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Occasionem Cognosce — Francis Cabot Lowell
From AFIO's The Intelligencer Association of Former Intelligence Officers 7700 Leesburg Pike, Suite 324 Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies Falls Church, Virginia 22043 Web: www.afio.com * E-mail: [email protected] Volume 26 • Number 2 • Winter-Spring 2021 $15 single copy price The idea to look abroad for both individuals When Intelligence Made a Difference who had specialized knowledge of new technologies and obtaining this knowledge by other means was — 19th Century — explored by Alexander Hamilton. In 1791, he wrote on the topic at length in a section of his Report on Manu- factures, titled “The encouragement of New Inventions and Discoveries at Home and of the Introduction Into the United States of Such as May have Been Made in Other Countries, Particularly Those Which Relate to Machinery.”2 Occasionem Cognosce The Embargo of 1807 Economic conditions worsened for the US during Francis Cabot Lowell the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) when hostilities between Britain and France restricted the US’s access to trade routes across the Atlantic. In 1804, an author by Joel Wickwire of the Federalist Papers, James Madison, wrote of this to James Monroe claiming Great Britain is searching t the end of the 18th century, the British colo- and seizing all manners of cargo and persons.3 Ten- nies in North America were largely an agrarian sions culminated in the “Chesapeake Affair” when economy. Most critical manufactured goods the USS Chesapeake was shot upon and surrendered to A the British, in clear violation of American sovereignty. were imported from Europe, traded for agricultural products. -
Calculated for the Use of the State Of
3i'R 317.3M31 H41 A Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from University of IVIassachusetts, Boston http://www.archive.org/details/pocketalmanackfo1839amer MASSACHUSETTS REGISTER, AND mmwo states ©alrntiar, 1839. ALSO CITY OFFICERS IN BOSTON, AND OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY JAMES LORING, 13 2 Washington Street. ECLIPSES IN 1839. 1. The first will be a great and total eclipse, on Friday March 15th, at 9h. 28m. morning, but by reason of the moon's south latitude, her shadow will not touch any part of North America. The course of the general eclipse will be from southwest to north- east, from the Pacific Ocean a little west of Chili to the Arabian Gulf and southeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. The termination of this grand and sublime phenomenon will probably be witnessed from the summit of some of those stupendous monuments of ancient industry and folly, the vast and lofty pyramids on the banks of the Nile in lower Egypt. The principal cities and places that will be to- tally shadowed in this eclipse, are Valparaiso, Mendoza, Cordova, Assumption, St. Salvador and Pernambuco, in South America, and Sierra Leone, Teemboo, Tombucto and Fezzan, in Africa. At each of these places the duration of total darkness will be from one to six minutes, and several of the planets and fixed stars will probably be visible. 2. The other will also be a grand and beautiful eclipse, on Satur- day, September 7th, at 5h. 35m. evening, but on account of the Mnon's low latitude, and happening so late in the afternoon, no part of it will be visible in North America. -
Delegates to the Continental Congress from South Carolina, 177 4-1789, with Sketches of the Four Who Signed the Declaration of Independence
Bulletins of the Historical Commission of South Carolina.-No. 9 ~-~~)~~ ~~. Delegates to the Continentaf' Congress from South Carolina, 1774-1789, With Sketches of the Four Who Signed the Declaration of Independence. By A. S. SALLEY, Jr. Secretary of the Commission Printed for the Commission by The State Company Columbia, S. C. 1927 Bulletins of the Historical Commission of South Carolina.- No. 9 Delegates to the Continental Congress from South Carolina, 177 4-1789, With Sketches of the Four Who Signed the Declaration of Independence. B y A. S. SALLEY, Jr. Secre ta ry of the Commission Printed for t he Commission by T he State Company Columbia. S. C. I 9 2 7 1774-1775. \Yhen the news of the blo c: kadino· o:f the port of Boston rea ·h ed Charles Town in June. 1774'. a convention of the people of outh Carolina wa s, on J~ un e 13, ea llcc1 2 to meet in Charles Town on th Gth of July. The co nvention met on the clay appointed and sat through the 8th. After adopting resolution · ·o t1flemn in g the British Parlia ment for closin g the port of Bo: ton, and ettinO' fo rth the right of Ameri ·an , the eo tll" ention adopted the foll o\\·ing resolution: 1m s oLv J ~ D , ~'hat H enry l\fid<ll cton , John J.tutl cclge, 'l' homas Lynch , C'lui - topher Gacl scl en and Etlwnrcl Hutl e <l~c , :JD ~ q r H . he and tll cy a r c hcrcb.r nominated n ncl appoiute <l :Deputies. -
Political Friendship in Early America
