rated as the most significant threat to this species at the Calder River site which faces identical threats to the Aire River population. This site is also spring fed which affords the population some respite from drought conditions, however, continuing low inflow periods are likely to impact groundwater levels and ultimately spring fed flows. Additionally, increased extraction from the aquifer is also likely to impact these flows. It is therefore recommended that the relationship between spring-fed flows, aquifer levels and aquifer extraction rates be investigated. This site is also located on private land which is vulnerable to the impacts of unrestricted stock access and physical disturbance from farm works, as well as physical drainage activities. Landholder liaison is therefore considered an essential component in the management of habitat supporting this species and is strongly recommended. Investigating the potential for reinstatement of wetland habitat on private land should also be investigated at appropriate sites. This is likely to address (in part) the loss of floodplain connectivity, which was identified as a threat at this site. Low flows preventing the opening of the river mouth was the second most severe threat to this species. It is strongly recommended that the EEMSS be consulted prior to any estuary flow management changes. 4.4.4 Wye River Low flows preventing river mouth opening to the sea is regarded as the most severe threat to Australian Mudfish at this site. The EEMSS program should be used to assess any options available, which may improve this access, as well as potential impacts resulting from any proposed actions. To a lesser extent, habitat fragmentation was regarded as a threat at this site. Investigating the potential for reinstating wetland habitat on private land should be investigated, keeping in consideration seasonal connection with the main channel so that seasonal flows are maintained.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 61 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

4.3.5 Additional Research Water quality tolerance levels (e.g. D.O., E.C. and temperature tolerances) for the Australian Mudfish need to be investigated so that appropriate water quality trigger levels can be established to aid in the management of this species. Additionally, the extent to which this species migrate (both as adults and juveniles) is largely unknown, as is the genetic integrity of disjunct populations. Undertaking remote sensing investigations of suitable wetland habitat within Corangamite area would be a valuable aid in determining whether additional populations of this species occur within the area. The Index of Wetlands Condition and Index of Stream Condition assessment programs could also be utilised to further identify potential sites. The dependence of this species on habitat that derives its water from either natural springs or groundwater requires investigation, as is the degree to which groundwater pumping affects habitat condition at these sites. Although this species is known to be able to withstand periods of time when surface water is absent (similar to a form of aestivation), the specific length of time it is able to do so and the habitat characteristics that assist this behaviour are largely unknown. This information will assist in the management of this species.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 62 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

4.4 Australian Grayling Principal threats to Australian Grayling populations within the Corangamite CMA region were established during the workshop and are included in the following table of top four (priority) threats for this species: Table 44. Prioritised threats for Australian Grayling established during the workshop

Drought associated threat Site priority (1–4) Barwon R. Barham R. Gellibrand R. Aire R. Low flows preventing river mouth/estuary opening 1 1 1 Reduction of flow volumes 2 2 2 3 Loss of seasonal flows 1 3 3 Low DO 4 2 Instream barriers to migration 3

Despite a lack of targeted surveys in the Corangamite CMA, Australian Grayling have been recorded over the past 20 years in a widespread range of Corangamite streams including the Barwon River, Erskine River, Cumberland River, Barham River, Skenes Creek, Saint Georges River, Wild Dog Creek, Wye River, Carisbrook Creek, Ford River, Kennett River and Grassy Creek. While captures in many of these streams may represent ‘vagrant’ Australian Grayling, larger perennial systems with sufficient spawning and feeding habitat and more secure stream flow, capable of supporting large Australian Grayling populations, include the Barwon River, Barham River, Gellibrand River and Aire River. 4.4.1 Barwon River Australian Grayling in the Barwon River represent the most well-researched population within Victorian waters with a total of fourteen surveys being conducted between 1997 and 1998. All sites surveyed were located around the confluence of the Moorabool River. Loss of flow seasonality was seen by workshop participants as the primary threat for the Barwon River Australian Grayling population, which was rated as the most significant population within the Corangamite CMA region. As with other flow-related threats, such as reduction in flow volume, specific management actions that are aimed at decreasing the level of this impact include investigating the potential to provide environmental flow events aimed at providing flow volume as close to natural levels as possible (particularly overbank flows). It is most important to initiate these flows during specific times of the year when they are likely to have the most impact. For Australian Grayling, the primary aim would be to introduce environmental flows immediately prior to the spawning time of between May to June when this species rely on high flows for triggers and appropriate nutrient flushes for successful recruitment. It is important to maintain these flows for a maximum permissible length of time to ensure that newly hatched Australian Grayling larvae are washed to estuarine and marine waters which they require in their early life stage. It may be advantageous to source historical pre-drought flow level/duration data if these are available. It would also be desirable to research historical flow records as well as Australian Grayling recruitment data to assess the links between the two. This would clarify the flow levels and duration necessary to initiate spawning and lead to optimal conditions for successful recruitment.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 63 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

