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The Julia Creek Dunnart and Other Prey of the Barn Owl in Mitchell Grass Downs of North-Western Queensland

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The Julia Creek Dunnart and Other Prey of the Barn Owl in Mitchell Grass Downs of North-Western Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 55(1) © The State of Queensland (Queensland Museum) 2010 PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Editor in Chief. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/About+Us/Publications/Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum The Julia Creek dunnart and other prey of the barn owl in Mitchell grass downs of north-western Queensland Patricia A. WOOLLEY Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic 3086. Email: [email protected] Citation: Woolley, P.A. 2009 03 15. The Julia Creek dunnart and other prey of the barn owl in Mitchell grass downs of north-western Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 55(1): 107-117. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 18 February 2009. ABSTRact Analysis of the contents of pellets produced by barn owls, Tyto alba, has provided information on the distribution of the Julia Creek dunnart, Sminthopsis douglasi, and five other species of small terrestrial mammals. The pellets were collected from 28 localities in Mitchell Grass downs country around the town of Julia Creek in north-western Queensland. Mammals formed the largest component of the diet of the owls, followed by birds. Reptiles, frogs and arthropods were also preyed upon. Prey of Tyto alba, Sminthopsis douglasi, dasyurid marsupials, rodents, birds, Queensland, Mitchell grass downs. Barn owls, Tyto alba, feed mainly on small more months (from Barn Owls On Site http:// terrestrial mammals but they are known to take www.barnowltrust.org.uk/content_images/ other vertebrates and insects (Taylor 1994). pdf [July 2008]). Barn owls roost in caves, old Studies on the diet of barn owls in Australia buildings, tree hollows and, occasionally, in (see Morton 1975 which includes a summary trees, and pellets accumulate at the roost site. of earlier studies; Morton et al. 1977; Morton & Analysis of the contents of pellets provides Martin 1979; Valente 1981; Smith & Cole 1989; not only information on the diet of the owl but Debus et al. 1999; Heywood & Pavey 2002) also information on the composition of the have shown that a variety of mammals, birds, fauna in the foraging area. This may lead to the reptiles, frogs and arthropods may be eaten, and detection of uncommon species, as happened that rodents such as Rattus villosissimus and Mus musculus, species that undergo large fluctuations in the case of a then little known species of in population size, often form the bulk of the dasyurid marsupial, the Julia Creek Dunnart, diet. Barn owls usually swallow their prey Sminthopsis douglasi (Woolley 1992). This whole and the undigested remains, including species, at the time of its description by Archer bones, hair, feathers, scales and hard parts of (1979), was known from only four specimens in insects that are all generally readily identifiable, museum collections. These had been collected are regurgitated in compact pellets. Each pellet from three localities between the towns of Julia is thought to contain most of the remains from Creek and Richmond, Queensland. As a result of a single foraging expedition (Taylor 1994). survey work commenced in mid-1990 (Woolley, Freshly ejected pellets are soft and covered with 1992) the skeletal remains of Julia Creek mucous which, as it dries, gives them a smooth, dunnarts were found among a deposit of bones dark, glazed appearance. In dry conditions the that were considered to have formed from the glaze is lost after about 10 days but the pellets disintegration of owl pellets in a hollow tree. remain firm and darkly coloured for eight or Trapping in an area close to where the bones Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 2010 55(1) www.qm.qld.gov.au 107 Woolley TABLE 1. The localities and collecting sites together with the dates