CAMPBELL, THERESA J., Ph.D. Political Friendship in Early America. (2010) Directed by Dr. Robert M. Calhoon. 250 pp. During the turbulent decades that encompassed the transition of the North American colonies into a Republic, America became the setting for a transformation in the context of political friendship. Traditionally the alliances established between elite, white, Protestant males have been most studied. These former studies provide the foundation for this work to examine the inclusion of ―others‖ -- political relationships formed with and by women, persons of diverse ethnicities and races, and numerous religious persuasions -- in political activity. From the outset this analysis demonstrates the establishment of an uniquely American concept of political friendship theory which embraced ideologies and rationalism. Perhaps most importantly, the work presents criteria for determining early American political friendship apart from other relationships. The central key in producing this manuscript was creating and applying the criteria for identifying political alliances. This study incorporates a cross-discipline approach, including philosophy, psychology, literature, religion, and political science with history to hone a conception of political friendship as understood by the Founding Generation. The arguments are supported by case studies drawn from a wide variety of primary documents. The result is a fresh perspective and a new approach for the study of eighteenth century American history. POLITICAL FRIENDSHIP IN EARLY AMERICA by Theresa J. Campbell A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Greensboro 2010 Approved by Robert M. -
"Amiable" Children of John and Sarah Livingston Jay by Louise V
The "Amiable" Children of John and Sarah Livingston Jay by Louise V. North © Columbia's Legacy: Friends and Enemies in the New Nation Conference at Columbia University and The New-York Historical Society, Dec. 10, 2004 Sarah Jay wrote her husband [Oct. 1801]: "I have been rendered very happy by the company of our dear children . I often, I shd. say daily, bless God for giving us such amiable Children. May they long be preserved a blessing to us & to the community." Who were these 'amiable' children, and what were they like? The happy marriage of John and Sarah Jay produced six children: Peter Augustus, born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1776; Susan, born and died in Madrid after only a few weeks of life, in 1780; Maria, born in Madrid in 1782; Ann, born in Paris in 1783, William and Sarah Louisa, born in NYC in 1789 and 1792 respectively. As you can see by the birthplaces of these children, their parents played active parts on the stage of independence, doing what needed to be done, wherever it needed to be done, at the end of a colonial era and the birth of a new nation. John Jay held a greater variety of posts than any other Founding Father, posts he insisted he did not seek but felt it his duty to his country to assume. Sarah Livingston Jay, brought up in a political household, was a strong support to her husband, astutely networking with the movers and shakers of the time (as a look at her Invitation Lists of 1787–1788 shows). -
Pennsylvania Magazine of HISTORY and BIOGRAPHY
THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY John Swanwick: Spokesman for "Merchant-Republicanism ' In Philadelphia, 1790-179 8 HE literature on the era of Jeffersonian democracy is largely- dominated by the great triumvirate of Thomas Jefferson, TJames Madison, and Albert Gallatin.* During the last dec- ade, however, historians have been paying more attention to state and local political leaders who played significant roles in the Demo- cratic-Republican movement.1 Among the more notable second-rank * In a somewhat abbreviated form this article was presented as a paper at the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Association held at Williamsport, Pa., on Oct. 22-23, 1971. The author wishes to express his gratitude to his colleague, Bernard Sternsher, for his helpful editorial suggestions. 1 Historians have given most of their attention to secondary Federalists, but since i960 the number of modern scholarly biographies of less prominent Republicans has increased. We now have first-rate biographies on Robert R. Livingston, David Rittenhouse, Aaron Burr, Daniel D. Tompkins, John Breckinridge, Luther Martin, Benjamin Rush (2), Samuel Smith, and James Monroe. There are also a number of good unpublished doctoral dissertations. Among the more notable studies are those on Elkanah Watson, Simon Snyder, Mathew Carey, Samuel Latham Mitchell, Melancton Smith, Levi Woodbury, William Lowndes, William Duane, William Jones (2), Eleazer Oswald, Thomas McKean, Levi Lincoln, Ephraim Kirby, and John Nicholson. Major biographies of Tench Coxe by Jacob E. Cooke, of John Beckley by Edmund Berkeley, and of Thomas McKean by John M. Coleman and Gail Stuart Rowe are now in progress. 131 132 ROLAND M. -
Politics, the Judiciary Act of 1789, and the Invention of the Federal Courts