The overall reduction in flow volume was ranked as the second most significant drought-related threat at the Barwon River (as well as at the Barham and Gellibrand rivers, while this threat was ranked third for the Aire River). This threat is closely linked to the loss of flow seasonality as impoundments situated further upstream, as well as numerous off-takes along the length of the river system, reduce both volume and the flow peaks associated with unregulated systems. While dry inflow conditions have a direct relationship with the reduction in flow volume, specific management actions may decrease the level of impact this threat has on Australian Grayling. Like actions for ameliorating the impacts of reduced flow seasonality, actions for this threat may include investigating the potential to provide environmental flow events (originating from the West Barwon or Wurdee Buloc reservoirs) aimed at providing flow volume as close to natural levels as possible (particularly overbank flows) during times of the year when these would naturally have occurred. For Australian Grayling, these flows are of most importance during the period immediately prior to the spawning time of between May to June when this species rely on high flows for triggers and appropriate nutrient flushes for successful recruitment. Note that it may be necessary to source historical flow level/duration data if these are available. Instream barriers to migration represent the third most significant threat in the Barwon River. This specifically relates to the effectiveness of the existing fishway on the Barwon River lower barrage to facilitate the upstream movement of juvenile Australian Grayling as they migrate into freshwater from the sea. It is highly recommended that a full assessment of the lower Barwon River barrage fishway be conducted with a view to: installing a more appropriate fishway capable of passing not only Australian Grayling, but the full range of species requiring passage over this structure; or modifying the existing structure for the same aims. The fourth threat at this site is considered to be low D.O. levels. Short-term actions to decrease the level of impact low D.O. has on Australian Grayling include: 1. Ensuring stream-flow management plans are up-to-date and takes water quality issues (particularly DO) into consideration. This should include the potential to provide environmental flow events (originating from the West Barwon or Wurdee Buloc reservoirs). 2. Establishing water quality monitoring sites at key locations (i.e. in the Barwon River immediately downstream of the Moorabool River confluence). 3. Providing water (flushing flows or freshes) during critical summer periods and/or extreme low flow periods when water quality triggers are reached (note the requirement to observe lead-up time periods for water delivery). This is particularly important where algal blooms or low D.O. levels threaten the health of Australian Grayling populations. 4. Consider supplementing low levels within pool environments through the transport of bulk water to specific refuge sites. Note: The provision of water to individual pools is not likely to be a viable option for this species, as volumes required are likely to be impractical unless they are restricted to a relatively small area. Long-term actions include: 1. Establishing a well-vegetated riparian zone containing trees of sufficient height to provide increased shading during summer periods. 2. Develop long-term water quality management strategies aimed at minimising catchment nutrient (and sediment) runoff, etc.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 64 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

4.4.2 Barham River Workshop participants concluded that the primary threat facing Australian Grayling populations in the Barham River to be the reduction of flows causing increased incidence of river mouth closure. For a species which has a marine larval phase, this is obviously of prime concern, particularly in smaller estuaries, which under current drought conditions do not receive sufficient freshwater inflow to facilitate connection to the sea. This factor is responsible for this threat being regarded as the most serious at three of the top four population sites (Barham River, Gellibrand River and Aire River). Only the Barwon River (which is permanently open to the sea) did not rank this threat highly. Addressing the issue of estuary closure is a complex problem requiring specialist advice as the consequences of artificial river mouth openings may carry a high risk of damage to the health of the estuary including mass fish kills (which have occurred in Victoria as a result of artificial openings being conducted under the wrong conditions). Additional risks include contributing to the long-term decline in estuary health as a result of impacts, such as premature drainage of wetlands. For these reasons, it is strongly recommended that the EEMSS be consulted prior to any alterations. Reduction of flow volumes was ranked as the second most significant threat in this river system. Unfortunately, there are no significant impoundments in the upper reaches of the Barham River system that could be used to facilitate an environmental water release for Australian Grayling during critical periods. Consequently, only minor alterations to flows could be achieved through consultation with landholders who take water from the system for stock or domestic purposes. The volumes of water that are extracted from the Barham River system should be investigated to determine whether landholders pump significant quantities of water from the system during May to June when this species rely on high flows as spawning triggers and larval drift. If significant volumes are being extracted from the system, actions may include encouraging the construction of offstream water storage facilities (dams or tanks) which are filled at a time of the year which will have a lesser impact on this species. Loss of seasonal flows was rated as the third most significant impact for this species at this site. Opportunities to alleviate this impact are limited for the same reasons as listed above (reduction of flow volumes). 4.4.3 Gellibrand River A high proportion of the Otway Coast Basins yield is derived from the Gellibrand River (~40%). Ranking for threats in the Gellibrand River were exactly the same as that of the Barham River (listed above), with low flows preventing river mouth opening being the most important threat, followed by reduction of flow volume and then loss of seasonal flows (in decreasing priority order). Recommendations for actions to address river mouth closures are the same as those for the Barham River system (see above), however, actions to address threats associated with both a reduction in flow volume and seasonality provide more scope. A number of water storages exist on the Gellibrand system, including the 2000 Ml capacity West Gellibrand Reservoir and the 136 Ml Olangolah Reservoir. There may also be scope to access water from the West Barwon Reservoir through the Barramunga Creek pipeline. It is recommended that there should be an investigation into the feasibility of environmental flow events aimed at providing flow volume and seasonality as close to natural levels as possible. As previously discussed (Barwon River section), timing of these flows should be carefully considered. The primary aim would be to introduce environmental flows immediately prior to the spawning time of between May to June when this species rely on high flows for triggers and appropriate larval drift rates. It is important to maintain these flows for a maximum permissible length of time to ensure that newly hatched Australian Grayling larvae are washed to estuarine and marine waters which they require

