DOCSLIB.ORG

Revision of the Genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and Implications for Phalangioid Classification

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revision of the Genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and Implications for Phalangioid Classification Zootaxa 2773: 1–65 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 2773 Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification CHRISTOPHER K. TAYLOR Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by P. Schwendinger: 15 Dec. 2010; published: 23 Feb. 2011 Christopher K. Taylor Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification (Zootaxa 2773) 65 pp.; 30 cm. 23 February 2011 ISBN 978-1-86977-657-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-658-9 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2011 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 2773 © 2011 Magnolia Press TAYLOR Table of contents Abstract . 3 Introduction . 4 Material and methods . 5 Phylogenetic analysis . 7 Characters used in analysis . 13 Results and discussion of character analysis . 23 Taxonomic descriptions. 30 Neopilionidae Lawrence 1931. 30 Enantiobuninae Mello-Leitão 1931 . 30 Megalopsalis Roewer 1923 . 31 Key to species of Megalopsalis . 31 Megalopsalis serritarsus Sørensen 1886 . 32 Megalopsalis epizephyros new species . 35 Megalopsalis eremiotis new species . 37 Megalopsalis hoggi (Pocock 1903a) . 39 Megalopsalis leptekes new species . 41 Megalopsalis pilliga new species . 43 Potentially excluded species . 44 Hypomegalopsalis new genus . 45 Hypomegalopsalis tanisphyros new species . 45 Tercentenarium new genus . 47 Forsteropsalis new genus . 47 Key to species of Forsteropsalis . 48 Forsteropsalis chiltoni (Hogg 1910) new combination . 48 Forsteropsalis distincta (Forster 1964) new combination . 50 Forsteropsalis fabulosa (Phillipps & Grimmett 1932) new combination. 51 Forsteropsalis grayi (Hogg 1920) new combination . 52 Forsteropsalis grimmetti (Forster 1944) new combination . 53 Forsteropsalis inconstans (Forster 1944) new combination . 55 Forsteropsalis marplesi (Forster 1944) new combination . 56 Forsteropsalis nigra (Forster 1944) new combination, new rank . 58 Forsteropsalis wattsi (Hogg 1920) new combination . 62 Acknowledgements . 62 Bibliography . 62 Abstract A morphological phylogenetic analysis is conducted of Australasian harvestmen previously included in the family Monoscuti- dae. Monophyly of Monoscutidae is not supported, and the subfamilies Monoscutinae and Megalopsalidinae are synonymised with the South American subfamily Enantiobuninae. Monoscutidae is re-synonymised with the family Neopilionidae. The anal- ysis also demonstrates the polyphyly of species previously assigned to the genus Megalopsalis. Megalopsalis epizephyros new species, M. eremiotis new species, M. leptekes new species and M. pilliga new species are described and M. serritarsus and M. hoggi are redescribed, all from Australia. Hypomegalopsalis tanisphyros new genus and species is described from Western Australia. Megalopsalis linnaei is transferred to Tercentenarium new genus. Forsteropsalis new genus is established to include species from New Zealand (including Auckland Island): Macropsalis chiltoni (type species), Pantopsalis distincta, Macropsa- lis fabulosa, Pantopsalis grayi, Megalopsalis grimmetti, Megalopsalis inconstans, Megalopsalis marplesi, Megalopsalis nigra and Pantopsalis wattsi. REVISION OF MEGALOPSALIS (NEOPILIONIDAE) Zootaxa 2773 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 3 Introduction Long-legged harvestmen of the family Monoscutidae are widespread in Australia and New Zealand, found in all parts of both countries except for the northwest part of Australia. In New Zealand, they are the only indigenous family of long-legged harvestmen (Eupnoi) except for the Caddidae represented by a single species, Acropsopilio neozelandiae (Forster 1948b) whereas the Australian fauna also includes representatives of Caddidae (Forster 1955; Hickman 1957) and Neopilionidae (subfamily Ballarrinae; Hunt & Cokendolpher 1991), with the family Sclerosomatidae marginally represented by a single species restricted to the northeasternmost tip of the continent (Taylor 2009a). Three species of the families Phalangiidae and Sclerosomatidae have been recorded in Australia and New Zealand as introduced exotics (Hickman 1957; Gruber & Hunt 1973). To date, taxonomic studies of Monoscutidae have been conducted solely on a descriptive basis, a situation that is not unusual for Opiliones, and the current paper includes the first major attempt to classify the Monoscutidae phylogenetically. A review of phylogenetic studies of Opiliones has been published by Giribet & Kury (2007). The phylogeny of the order as a whole has been investigated by Shultz (1998), Giribet