Duke Law Journal VOLUME 1989 DECEMBER NUMBER 6 "TO ESTABLISH JUSTICE": POLITICS, THE JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789, AND THE INVENTION OF THE FEDERAL COURTS WYTHE HOLT* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Why Do We Have the National Judiciary We Have? . 1422 A. Unnoticed National JudiciaryPuzzles .................. 1422 * University Research Professor of Law, University of Alabama School of Law. B.A., 1963, Amherst College; J.D., 1966, Ph.D., 1979, University of Virginia. This essay is copyrighted by the author, who reserves all rights thereto. The author is grateful to Dean Nathaniel Hansford and the University of Alabama School of Law for their generous support of several years of research that forms the basis of this essay, and for a sabbatical leave that also in part supported the research for this essay. The author is most grateful to Charlene Bickford, Kenneth Bowling, Helen Veit, and their colleagues at the Documentary His- tory of the First Congress project at George Washington University, who graciously made available their magnificent collection of materials and have been kind enough to advise, assist, and cheer the author on many occasions. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Jim Buchanan, Christine Jordan, Maeva Marcus, Jim Perry, Steven Tull, and their associates at the Documentary History of the United States Supreme Court, 1789-1800 project, for generously giving time, advice, and expertise, and allowing the author to supplement his research for this essay with their fine collection. William Casto, Eugene Genovese, L.H. La Rue, and Sandra Van Burkleo commented generously, helpfully, and often persuasively upon earlier drafts. Finally, the author gratefully ac- knowledges the expert aid, pleasantness, and unfailing good cheer extended to the author by the many librarians and research aides at the numerous repositories cited in this essay. -
The Bingham Family from the Old
THE FILSON CLUB HISTORY QUARTERLY VOL. 61 JANUARY 1987 NO. 1 THE BINGHAM FAMILY: FROM THE OLD SOUTH TO THE NEW SOUTH AND BEYOND WILLIAM E. ELLIS After reading Gone With the Wind in early 1937, Robert Worth Bingham, American Ambassador to Great Britain and son of a Confederate veteran, reacted effusively to Margaret Mitchell's classic novel. He exclaimed : I do not thank you for "Gone With the Wind" -- I bless you .... I know every phase of it all; the poverty and the pride, the gentility, the gracious manners, the romance, the preservation of dignity and high and generous humanity in rags and semi-starvation. 1 If Mitchell's epic synthesized the popular 1930s interpretation of the Civil War and Reconstruction, to Bingham it meant much more. He believed the book exonerated the history of his father's generation and vindicated his own behavior. Here was no rabid racist of the Tom Watson variety. In his public life Bingham epitomized the best of the southern ethos of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He fought against political cor- ruption in the Progressive Era as a young lawyer, mayor, and judge in Louisville, Kentucky. After purchasing the Louisville Courier-Journal in 1918, he continued his crusade against Ken- tucky's Gothic political system until his death in late 1937. More- over, he led the effort to develop a nationwide system of farmer cooperatives in the early twenties3 Bingham never transcended his southern background of the WILLIAM E. ELLIS, PH.D., teaches history at Eastern Kentucky Univer- sity. He wishes to express his gratitude to Eastern Kentucky University and to the National Endowment for the Humanities for travel and research funds used in the preparation of this article. -
A General History of the Burr Family, 1902
historyAoftheBurrfamily general Todd BurrCharles A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE BURR FAMILY WITH A GENEALOGICAL RECORD FROM 1193 TO 1902 BY CHARLES BURR TODD AUTHOB OF "LIFE AND LETTERS OF JOBL BARLOW," " STORY OF THB CITY OF NEW YORK," "STORY OF WASHINGTON,'' ETC. "tyc mis deserves to be remembered by posterity, vebo treasures up and preserves tbe bistort of bis ancestors."— Edmund Burkb. FOURTH EDITION PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY <f(jt Jtnuhtrboclur $«88 NEW YORK 1902 COPYRIGHT, 1878 BY CHARLES BURR TODD COPYRIGHT, 190a »Y CHARLES BURR TODD JUN 19 1941 89. / - CONTENTS Preface . ...... Preface to the Fourth Edition The Name . ...... Introduction ...... The Burres of England ..... The Author's Researches in England . PART I HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Jehue Burr ....... Jehue Burr, Jr. ...... Major John Burr ...... Judge Peter Burr ...... Col. John Burr ...... Col. Andrew Burr ...... Rev. Aaron Burr ...... Thaddeus Burr ...... Col. Aaron Burr ...... Theodosia Burr Alston ..... PART II GENEALOGY Fairfield Branch . ..... The Gould Family ...... Hartford Branch ...... Dorchester Branch ..... New Jersey Branch ..... Appendices ....... Index ........ iii PART I. HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL PREFACE. HERE are people in our time who treat the inquiries of the genealogist with indifference, and even with contempt. His researches seem to them a waste of time and energy. Interest in ancestors, love of family and kindred, those subtle questions of race, origin, even of life itself, which they involve, are quite beyond their com prehension. They live only in the present, care nothing for the past and little for the future; for " he who cares not whence he cometh, cares not whither he goeth." When such persons are approached with questions of ancestry, they retire to their stronghold of apathy; and the querist learns, without diffi culty, that whether their ancestors were vile or illustrious, virtuous or vicious, or whether, indeed, they ever had any, is to them a matter of supreme indifference. -