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 65 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

in their early life stage. It may be advantageous to source historical pre-drought flow level/duration data if these are available. 4.4.4 Aire River Approximately 14% of the Otway Coast Basins yield is derived from the Aire River. Like the Barham and Gellibrand rivers, the main threat to Australian Grayling survival in the Aire River was assessed by workshop members to be a result of low flows preventing river mouth opening. Consequently, it is strongly recommended that the EEMSS be consulted prior to any alterations in the estuary entrance. Low D.O. level was assessed to be the second most serious threat to this species at this site. Unfortunately, like the Barham River system, there are no significant impoundments in the upper reaches of the Aire River system that could be used to facilitate an environmental water release for Australian Grayling during critical summer periods when D.O. levels reach critical levels. Consequently, only minor alterations to flows may be achieved through consultation with landholders who take water from the system for stock or domestic purposes. The volumes of water that are extracted from the Aire River system should be investigated to determine whether landholders pump significant quantities of water from the system during May to June when this species rely on high flows as spawning triggers and larval drift. If significant volumes are being extracted from the system, actions may include encouraging the construction of offstream water storage facilities (dams or tanks) which are filled at a time of the year which will have a lesser impact on this species. Reduction in flow volumes was rated as the third most significant impact for this species at this site. Opportunities to alleviate this impact are limited for the same reasons as listed above (low D.O. levels). 4.4.5 Additional research Accurate assessment of Australian Grayling population status across the Corangamite CMA region is extremely poor. Of the 88 Australian Grayling records present in the Aquatic Fauna Database, 49 contain no abundance data. Additionally, there have been no Australian Grayling recorded from this region since 1999, with the majority of records (53 in total) having been collected prior to 1987 (44 of which were collected during a six year period between 1981 and 1987). Records collected since 1990 (26 in total) were collected within the four year period between 1996 to 1999 with only one record lacking abundance data. Population estimates for Australian Grayling across the Corangamite CMA region have generally not been conducted in a systematic manner (unlike surveys for species such as Yarra Pygmy Perch and Dwarf Galaxias). Many of the records of Australian Grayling captured from this region (particularly from smaller waters) are a result of incidental captures, occurring during standardised general fish surveys, which are not designed to optimise the capture of this elusive species. This factor is considered to be a consistent issue in the assessment of their distribution and abundance as Australian Grayling are not as ‘catchable’ as other species using standard techniques, such as electrofishing (particularly backpack units). Additionally, of the 26 records of Australian Grayling captured since 1990, a total of 21 represent surveys conducted only in the Barwon and Erskine Rivers for the specific purpose of collecting population data. Wider surveys within the CCMA region were not undertaken as part of this project (J. O’Connor pers. comm.) and consequently, the wider distribution and abundance of this species remain unclear. The lack of targeted population surveys for Australian Grayling currently hinders accurate assessment of which waters within the Corangamite area are of highest value. Basic information on the density, population structure and range of this species is required to enable a more accurate picture of threats to this species. Targeted surveys are therefore vital to establish this information.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 66 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Water quality tolerance levels for the Australian Grayling need to be investigated (e.g. D.O., E.C. and temperature tolerances) so that appropriate water quality trigger points can be established (if appropriate) to aid in the management of this species. The extent to which this species migrate (both as adults and juveniles) is largely unknown. Preliminary information gathered on the movement of Australian Grayling in the Tarwin River (West Gippsland) is currently being gathered (J. O’Connor pers. comm.) and suggests high levels of movement for reasons other than spawning. It is vital that these movement patterns are investigated to clarify water quality and habitat preferences so that targets for rehabilitation as well as appropriate trigger point levels can be established. Spawning site preferences within the Corangamite region are also required to enable more accurate targeting of rehabilitation works.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 67 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

5. References Close, P., Webb, E., and Koster, W. (2002) Rehabilitation of Waurn Ponds Creek, Victoria, for Yarra Pygmy Perch ( Nannoperca obscura ) and Other Native Freshwater Fishes. A report to the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority. July 2002. Freshwater Ecology, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research. 24 pp DSE (2009) Aquatic Fauna Database, Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne Jones, M.J., Tinkler, P., Lindeman, M., Hackett, G. and Pickworth, A. (2008) Threats, distribution and abundance of Yarra Pygmy Perch in Victoria during a drought period. A report to the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research. Technical Report Series No. 184. 59 pp Koehn, J.D. and Raadik, T.A. (1991) The Tasmanian mudfish Galaxias cleaveri Scott, 1934, in Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 103 (2): 77–86. ISSN 0035-9211 McKinnon, L. and Ryan, T. (2008) Assessment of Yarra Pygmy Perch and other fish species in Thompsons Creek. A report to the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority. July 2008. 15 pp Raadik, T.A. (2000) Brief environmental assessment of the Barwon Water supply headworks (Upper Barwon River) – September 1999. A report for the Water Resource Management Branch, Department of Natural Resources and Environment. 32 pp Saddlier, S.R. (2008) FAST (Fish Assessment Support Tool) In Drew, M.M. (2008) A Guide to the Management of Native Fish: Victorian Coastal Rivers, Estuaries and Wetlands. Department of Sustainability and Environment and Corangamite Catchment Management Authority, Victoria

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 68 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

6. Appendices

6.1 Site details for Yarra Pygmy Perch populations Barwon River (at Deepdene Road).

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 69 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River (at bridge on Deepdene Road).