et al. (1999, 2002, 2010), Giribet & Wheeler (1999) and Shultz & Regier (2001), using a variety of morphological (Shultz 1998; Giribet et al. 1999, 2002) and molecular (Giribet et al. 1999, 2002, 2010; Giribet & Wheeler 1999; Shultz & Regier 2001) methods. Each of these order-level analyses supported a monophyletic clade Eupnoi, including the superfamilies Caddoidea and Phalangioidea. All analyses have also agreed in placing Caddo (the only representative of Caddoidea analysed to date) outside Phalangioidea, but not all phalangioid families have been represented. The only other numerical analysis to date to examine the Phalangioidea has been the morphological analysis by Hunt & Cokendolpher (1991). That analysis focused on Neopilionidae and Monoscutidae (‘Phalangiidae’ and ‘Gagrellidae’ [regarded by Crawford 1992 and Tourinho 2007 as part of Sclerosomatidae] were included as com- posite terminal taxa), assumed phalangioid monophyly, and was rooted by a priori polarisation of characters rather than use of an outgroup (unless otherwise indicated, family names used in the introduction and phylogenetic analy- sis of this paper refer to the classification used by Crawford 1992 and Cokendolpher et al. 2007). Selected rather than consensus results were presented, and several distinct hypotheses of phalangioid relationships were presented after analysis. Hunt & Cokendolpher (1991) proposed the existence of a clade uniting species of Phalangioidea in which the spiracle was closed by an occluding entapophysis (originally described by Šilhavý 1970). This clade was also implicitly supported by Martens (1976, 1978, 1986) who recognised its members as a single family Phalangii- dae (including Sclerosomatidae) on the basis of genital morphology. Phalangioidea was represented in the analysis of Giribet et al. (2002) by species of Phalangiidae, Sclerosomatidae and the incertae sedis genus Dalquestia (placed by Crawford 1992 in the ‘Metopilio assemblage’), with support for monophyly of each family as well as their forming a monophyletic clade. However, members of the families Monoscutidae, Neopilionidae and Protolo- phidae were not analysed. Giribet et al. (2010) also included Protolophus, Eurybunus (another member of the ‘Metopilio assemblage’ according to Crawford 1992) and two New Zealand representatives of Monoscutidae but not Neopilionidae. Monophyly was supported for Phalangiidae and Sclerosomatidae (with Protolophus included in Sclerosomatidae) but the entapophyseate clade was not supported; instead, Monoscutidae was placed as the sister taxon to Sclerosomatidae. However, except for the monophyly of the families themselves, support for family rela- tionships within the Phalangioidea was low. Macropsalis serritarsus Sørensen 1886 was the first species of long-legged harvestman to be described from Australia, and the second from Australasia after the.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Functional Morphology of Attachment Devices in Arachnida
    Comparative functional morphology of attachment devices in Arachnida Vergleichende Funktionsmorphologie der Haftstrukturen bei Spinnentieren (Arthropoda: Arachnida) DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Jonas Otto Wolff geboren am 20. September 1986 in Bergen auf Rügen Kiel, den 2. Juni 2015 Erster Gutachter: Prof. Stanislav N. Gorb _ Zweiter Gutachter: Dr. Dirk Brandis _ Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17. Juli 2015 _ Zum Druck genehmigt: 17. Juli 2015 _ gez. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang J. Duschl, Dekan Acknowledgements I owe Prof. Stanislav Gorb a great debt of gratitude. He taught me all skills to get a researcher and gave me all freedom to follow my ideas. I am very thankful for the opportunity to work in an active, fruitful and friendly research environment, with an interdisciplinary team and excellent laboratory equipment. I like to express my gratitude to Esther Appel, Joachim Oesert and Dr. Jan Michels for their kind and enthusiastic support on microscopy techniques. I thank Dr. Thomas Kleinteich and Dr. Jana Willkommen for their guidance on the µCt. For the fruitful discussions and numerous information on physical questions I like to thank Dr. Lars Heepe. I thank Dr. Clemens Schaber for his collaboration and great ideas on how to measure the adhesive forces of the tiny glue droplets of harvestmen. I thank Angela Veenendaal and Bettina Sattler for their kind help on administration issues. Especially I thank my students Ingo Grawe, Fabienne Frost, Marina Wirth and André Karstedt for their commitment and input of ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Opiliones, Palpatores, Caddoidea)