on which owl pellets were collected, the number and condition (glazed - G, unglazed - U) of the pellets, and whether or not barn owls were present at the site. Localities (abbreviation in parentheses) ordered by date of earliest collection. Locality and Date of No. of Locality Barn Locality and Date of No. of Locality Barn collecting sites collection pellets total owls collecting sites collection pellets total owls Eureka (EUR) - 20º50’S, 30.4.1992 72 (G) yes Eastern Creek (EC) - 7.7.1994 20 (9U, 20 yes 141º48’E 27.5.1992 43 (G) yes 20º54’S, 141º47’E tree 11G) abandoned homestead 29.6.1992 40 (G) yes hollow at Waterloo 3.8.1992 33 (G) yes Rd crossing 5.10.1992 17 (G) yes Longford Plains (LP) 8.7.1994 57 (G) 57 yes 6.7.1994 33 (15U, yes - 20º46’S, 141º46’E 18G) abandoned homestead 24.7.1994 15 (G) yes Toorak (T) - 21º02’S, 8.7.1994 a 9 (G) yes 2.9.1994 18 (G) 271 yes 141º48’E a) tree hollow 26.5.1998 b 43 (G) yes Crendon (CRE) - 21º26’S, -.11.1993 31 (U) 31 no in paddock no. 8, b) 24.5.1999 c 40 (G) yes 142º07’E yards between paddocks -.11.1999 c 11 (G) yes shearing shed 20.8.2000 c 85 (G) yes 1 and 2, c) barn Nelia (N) - 20º39’S, 19.6.1994 a 28 (G) yes 12.11.2001 c 22 (G) 210 yes 142º13’E 10.6.1995 b 50 (G) yes Eddington (ED) - 20º39’S, 9.7.1994 16 (U) 16 no a) derelict house, b) 26.7.1995 b 19 (G) yes 141º33’E shearing shed racecourse buildings 9.10.1995 b 9 (G) no Ardbrin (ARD) - 21º03’S, 15.6.1995 260 (99U, yes 27.4.1996 b 36 (G) 142 no 142º17’E shearing shed, 161G) Nelia West (NW) - 19.6.1994 19 (U) no derelict shearer’s quarters 16.8.1995 38 (G) yes 20º42’S, 142º04’E derelict 21.3.1997 66 (U) 85 no 19.9.1995 19 (G) no shearer’s quarters 18.6.1996 28 (G) no Osbert (O) - 20º30’S, 20.6.1994 215 (92U, yes 13.3.1997 16 (U) no 141º46’E outbuildings on 123G) 28.10.1999 15 (G) 376 no unoccupied property 17.6.1995 54 (26U, 269 no Consentes (CON) 17.6.1995 98 (55U, 98 no 28G) - 20º16’S, 141º36’E 43G) Lyrian (L) - 19º27’S, 21.6.1994 30 (G) yes derelict outbuilding 141º12’E abandoned 6.10.1995 56 (35U, 86 no Broadlands (B) - 21º28’S, 22.6.1995 32 (U) 32 no homestead, outbuildings, 21G) 141º17’E disused nearby tree hollow shearing shed Auckland Downs 3.7.1994 22 (U) 22 no Minamere (M) - 20º52’S, 11.7.1995 a 23 (G) yes (AD) - 20º15’S, 141º46’E 142º18’E a) abandoned 15.8.1995 b 277 (170U, yes derelict outbuilding homestead, b) meat house 107G) Huddersfield (H) - 4.7.1994 76 (U) no at shearer’s quarters 19.9.1995 b 21 (G) yes 20º57’S, 141º53’E shearing 29.4.1995 33 (G) yes 15.10.1995 b 40 (G) yes shed, outbuildings 6.6.1998 82 (G) yes 27.11.1995 b 26 (G) yes 30.3.1999 12 (G) yes 18.1.1996 b 33 (G) no 3.6.1999 81 (G) yes 20.2.1996 b 2 (G) no 10.9.2000 6 (U) 290 no 19.3.1996 b 19 (G) no Eulolo (EUL) - 21º14’S, 5.7.1994 264 (U) 264 no 24.4.1996 b 6 (G) no 141º33’E outbuildings on 3.6.1998 b 9 (G) 456 no unoccupied property Canobie (CAN) - 7.10.1995 72 (45U, 72 no Penola Downs (PD) - 5.7.1994 115 (U) 115 no 19º16’S, 140º58’E (hut 27G) 21º31’S, 141º27’E derelict at Hawkes Nest bore) shearer’s quarters Shilmalier (S) - 17.4.1996 24 (U) 24 no Carrum (CAR) - 6.7.1994 9 (G) 9 yes 20º10’S, 141º58’E 20º53’S, 141º43’E disused shearing shed unoccupied house Quambetook (Q) - 17.10.1996 293 (159U, 293 yes Armidale (ARM) 6.7.1994 18 (G) 18 yes 21º12’S, 142º10’E 134G) - 20º52’S, 141º41’E shearing shed shearing shed Proa (P) - 20º54’S, 30.5.1998 46 (G) yes Waterloo Plains (WP) 7.7.1994 258 (191U, yes 142º09’E 28.5.1999 32 (G) yes - 20º57’S, 141º43’E 67G) 29.8 1999 15 (G) yes shearer’s shower block unoccupied house, .8.1994 4 (G) yes 1.11.1999 5 (G) 98 yes shearing shed .9.1994 6 (G) 268 yes Yorkshire Downs (YD) - 3.11.1999 6 (G) yes Kelloshiel (K) - 21º01’S, 7.7.1994 5 (U) 5 no 20º52’S, 141º58’E 31.5.2000 3 (G) 9 no 141º42’E shearing shed under trees Rosevale (R) - 9.9.2000 113 (G) 113 yes 21º06’S, 142º00’E abandoned homestead 108 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 2010 55(1) Prey of barn owl in Queensland were found led to the collection of live Julia differential flotation followed by sieving using Creek dunnarts in 1992.
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