Comments Map 7621 7418/57474 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 0 66 N. australis captured so improbable that this site captured was completely dry Previous survey (Zampatti 11/12/2000) recorded the presence of 1 x N. obscura EC 314 Low E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 5.9 mg/l (65%) 5.03mg/l (51%) recorded during 2008 at site supporting N. obscura pH 7.2 Flow Isolated pools Max depth (m) 1.6 Average depth (pools) 0.5 • Drought related Threats Increased predation resulting from low water levels/reduced instream habitat reported • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 70 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River (at weir, off Pollocksford Road, Stonehaven).

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 71 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River (at weir, off Pollocksford Road, Stonehaven).

Comments Map 7721 2535/57744 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 18 Standard 100m stream length surveyed captured EC uS/cm 2680 Low E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 9.1 mg/l (96%) Rel. high D.O. level recorded at this site during April 2008 (D.O. of 7mg/l pH of 8 and E.C. of 1315 uS/cm recorded November 2000) pH 8.36 Flow Low flow Max depth (m) 1.3 Average depth (pools) 0.7 • Drought related Threats Increased predation resulting from low water levels/reduced instream habitat reported • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 72 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River at Kildean Road.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 73 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River at Kildean Road.

Comments Map 7621 7568/57568 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 0 22 N. australis captured so improbable that this site captured was completely dry Previous survey (Zampatti 11/12/2000) recorded the presence of 1 x N. obscura and 37 N. australis (ie N. obscura in very low abundance) EC uS/cm 1100 Low E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 7.24 mg/l (73%) Rel. high D.O. level recorded at this site during April 2008 (D.O. of 7mg/l pH of 8 and E.C. of 1315 uS/cm recorded November 2000) pH 7.69 Flow Low flow Max depth (m) 1.1 Average depth (pools) 0.5 • Drought related Threats Increased predation resulting from low water levels/reduced instream habitat reported • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 74 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River near Inverleigh.

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 75 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River at end of track off Hamilton Hwy opposite Hopes Plains Road, East of Inverleigh.

Comments Map 7721 2453/57783 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 3 Previous survey (Zampatti 26/11/2000) did not record the captured presence of N. obscura (ie N. obscura in low abundance) EC uS/cm 2150 Low E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 12.65 mg/l High D.O. level recorded in 2008 (D.O. of 6mg/l pH of 7 (111.1%) and E.C. of 1362 uS/cm recorded 26/11/2000) pH 8.11 Flow Low flow (pools) Max depth (m) 1.0* Average depth (pools) 0.5* • Drought related Threats Increased predation resulting from low water levels/reduced instream habitat reported • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

* Estimates from adjacent sites

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 76 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River at end of lane, West of Murghebolac (NO PHOTOS AVAILABLE)

Comments Map 7721 2493/57780 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 0 Previous survey (Zampatti 12/12/2000) recorded the captured presence of 5 x N. obscura (ie N. obscura in low abundance) Note: Flat headed gudgeon and other fish species captured (ie unlikely this has dried out) EC uS/cm 2250 Low E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 10.06 mg/l High D.O. level recorded in 2008 (D.O. of 7mg/l pH of 8 (102.9%) and E.C. of 1369 uS/cm recorded 12/12/2000) pH 8.03 Flow Low flow Max depth (m) 0.9 Average depth (pools) 0.4 • Drought related Threats Increased predation resulting from low water levels/reduced instream habitat reported • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 77 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Pennyroyal Creek (off Bushs Lane).

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 78 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Pennyroyal Creek (off Bushs Lane).

Comments Map 7621 7495/57449 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 77 A total of 118 N. australis were also captured. captured Previous survey (Raadik 22/09/1999) recorded the presence of 1 x N. obscura and 29 N. australis EC uS/cm 873 Low E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 6.51 mg/l (62.2%) High D.O. level recorded in 2008 (D.O. of 7mg/l pH of 8 and E.C. of 415 uS/cm recorded 20/09/2000) pH 7.39 Flow Low flow Site is at risk of drying out Max depth (m) 1.4 Average depth (pools) 0.4 • Drought related Threats Increased predation resulting from low water levels/reduced instream habitat reported • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) - NOTED • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 79 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Thompson Creek (1 km upstream of weir, north of Breamlea).

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 80 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Thompson Ck (private property) at end of Minya Lane (1 km upstream of weir, north of Breamlea).

Comments Map 7721 2710/57605 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 50 50 metre section sampled captured EC uS/cm 9320 High E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 8.95 mg/l (99.1%) High D.O. level recorded in 2008 pH 8.4 Flow Low flow (pools) Max depth (m) - Average depth (pools) 0.5 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 81 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Thompson Creek – upstream of bridge on Horseshoe Bend Rd (at Rices Reserve).