    Shear, W. A. 1975 . The opilionid family Caddidae in North America, with notes on species from othe r regions (Opiliones, Palpatores, Caddoidea) . J. Arachnol . 2:65-88 . THE OPILIONID FAMILY CADDIDAE IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH NOTES ON SPECIES FROM OTHER REGION S (OPILIONES, PALPATORES, CADDOIDEA ) William A . Shear Biology Departmen t Hampden-Sydney, College Hampden-Sydney, Virginia 23943 ABSTRACT Species belonging to the opilionid genera Caddo, Acropsopilio, Austropsopilio and Cadella are herein considered to constitute the family Caddidae . The subfamily Caddinae contains the genu s Caddo ; the other genera are placed in the subfamily Acropsopilioninae. It is suggested that the palpatorid Opiliones be grouped in three superfamilies : Caddoidea (including the family Caddidae) , Phalangioidea (including the families Phalangiidae, Liobunidae, Neopilionidae and Sclerosomatidae ) and Troguloidea (including the families Trogulidae, Nemostomatidae, Ischyropsalidae an d Sabaconidae). North American members of the Caddidae are discussed in detail, and a new species , Caddo pepperella, is described . The North American caddids appear to be mostly parthenogenetic, an d C. pepperella is very likely a neotenic isolate of C. agilis. Illustrations and taxonomic notes ar e provided for the majority of the exotic species of the family . INTRODUCTION Considerable confusion has surrounded the taxonomy of the order Opiliones in North America, since the early work of the prolific Nathan Banks, who described many of ou r species in the last decade of the 1800's and the first few years of this century. For many species, no additional descriptive material has been published following the original de- scriptions, most of which were brief and concentrated on such characters as color and body proportions .
    [Show full text]
  • De Hooiwagens 1St Revision14
    Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HARVESTMEN ............................................................................................................................ 2 GROUPS SIMILAR TO HARVESTMEN ............................................................................................................................. 3 PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 3 BIOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 LIFE CYCLE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 MATING AND EGG-LAYING ........................................................................................................................................... 4 FOOD ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 DEFENCE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 PHORESY,
    [Show full text]
  • (Opiliones: Monoscutidae) – the Genus Pantopsalis
    Tuhinga 15: 53–76 Copyright © Te Papa Museum of New Zealand (2004) New Zealand harvestmen of the subfamily Megalopsalidinae (Opiliones: Monoscutidae) – the genus Pantopsalis Christopher K. Taylor Department of Molecular Medicine and Physiology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand ([email protected]) ABSTRACT: The genus Pantopsalis Simon, 1879 and its constituent species are redescribed. A number of species of Pantopsalis show polymorphism in the males, with one form possessing long, slender chelicerae, and the other shorter, stouter chelicerae. These forms have been mistaken in the past for separate species. A new species, Pantopsalis phocator, is described from Codfish Island. Megalopsalis luna Forster, 1944 is transferred to Pantopsalis. Pantopsalis distincta Forster, 1964, P. wattsi Hogg, 1920, and P. grayi Hogg, 1920 are transferred to Megalopsalis Roewer, 1923. Pantopsalis nigripalpis nigripalpis Pocock, 1902, P. nigripalpis spiculosa Pocock, 1902, and P. jenningsi Pocock, 1903 are synonymised with P. albipalpis Pocock, 1902. Pantopsalis trippi Pocock, 1903 is synonymised with P. coronata Pocock, 1903, and P. mila Forster, 1964 is synonymised with P. johnsi Forster, 1964. A list of species described to date from New Zealand and Australia in the Megalopsalidinae is given as an appendix. KEYWORDS: taxonomy, Arachnida, Opiliones, male polymorphism, sexual dimorphism. examines the former genus, which is endemic to New Introduction Zealand. The more diverse Megalopsalis will be dealt with Harvestmen (Opiliones) are abundant throughout New in another publication. All Pantopsalis species described to Zealand, being represented by members of three different date are reviewed, and a new species is described. suborders: Cyphophthalmi (mite-like harvestmen); Species of Monoscutidae are found in native forest the Laniatores (short-legged harvestmen); and Eupnoi (long- length of the country, from the Three Kings Islands in the legged harvestmen; Forster & Forster 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Dicranopalpus Caudatus Dresco, 1948: Not a Synonym of Dicranopalpus Ramosus (Simon, 1909) but a Valid Species After All (Arachnida, Opiliones)
    Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, nº 26 (30/06/2015): 25–34. ARTÍCULO Grupo Ibérico de Aracnología (S.E.A.). ISSN: 1576 - 9518. http://www.sea-entomologia.org DICRANOPALPUS CAUDATUS DRESCO, 1948: NOT A SYNONYM OF DICRANOPALPUS RAMOSUS (SIMON, 1909) BUT A VALID SPECIES AFTER ALL (ARACHNIDA, OPILIONES) Hay Wijnhoven1 & Carlos E. Prieto2 1 Groesbeeksedwarsweg 300, NL-6521 DW Nijmegen, Netherlands. [email protected] 2 Departamento de Zoología y Biología Celular Animal, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV / EHU), PO box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. [email protected] Abstract: Dicranopalpus caudatus Dresco, 1948, formerly considered a synonym of Dicranopalpus ramosus (Simon, 1909), is re- validated based on a comparative characterisation of both taxa by studying specimens from the Iberian Peninsula, France, England and The Netherlands. Until now, D. caudatus has been confirmed for Spain, Portugal and England. Both species show allopatric distributions in the Iberian Peninsula, with D. caudatus distributed along the western, southern and eastern Iberian coasts and D. ramosus only on the northern Cantabrian coastal strip. In contrast, both species seem to be sympatric in southern England. How- ever, the current status of D. caudatus in England needs to be assessed, since it was last recorded 30 years ago. Diagnostic char- acters, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for both species. Key words: Opiliones, Dicranopalpus, revalidation, Iberian Peninsula, southern England. Dicranopalpus caudatus Dresco, 1948 no es un sinónimo de Dicranopalpus ramosus (Simon, 1909) sino una especie váli- da, después de todo (Arachnida, Opiliones) Resumen: Estudiando especímenes procedentes de la Península Ibérica, Francia, Inglaterra y Holanda, se revalida Dicranopalpus caudatus Dresco, 1948, anteriormente considerada un sinónimo de Dicranopalpus ramosus (Simon, 1909), en base a una caracterización comparativa de ambos taxones.
    [Show full text]
  • Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae)
    Universidade de São Paulo Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual - BDPI Departamento de Zoologia - IB/BIZ Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - IB/BIZ 2014-10-02 Three new species of Thrasychiroides Soares & Soares, 1947 from Brazilian Mountains (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) Zootaxa, Auckland, v.3869, n.4, p.469-482, 2014 http://www.producao.usp.br/handle/BDPI/46484 Downloaded from: Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual - BDPI, Universidade de São Paulo Zootaxa 3869 (4): 469–482 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FA58D776-BCA3-4497-BD1A-F8CA277CC725 Three new species of Thrasychiroides Soares & Soares, 1947 from Brazilian Mountains (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) RICARDO PINTO-DA-ROCHA1, CIBELE BRAGAGNOLO1 & ANA LÚCIA TOURINHO2,3 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de Biodiversidade (CBIO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, CEP 69011-970, Cx. Postal 478, Manaus, AM, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Three new species of the genus Thrasychiroides are described from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest mountains: Thra- sychiroides moporanga sp. nov. (type locality: Reserva Biologica de Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba, State of São Paulo), T.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomically Modern Carboniferous Harvestmen Demonstrate Early Cladogenesis and Stasis in Opiliones
    ARTICLE Received 14 Feb 2011 | Accepted 27 Jul 2011 | Published 23 Aug 2011 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1458 Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen demonstrate early cladogenesis and stasis in Opiliones Russell J. Garwood1, Jason A. Dunlop2, Gonzalo Giribet3 & Mark D. Sutton1 Harvestmen, the third most-diverse arachnid order, are an ancient group found on all continental landmasses, except Antarctica. However, a terrestrial mode of life and leathery, poorly mineralized exoskeleton makes preservation unlikely, and their fossil record is limited. The few Palaeozoic species discovered to date appear surprisingly modern, but are too poorly preserved to allow unequivocal taxonomic placement. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray micro-tomography to describe two new harvestmen from the Carboniferous (~305 Myr) of France. The resulting computer models allow the first phylogenetic analysis of any Palaeozoic Opiliones, explicitly resolving both specimens as members of different extant lineages, and providing corroboration for molecular estimates of an early Palaeozoic radiation within the order. Furthermore, remarkable similarities between these fossils and extant harvestmen implies extensive morphological stasis in the order. Compared with other arachnids—and terrestrial arthropods generally—harvestmen are amongst the first groups to evolve fully modern body plans. 1 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 2 Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt University Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. 3 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.J.G. (email: [email protected]) and for phylogenetic analysis, G.G. (email: [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book Revised 25 June