Defending America in Mixed Company: Gender in the U.S
Defending America in Mixed Company: Gender in the U.S. Armed Forces Martha E. McSally Abstract: Women have voluntarily served to defend America since the birth of our nation, often driven by necessity or the ½ght for equal opportunity, but always limited by law or policy grounded in accepted gender roles and norms. Today, women compose 14 percent of the total active-duty military, and more than 255,000 have deployed to combat operations in Iraq or Afghanistan. Despite their exemplary ser- vice and performance in combat, women are still restricted from serving in more than 220,000 military positions solely because of their sex. Women also continue to be exempt from the Selective Service System, for which their male counterparts are required by law to register. Are these continued inconsistencies be- tween the sexes in the area of national defense incongruent with democratic tenets? Have we gone too far or not far enough in allowing or compelling women to defend the nation if required? May all our citizens be soldiers and all our soldiers citizens. –A toast by Sarah Livingston Jay, the wife of John Jay, at a ball celebrating the end of the Revolution (Fall 1783)1 Women have served as volunteers in the defense of America since the birth of our nation, often driv- MARTHA E. MCSALLY is Profes- en by necessity or the ½ght for equal opportunity, sor of National Security Studies at but always limited by law or policy grounded in the George C. Marshall European accepted gender roles and norms. Today, women Center for Security Studies. -
Book Reviews
BOOK REVIEWS EDITED BY MICHAEL P. WEBER The Good Provider: H. J. Heinz and His 57 Varieties. By Robert C. Alberts. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973. Pp. 297. $10.00.) Who has not at some time sampled one of Heinz's 57 Varieties? Everyone who likes to eat will be interested in this biography of H. J. Heinz by Robert Alberts, who gave such an entertaining talk on William Bingham at the an- nual meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Association a few years ago. This particular volume is the outgrowth of an article in American Heritage magazine and still shows signs of being intended for a popular rather than a scholarly audience. It is a sympathetic account of a simple, honest, hardworking, deeply religious son of German immigrants who embodied the Horatio Alger tradition without being an especially complex or interesting person. Nevertheless, it reminds us how many of today's famous firms were originally such personal enterprises. It is a little surprising, however, that Mr. Alberts places Heinz on the same level as other Pittsburgh magnates like Carnegie, Frick, Mellon, and Westinghouse, with whom he seems to have had relatively little communication. Yet certainly the story of the Heinz company is a significant aspect of nineteenth-century social history, reflecting as it does changes in the American diet made possible by new developments in transportation, re- frigeration, and the preservation of food in cans. The book shows that the company's success was based on a combination of large-scale production and skillful techniques in public relations and advertising. -
H. Doc. 108-222
FOURTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1795, TO MARCH 3, 1797 FIRST SESSION—December 7, 1795, to June 1, 1796 SECOND SESSION—December 5, 1796, to March 3, 1797 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—June 8, 1795, to June 26, 1795 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—HENRY TAZEWELL, 1 of Virginia; SAMUEL LIVERMORE, 2 of New Hampshire; WILLIAM BINGHAM, 3 of Pennsylvania SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—SAMUEL A. OTIS, of Massachusetts DOORKEEPER OF THE SENATE—JAMES MATHERS, of New York SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—JONATHAN DAYTON, 4 of New Jersey CLERK OF THE HOUSE—JOHN BECKLEY, 5 of Virginia SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—JOSEPH WHEATON, of Rhode Island DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS CLAXTON CONNECTICUT GEORGIA Richard Potts 17 18 SENATORS SENATORS John Eager Howard Oliver Ellsworth 6 James Gunn REPRESENTATIVES James Hillhouse 7 James Jackson 14 8 Jonathan Trumbull George Walton 15 Gabriel Christie 9 Uriah Tracy Josiah Tattnall 16 Jeremiah Crabb 19 REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE 20 REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE William Craik Joshua Coit 21 Abraham Baldwin Gabriel Duvall Chauncey Goodrich Richard Sprigg, Jr. 22 Roger Griswold John Milledge George Dent James Hillhouse 10 James Davenport 11 KENTUCKY William Hindman Nathaniel Smith SENATORS Samuel Smith Zephaniah Swift John Brown Thomas Sprigg 12 Uriah Tracy Humphrey Marshall William Vans Murray Samuel Whittlesey Dana 13 REPRESENTATIVES DELAWARE Christopher Greenup MASSACHUSETTS SENATORS Alexander D. Orr John Vining SENATORS Henry Latimer MARYLAND Caleb Strong 23 REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE SENATORS Theodore Sedgwick 24 John Patten John Henry George Cabot 25 1 Elected December 7, 1795.