Comments Map 7721 2682/57608 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) No. captured 33 100 metre x 1.5 m (edge) section sampled EC uS/cm 8440 High E.C. cf. many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 7.03 mg/l (71.9%) Moderate levels of D.O. pH 8.91 Flow Low flow (pools) Max depth (m) - Average depth (pools) 0.5 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 82 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Thompson Creek (upstream of Geelong–Torquay Road).

Comments Map 7721 2662/57604 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 11 25 metre pool sampled captured EC uS/cm 14,220 V High E.C. cf many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 5.03 mg/l (50.8%) Low D.O. levels pH 8.55 Flow No flow (pools) Max depth (m) 1.6 Average depth (pools) 1.2 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 83 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Thompson Creek (downstream of Pettavel Road).North-east of Paraparap

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 84 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Thompson Creek (downstream of Pettavel Road).North-east of Paraparap

Comments Map 7721 2585/57613 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 24 65 metre pool sampled captured EC uS/cm 13,330 Very High E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 6.62 mg/l (59.3%) Low D.O. levels pH 8.06 Flow No flow (pools) Max depth (m) 1.5 Average depth (pools) 1.0 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 85 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Thompson Creek (at Willowite Road bridge), north-east of Paraparap

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 86 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Thompson Creek (at Willowite Road bridge), north-east of Paraparap

Comments Map 7721 2566/57615 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 9 50 metres over 3 pools sampled captured EC uS/cm 12,630 Very High E.C. cf many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 5.84 mg/l (54.7%) Low D.O. levels pH 8.29 Flow No flow (pools) Max depth (m) 2.0 Average depth (pools) 0.5 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 87 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Curdies River (downstream of Curdies River Road, Curdie).

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 88 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Curdies River (downstream of Curdies River Road, Curdie).

Comments Map 7421 6706/57425 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 28 100 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 1295 Low-Moderate E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 8.84 mg/l (84.1%) Moderate - Good D.O. levels pH 7.89 Flow Low flow (pools) Max depth (m) 1.8 Average depth (pools) 0.4 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat (Redfin predation observed) reported • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 89 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Woady Yallock Creek (at bridge on Hamilton Highway, Cressy).

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 90 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Woady Yallock Creek (at bridge on Hamilton Highway, Cressy).

Comments Map 7621 7307/57883 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 3 90 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 9,460 Very High E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 7.42 mg/l (86.1%) Low D.O. levels pH 7.93 Flow No flow (pools) Max depth (m) >2.0 Average depth (pools) 1.7 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 91 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Woady Yallock Creek (at end of Cemetery Road, west of Cape Clear).

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 92 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Woady Yallock Creek (at end of Cemetery Road, west of Cape Clear).

Comments Map 7622 7276/58144 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 0 (2 in 1990) 30 metres sampled. Note that although no N. obscura were captured at this site, survey notes indicate that water depth captured prevented adequate sampling . A ‘NO’ catch result does therefore not necessarily indicate absence of N. obscura at this site. Previous surveys (McKenzie 1990) recorded 2 individuals. EC uS/cm 3,310 Elevated E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura (although well below upper level) D.O. 6.45 mg/l (77.0%) Moderate D.O. levels pH 7.93 Flow No flow (pools) Max depth (m) >2.0 Average depth (pools) 2.0 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • Moderate - High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 93 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Gnarkeet Creek (at Hamilton Highway Bridge, west of Berrybank).

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 94 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Gnarkeet Creek (at Hamilton Highway Bridge, west of Berrybank).

Comments Map 7522 7166/57946 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing Jones et al (B/M) Number of N. obscura 10 30 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 5,600 Very High E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 11.75 mg/l (123%) Excellent D.O. levels pH 8.65 Flow No flow (pools) Max depth (m) 2.5 One deep hole below bridge with some YPP holding on in small amount of veg. Shallow holes further upstream provide better cover but low in water volume. No Gambusia present. Average depth (pools) - • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools) • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 95 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek upstream of Rossack Road

Waurn Ponds Creek upstream of Rossack Road (looking upstream)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 96 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek, upstream of Rossacks Road, Grovedale Comments Map 7721 2646/57681 Last sampled May 2008 Method Electrofishing Ryan and McGuckin 2008 (B/M) Number of N. obscura 10 captured EC uS/cm ? Moderate to high E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. ? mg/l (?%) pH 8.02 Flow No flow (pools) Max depth (m) 1.4 Native and introduced grasses and other vegetation present at stream margins provide good cover for pygmy perch. Site at risk mainly from low flows and most pygmy perch are occupying the deeper pools .