    ABSTRACT BOOK ASSAB Waiheke, Auckland 8-10 July 2019 NAU MAI - WELCOME Pg. 3 ASSAB CODE OF CONDUCT Pg. 4 PROGRAMME Pg. 6 KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Pg. 10 ORAL PRESENTATIONS Pg. 18 POSTERS Pg. 75 HAERE MAI – FAREWELL Pg. 97 2 NAU MAI, HAERE MAI KI WAIHEKE! We warmly welcome you to Waiheke. We hope you will enjoy meeting the people, nature and land of Tāmaki Makaurau/Auckland. At ASSAB 2019 we aim to celebrate diversity in all its forms – diverse people, nature, research and scholarly approaches. We thank the Waiheke Island community including the Piritahi Marae committee, for their support. We respect and recognise Ngati Paoa as mana whenua and the interests of the wider Pare Hauraki iwi. Ruia kupu KĀEA: RuIa KATOA: Ruia ngā kākano i te Moananui- Scatter and sow the seeds across the Pacific ā-Kiwa wherahia ki te moana rongonui Spread forth to the famous body of water Herea ngā waka ki te pou whakairo Tether the canoes to the pou whakairo ka tū ki Waitematā Standing in the Waitematā I raro i te marumaru o ngā maunga tapu Beneath the shade of the sacred mountains; Ko Waipapa te manawa whenua Waipapa is the heartbeat o te whare wānanga nei of this University M. Steedman, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau, Aotearoa/ University of Auckland, New Zealand TūtIra maI www.youtube.com/watch?v=klLSVac79Zk or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxorRtINRTc Tūtira mai ngā iwi Line up together, people Tātou tātou e All of us, all of us. Tūtira mai ngā iwi Line up together, people Tātou tātou e All of us, all of us.
    [Show full text]
  • Opiliones, Neopilionidae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 263: 59–73Further (2013) notes on New Zealand Enantiobuninae (Opiliones, Neopilionidae)... 59 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.263.4158 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Further notes on New Zealand Enantiobuninae (Opiliones, Neopilionidae), with the description of a new genus and two new species Christopher K. Taylor1,† 1 Dept of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:E3E5CF0B-8C80-477E-8ED6-F78242F8D06F Corresponding author: Christopher K. Taylor ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Kury | Received 23 October 2012 | Accepted 21 January 2013 | Published 4 February 2013 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:55F84F6E-9D91-45BD-B957-42B77C3FD3E3 Citation: Taylor CK (2013) Further notes on New Zealand Enantiobuninae (Opiliones, Neopilionidae), with the description of a new genus and two new species. ZooKeys 263: 59–73. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.263.4158 Abstract Mangatangi parvum gen. n. and sp. and Forsteropsalis pureroa sp. n. are described from the North Island of New Zealand. Pantopsalis listeri (White 1849) and P. cheliferoides (Colenso 1882) are redescribed and no longer regarded as nomina dubia; P. luna (Forster 1944) is identified as a junior synonym of P. listeri. A key to Pantopsalis species is provided. Keywords Palpatores, Phalangioidea, taxonomy Introduction The Enantiobuninae (sensu Taylor 2011, including the Monoscutidae of Crawford 1992) are the dominant group of long-legged harvestmen (Opiliones: Palpatores) found in New Zealand, with over twenty species currently recognised from there (Tay- lor 2004, 2008, 2011). New Zealand Enantiobuninae can be divided into two separate groups, probably representing distinct clades (Taylor 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Harvestmen of the Family Phalangiidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) in the Americas