Average depth (pools) - • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools - possible)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 97 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek, downstream of Pioneer Road Bridge, Grovedale

Comments Map 7721 2656/57687 Last sampled April 2008 Method Electrofishing (B/M) Jones et al Number of N. obscura 49 100 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 2,530 Moderate to high E.C. cf to many other population sites D.O. 8.3 mg/l (71.4%) Excellent D.O. levels pH 8.02 Flow No flow (pools) Max depth (m) 1.4 Native and introduced grasses and other vegetation present at stream margins provide good cover for pygmy perch. Site at risk mainly from low flows and most pygmy perch are occupying the deeper pools. Two pools were sampled, with a max depth of 1.4 m and situated approximately 50m downstream of Pioneer Road . Average depth (pools) - • Drought related Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat Threats reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 98 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek at Cochran’s Road Crossing

Comments Map 7721 2609/57681 Last sampled February 2002 Method Electrofishing Close, Webb & Koster (B/M) Number of N. obscura 11 100 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 5,540 Moderate to high E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 12.5 mg/l Excellent D.O. levels pH 8.2 Flow 25% pool 75% riffle Max depth (m) 0.45 . Average depth 0.1 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 99 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek at Jarvis Oval Bridge

Comments Map 7721 2631/57680 Last sampled February 2002 Method Electrofishing Close, Webb & Koster (B/M) Number of N. obscura 1 100 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 5,510 Moderate to high E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 5.9 mg/l Low D.O. levels pH 8.1 Flow 50% pool 30% riffle 20% glide Max depth (m) 1.5 . Average depth 0.4 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 100 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek downstream of Grovedale Crossing

Comments Map 7721 2655/57686 Last sampled February 2002 Method Electrofishing Close, Webb & Koster (B/M) Number of N. obscura 15 100 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 4,910 Moderate to high E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 5.7 mg/l Low D.O. levels pH 7.8 Flow 10% pool 5% riffle 85% run Max depth (m) 1.3 . Average depth 1.0 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 101 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek at Rotary Peace Park

Comments Map 7721 2665/57694 Last sampled February 2002 Method Electrofishing Close, Webb & Koster (B/M) Number of N. obscura 12 100 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 5,670 Moderate to high E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 8.1 mg/l Moderate-good D.O. levels pH 7.9 Flow 10% pool 5% riffle 85% run Max depth (m) 2.0 . Average depth 0.7 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 102 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek at Camdell Court

Comments Map 7721 2675/57694 Last sampled February 2002 Method Electrofishing Close, Webb & Koster (B/M) Number of N. obscura 29 100 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 5,340 Moderate to high E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 7.5 mg/l Moderate-good D.O. levels pH 7.9 Flow 70% pool 30% run Max depth (m) 1.2 . Average depth 0.7 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 103 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Waurn Ponds Creek downstream of Barwon Heads Road

Comments Map 7721 2683/57701 Last sampled February 2002 Method Electrofishing Close, Webb & Koster (B/M) Number of N. obscura 30 100 metres sampled captured EC uS/cm 2,970 Moderate to high E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 11 mg/l Moderate-good D.O. levels pH 7.9 Flow 60% pool 30% run 10% glide Max depth (m) 1.4 . Average depth 0.7 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • High salinity • Lack of water flow (likely) • Water extraction (from isolated pools)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 104 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

6.2 Site details for Dwarf Galaxias populations Barwon East Birregurra -Forest Road, Barwon Downs

Comments Map 7621 7391/57374 Last sampled November 1. Ryan and McGuckin (2008) 2008 2. Supplementary report for CCMA (2008) Method Dip Net 2. Supplementary report for CCMA (2008) Number of G. pusilla 23 Note that Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura were also captured at this site in good captured numbers (28) EC 236 1 Low E.C. 194 2 D.O. 4.0 mg/L 1 Low to high D.O.. levels (90%) 2 pH 6.6 1 6.4 2 Flow Isolated pools Max depth (m) 1.6 Average depth (pools) 0.5 • Drought related Lack of water flow • Potential elevated nutrient levels from Threats reported livestock access (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 105 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Gosling Creek at Division Road, Maroon

Comments Map 7621 7458/57416 Last sampled May 2007 Method Dip Nets Ryan and McGu ckin 2008 Number of G. pusilla 9 captured EC 314 Low E.C. compared to many other sites supporting N. obscura D.O. 5.9 mg/l (65%) 5.03mg/l (51%) recorded during 2008 at site supporting N. obscura pH 7.2 Flow Isolated pools Max depth (m) 1.6 Average depth (pools) 0.5 • Drought related Threats Lack of water flow • Elevated nutrient levels from livestock access reported (potential algal blooms)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 106 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

6.3 Site details for Australian Mudfish populations Aire River: drain, upstream of the Great Ocean Road hwy (photo T. Raadik)

Typical Australian Mudfish habitat on the Aire River floodplain (photo T. Raadik)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 107 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Aire River drain – upstream of the Great Ocean Road hwy - SPRING FED

Comments Map 7520 7147/57063 Last sampled October 1990 Method Electrofishing Koehn and Raadik (Backpack) Number of N. cleaveri 5* This site was sampled on two additional occasions during 1990 during which 2 N. cleaveri were captured on each captured occasion. Habitat consisted of a 2 metre wide channel associated with a 15m x 20m wetland area which was densely vegetated with aquatic species. EC uS/cm 850 Low E.C. (backpack used) D.O. 5.6 mg/l Low-Moderate D.O. levels pH 6.7 Flow 100% pool SPRING FED Max depth (m) 0.4 . Average depth 0.3 • Drought related Threats Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat reported • Habitat damage resulting from unrestricted cattle access • Physical removal of habitat for drainage • Removal of riparian vegetation • Water extraction through drainage manipulation *Catch rates for N. cleaveri are very likely to be gross underestimates due to difficulty in sampling the type of dense aquatic vegetation in which this species prefers to utilise as habitat

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 108 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Aire River – billabong upstream of the Great Ocean Road hwy - SPRING FED

Comments Map 7520 7151/57068 Last sampled October 1990 Method Electrofishing (B/P) Koehn and Raadik Number of N. cleaveri 1* Habitat consisted of a 60 mx 5m x 0.8m deep billabong approx 30m from the Aire River which was densely captured vegetated with aquatic species. EC uS/cm 190 Low E.C. (backpack used) D.O. 4 mg/l Low-Moderate D.O. levels pH 6.4 Flow 100% pool Max depth (m) 0.8 . Average depth 0.8 • Drought related Increased predation/competition resulting from low water levels & reduced instream habitat Threats reported • Complete loss of surface water during drought conditions • Physical removal of habitat for drainage • Removal of riparian vegetation • Water extraction through drainage manipulation *Catch rates for N. cleaveri are very likely to be gross underestimates due to difficulty in sampling the type of dense aquatic vegetation in which this species prefers to utilise as habitat

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 109 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Belmont Common (drainage off golf course into Barwon River)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 110 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Belmont Common (drainage off golf course into Barwon River)

Comments Map 7721 2686/57718 Last sampled September 1998 Method Electrofishing Saddlier (Backpack) Number of N. cleaveri 1 captured EC uS/cm 431 Low E.C. D.O. ? mg/l pH Flow 100% pool Max depth (m) 0.4 . Average depth 0.2 • Drought related Threats Lack of water flow and low level make extremely vulnerable to complete drying reported

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 111 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

6.4 Site details for Australian Grayling populations Barham River stream gauge and fishway cut into wall (Photo taken May 2009)

Barham River – private track crossing and multi-pipe culvert barrier (Photo taken May 2009)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 112 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barham River Comments Map 7620 7280/57071 Last sampled April 1997 Method Electrofishing Koehn and Raadik (Backpack) Number of P. maraena 6* 400 metres of stream electrofished. P. maraena have also been captured from the Barham river in 1991/1992/1992 captured and 1996 (1 individual) EC uS/cm 168 Low E.C. D.O. - Most likely high D.O. levels pH - Flow 20% pool 60% glide 20% riffle Max depth (m) 1.0 . Average depth 0.4 • Drought related Threats Unrestricted stock access impacting on water quality – potential for algal blooms reported • Water extraction (pumping) during low flow events • Partial instream barriers becoming full barriers to upstream and downstream movt. during low flows

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 113 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Barwon River, at junction with Moorabool River (40 records in AFD)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 114 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Comments Map 7721 2648/57747 Last sampled July 1997 Method Mesh/fyke netting O’Connor, and Mahoney Number of P. maraena 12 5 mesh nets set (2 x 1½ and 3x 2”) as well as one double wing fine mesh fyke net. captured In 1996, five sampling events (mesh nets) produced 20, 9, 2, 1 and 14 grayling In 1997, three sampling events (mesh nets) produced 4, 17 and 14 grayling EC uS/cm 1670 Low E.C. D.O. - Unknown pH - Unknown Flow 100% pool Max depth (m) ~5.0m . Average depth ~3.0 • Drought related Threats Unrestricted stock access upstream impacting on water quality – potential for algal blooms reported • Water extraction (pumping) during low flow events • Partial instream barriers becoming full barriers to upstream and downstream movt. during low flows AFD Records of Australian Grayling capture in the Corangamite CMA region

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 115 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

6.5 Aquatic Fauna Database records for Australian Grayling captured in Victoria (Source: DSE 2009) River Grayling records Year Number of grayling captured (total no of surveys) Aire River 4 (26) 1905 ? 1986 ?,? 1987 ? Barwon river 40 (60) 1919 ? 1930 ? 1981 ? 1986 ?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,1,2,5,6,6,7,9,14,20,21,30 1987 ?,4,17 1997 1,1,2,3,3,4,7,14 1998 1,1,3,4,5,8, Barham River 7 (50) 1855 ? 1981 ? 1982 ?,? 1996 1 1997 6 1999 1 Calder river 1 (9) 1905 ? Carisbrook Creek 2 (11) 1984 ? 1997 1 Cumberland River 2 (20) ? ? 1987 ? Erskine River 13 (34) ? ? ? ? ? ? 1984 ? 1987 ?,? 1997 1,1,3,4,9,9,10 Ford River 1 (14) 1905 ? Gellibrand river 1 (72) 1982 ? Grassy Creek 1 (9) 1997 ? Kennett River 2 (10) 1987 ?,? Lake Connewarre 1 (9) 1873 ? Moorabool River 4 (38) ? ? ? ? 1987 ?,? Skene’s Creek 3 (10) 1920 ? 1987 ?,? St Georges River 2 (14) ? ? 1968 ? Wild Dog Creek 2 (19) ? ? 1984 ? Wye River 2 (8) 1984 ?,?