    Special Publications Museum of Texas Tech University Number xx67 xx17 XXXX July 20182010 Harvestmen of the Family Phalangiidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) in the Americas James C. Cokendolpher and Robert G. Holmberg Front cover: Opilio parietinus in copula (male on left with thicker legs and more spines) from Baptiste Lake, Athabasca County, Alberta. Photograph by Robert G. Holmberg. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Museum of Texas Tech University Number 67 Harvestmen of the Family Phalangiidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) in the Americas JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER AND ROBERT G. HOLMBERG Layout and Design: Lisa Bradley Cover Design: Photograph by Robert G. Holmberg Production Editor: Lisa Bradley Copyright 2018, Museum of Texas Tech University This publication is available free of charge in PDF format from the website of the Natural Sciences Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University (nsrl.ttu.edu). The authors and the Museum of Texas Tech University hereby grant permission to interested parties to download or print this publication for personal or educational (not for profit) use. Re-publication of any part of this paper in other works is not permitted without prior written permission of the Museum of Texas Tech University. This book was set in Times New Roman and printed on acid-free paper that meets the guidelines for per- manence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Printed: 17 July 2018 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University, Number 67 Series Editor: Robert D. Bradley Harvestmen of the Family Phalangiidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) in the Americas James C.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Phalangida (Arachnida, Opiliones) Using Two Nuclear Protein-Encoding Genes Supports Monophyly of Palpatores
    2001. The Journal of Arachnology 29:189±200 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PHALANGIDA (ARACHNIDA, OPILIONES) USING TWO NUCLEAR PROTEIN-ENCODING GENES SUPPORTS MONOPHYLY OF PALPATORES Jeffrey W. Shultz: Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA Jerome C. Regier: Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA ABSTRACT. Recent phylogenetic studies of Opiliones have shown that Cyphophthalmi and Phalangida (5 Palpatores 1 Laniatores) are sister groups, but higher relationships within Phalangida remain contro- versial. Current debate focuses on whether Palpatores (5 Caddoidea 1 Phalangioidea 1 Ischyropsalidoidea 1 Troguloidea) is monophyletic or paraphyletic, with Ischyropsalidoidea 1 Troguloidea (5 Dyspnoi) being more closely related to Laniatores. The latter hypothesis was favored in recent combined studies of ri- bosomal DNA and morphology. Here higher relationships within Phalangida are examined using two nuclear protein-encoding genes, elongation factor-1a (EF-1a) and RNA polymerase II (Pol II), from 27 opilion species representing seven superfamilies. Cyphophthalmi was used as the outgroup. Nucleotide and inferred amino acid sequences were analyzed using maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods. All analyses recovered Palpatores as the monophyletic sister group to Laniatores with moderate to strong empirical support. Most palpatorean superfamilies were also recovered, but relationships among them were ambiguous or weakly
    [Show full text]
  • Cyphophthalmid Opilionids New to Madagascar: Two New Genera
    Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc (1996) 10 (5), 181–186 181 Cyphophthalmid opilionids new to Madagascar: It therefore came as a surprise to one of us (JG) in two new genera (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, 1987 to find the cyphophthalmid material treated below, ?Pettalidae) while perfunctorily sorting through a voluminous collec- tion of soil animals transferred to the collections of the William A. Shear Naturhistorisches Museum from the former institute Department of Biology, of Prof. H. Franz (Institut für Bodenforschung und Hampden-Sydney College, Baugeologie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien). Man- Hampden-Sydney, Virginia 23943, USA angotria taolanaro, n. sp. was mislabelled as ‘‘Ixodidae’’ and Ankaratra franzi, n. sp. as ‘‘Trombidiformes’’ in the and roughly sorted material. A variety of circumstances, including grave doubts about the locality data, pre- Jürgen Gruber Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, vented JG from definitively describing this interesting Burgring 7, A-1014 Wien, Austria material; attempts to confirm the data were unsuccess- ful. Finally, in 1992, JG sent the material to the first author (WAS) for further work. He was able to confirm Summary the unusual nature of the specimens themselves, which Cyphophthalmid opilionids are reported for the first added credence to the locality data. In April and May time from the island of Madagascar, represented by two 1969, Prof. Franz collected extensively in central, south- new species belonging to two new monotypic genera: ern, eastern and northern Madagascar; he covered Manangotria taolanaro and Ankaratra franzi. While clearly belonging to the clade Temperophthalmi, they are not easily numerous localities of which only two yielded cyphoph- placed in any of the three families (Sironidae, Pettalidae, thalmids.
    [Show full text]