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 116 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

6.6 Workshop participant list and agenda

Corangamite – significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions Date: Thursday 30 th July 2009, Time: 9:00-16:30 am, Venue: First floor conference room, Arthur Rylah Institute, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, 3084 ATTENDEES: Participant and position Anticipated contribution

Stephen Saddlier, Arthur Rylah Institute Chair - G. pusilla/N. obscura /N. cleaveri/P. maraena Tom Ryan (Environous Pty Ltd), Point Lonsdale Project facilitator / G. pusilla /N. obscura/N. cleaveri/P. maraena Jayden Woolley (CCMA) Project manager/ presenter – CCMA viewpoint & management objectives Bill O’Connor (Policy Officer - Freshwater), DSE Policy and ecological advice G. pusilla/N. obscura/N. cleaveri/P. maraena Daniel Stoessel, Arthur Rylah Institute Ecological advice G. pusilla /N. obscura/N. cleaveri/P. maraena Gary Backhouse (Senior Policy Officer), DSE Policy and ecological advice G. pusilla/N. obscura/N. cleaveri /P. maraena Greg Peters (Riverness Pty Ltd), Geelong Site and biodiversity issue advice John McGuckin (Streamline research/Native Fish Australia), Eltham Ecological and site advice G. pusilla/N. obscura/N. cleaveri /P. maraena Stephen Adamthwaite, Environmental Assessment Unit, EPA Water quality/management Justin O’Connor, Arthur Rylah Institute Ecological & management advice - P. maraena Reece Coleman (Melbourne Water) Ecological & management advice - G. pusilla (current PhD research) Richard Boekel (or proxy) (Senior Biodiversity Officer), DSE, Geelong Regional DSE management advice Steve Nicol (team leader – unregulated rivers) Office of Water, DSE Water policy/practicalities Tarmo Raadik, Arthur Rylah Institute Distribution/genetic advice G. pusilla/N. obscura/N. cleaveri /P. maraena Wayne Koster, Arthur Rylah Institute Ecological advice G. pusilla /N. obscura/N. cleaveri/P. maraena David Bryant, Arthur Rylah Institute Habitat enhancement for Growling Grass Frog (value adding) Anna Lucas (Senior Environmental Water Planner) Melbourne Water Ecological & management advice Craig Murdoch, Fisheries Victoria Fisheries management advice Dennis Lovric, Senior River Health officer, CCMA Local issues/Site knowledge/Flow data etc Steve Harfield, River Health Officer, CCMA Local issues/Site knowledge/Flow data etc Darren Wilkie, River Health Officer, CCMA Local issues/Site knowledge/Flow data etc Nick McCristal, Sub-program manager, CCMA Local issues/Site knowledge/Flow data etc Deirdre Murphy, Waterwatch, CCMA Community Education/Monitoring

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 117 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Objectives: To provide clear management recommendations on the most appropriate on-ground actions required to reduce the level of impact that low inflow conditions have on populations of these threatened fish species. WORKSHOP AGENDA

1. 9:00 – 9:15 Welcome, Housekeeping issues and workshop agenda (Steve – 15 mins)

- Welcome and thankyou - Apologies - Facilities locations - General workshop structure and timing - Brief participant introductions

2. 9:15 – 9:45 Introduction & Project Background (Steve – 30 mins)

- Overall aims of the workshop - General effects of drought conditions on different guilds and life cycles (sedentary species, aestivation, migration requirements, water quality etc)

3. 9:45 – 10:00 CCMA objectives and Catchment Management Strategy (Jayden – 15 mins)

4. 10:00-10:30 Brief Catchment description (physical) & update (Steve/Tom – 30 mins)

- Brief description of catchments (overheads of maps) - Reference to site specific photographic material (provided) - Discussion of recent barrier prioritisation recently completed.

10:30 - 10:45 Morning tea – 15 mins

5. 10:45 - 11:30 Discussion of management approach – techniques and issues (Steve/Justin/Rhys – 45 mins)

- Discussion of various approaches to habitat management - Discussion of on-ground options for providing drought refuge (holding in secure off-site refuges /provision of secure on-site refuges / provision of downstream water allocations / provision of site-specific water allocations etc - Examples by Rhys Coleman of G. pusilla mgt in Tirhatuan wetlands

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 118 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

6. 11:30 am Description of prioritisation process: values and threats (Steve – 30 mins)

- Description of ‘value’ classification process for each population. - Description of threat categories for each site - “Trigger levels”

7. 12:00 – 12:30 Break-up into respective disciplines and allow 30 mins for background reading/familiarisation and questions using supplied material

Group a/ G. pusilla Group b/ P. maraena Group c/ N. obscura Group d/ N. cleaveri

Lunch 12:30 – 13:00

8. 13:00 – 15:00 Work through values and threats tables to identify location specific issues (at least one CCMA staff member for each group)

- Identify priority sites - Identify main issues for each site - Rank management options for each species (ie 1-10 for suitability)

Afternoon tea 15:00 – 15:15

9. 15:15 – 15:30 Identifying key knowledge gaps

- Record specific knowledge gaps that hinder drought management

10. 15:30 – 15:45 Reps from each group to discuss outcomes of assessment to workshop participants.

11. 15:45 – 16:15 Summary & further discussion

12. 16:15 – 16:30 Where to from here ?

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 119 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 120 CCMA –Significant fish species protection under dry inflow conditions

ISSN 1835-3827 (print) ISSN 1835-3835 (online) ISBN 978-1-74242-338-8 (print) ISBN 978-1-74242-339-5 (online)

Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical report series No. 198 121