Individual Coursework 5: Implementing a UNIX Shell Introduction
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Ardpower Documentation Release V1.2.0
ardPower Documentation Release v1.2.0 Anirban Roy Das Sep 27, 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Screenshot 3 3 Documentaion 5 3.1 Overview.................................................5 3.2 Installation................................................7 3.3 Usage................................................... 12 4 Indices and tables 13 i ii CHAPTER 1 Introduction Its a custom Oh-My-Zsh Theme inspired by many custom themes suited for a perfect ZSH Environment under Byobu with Tmux Backend. 1 ardPower Documentation, Release v1.2.0 2 Chapter 1. Introduction 3 ardPower Documentation, Release v1.2.0 CHAPTER 2 Screenshot 4 Chapter 2. Screenshot CHAPTER 3 Documentaion You can also find PDF version of the documentation here. Overview We will start with understanding the individual components of an entire CLI. Generally we don’t put much attention to what we do. We just fire up a terminal or some say sheel and start typing our commands and get the result. That’s all. But there are a lot of things that goes behind all this. Terminal The very first component is the Terminal. So what is a Terminal? A terminal emulator, terminal application, term, or tty for short, is a program that emulates a video ter- minal within some other display architecture. Though typically synonymous with a shell or text terminal, the term terminal covers all remote terminals, including graphical interfaces. A terminal emulator inside a graphical user interface is often called a terminal window.A terminal window allows the user access to a text terminal and all its applications such as command-line interfaces (CLI) and text user interface (TUI) applications. -
Unix Systems: Shell Scripting (III)
Unix Systems: Shell Scripting (III) Bruce Beckles University of Cambridge Computing Service 1 Introduction • Who: ! Bruce Beckles, e-Science Specialist, UCS • What: ! Unix Systems: Shell Scripting (III) course ! Follows on from “Unix Systems: Shell Scripting (II)” ! Part of the Scientific Computing series of courses • Contact (questions, etc): ! [email protected] • Health & Safety, etc: ! Fire exits • Please switch off mobile phones! [email protected] Unix Systems: Shell Scripting (III) 2 As this course is part of the Scientific Computing series of courses run by the Computing Service, all the examples that we use will be more relevant to scientific computing than to system administration, etc. This does not mean that people who wish to learn shell scripting for system administration and other such tasks will get nothing from this course, as the techniques and underlying knowledge taught are applicable to shell scripts written for almost any purpose. However, such individuals should be aware that this course was not designed with them in mind. For details of the “Unix Systems: Shell Scripting (II)” course, see: http://www.cam.ac.uk/cs/courses/coursedesc/linux.html#script2 2 What we don’t cover • Different types of shell: ! We are using the Bourne-Again SHell (bash). • Differences between versions of bash • Very advanced shell scripting – try this course instead: ! “Programming: Python for Absolute Beginners” [email protected] Unix Systems: Shell Scripting (III) 3 bash is probably the most common shell on modern Unix/Linux systems – in fact, on most modern Linux distributions it will be the default shell (the shell users get if they don’t specify a different one). -
Korn Shell Variables
V4.1 cover Front cover Korn and Bash Shell Programming (Course code AL32) Student Notebook ERC 1.0 IBM Certified Course Material Student Notebook Trademarks IBM® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, or other countries, or both: AIX® AIX 5L™ Language Environment® OS/2® POWER™ RISC System/6000® RS/6000® Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. October 2007 edition The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is distributed on an “as is” basis without any warranty either express or implied. The use of this information or the implementation of any of these techniques is a customer responsibility and depends on the customer’s ability to evaluate and integrate them into the customer’s operational environment. While each item may have been reviewed by IBM for accuracy in a specific situation, there is no guarantee that the same or similar results will result elsewhere. Customers attempting to adapt these techniques to their own environments do so at their own risk. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2007. -
Bash Tutorial
Bash Shell Lecturer: Prof. Andrzej (AJ) Bieszczad Email: [email protected] Phone: 818-677-4954 Bash Shell The shell of Linux • Linux has a variety of different shells: – Bourne shell (sh), C shell (csh), Korn shell (ksh), TC shell (tcsh), Bour ne Again shell (bash). • Certainly the most popular shell is “bash”. Bash is an sh- compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and C shell (csh). • It is intended to conform to the IEEE POSIX P1003.2/ISO 9945.2 Shell and Tools standard. • It offers functional improvements over sh for both programming and interactive use. Bash Shell Programming or Scripting ? • bash is not only an excellent command line shell, but a scripting language in itself. Shell scripting allows us to use the shell's abilities and to automate a lot of tasks that would otherwise require a lot of commands. • Difference between programming and scripting languages: – Programming languages are generally a lot more powerful and a lot faster than scriptin g languages. Programming languages generally start from source code and are compil ed into an executable. This executable is not easily ported into different operating syste ms. – A scripting language also starts from source code, but is not compiled into an executabl e. Rather, an interpreter reads the instructions in the source file and executes each inst ruction. Interpreted programs are generally slower than compiled programs. The main a dvantage is that you can easily port the source file to any operating system. bash is a s cripting language. Other examples of scripting languages are Perl, Lisp, and Tcl. -
Unix/Mac/Linux OS Malware 10/15/2020
Unix/Mac/Linux OS Malware 10/15/2020 Report #: 202010151030 Agenda • Executive Summary • Origin of Modern Operating Systems • Overview of Operating Systems o Desktop o Servers o Super Computers o Mobile o Attack Surface and CVEs • Malware Case Studies o Drovorub o Hidden Wasp o Operation Windigo o MAC Malware Slides Key: • Defending Against Malware The picture can't be displayed. Non-Technical: Managerial, strategic and high- • Summary level (general audience) The picture can't be displayed. Technical: Tactical / IOCs; requiring in-depth knowledge (system admins, IRT) TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 2 Executive Summary • Unix and Unix-like systems drive most of today's computer systems. • Vulnerabilities and malware • Threat mitigation o Comprehensive security policies o Access control o Regular updates and backups o Training employees o Improving posture and maturity TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 3 Modern Operating Systems "Determining the operating system on which the server runs is the most important part of hacking. Mostly, hacking is breaking into the target's system to steal data or any such purpose. Hence, the security of the system becomes the thing of prime importance." Source: Parikh, K. (2020, August) The Hackers Library Functions of Operating Systems Timeline of the Origins of Operating Systems TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 4 Overview of Operating Systems (Non-Mobile) Unix Chrome OS •Derived from Original AT&T Unix •Free and open-source •Command-line input •Graphical user interface •Very popular among scientific, •Based on Linux -
The Korn Shell
UNIX Basics by Peter Collinson, Hillside Systems BEK SHAKIROV The Korn Shell ell, nobody’s perfect. I cre- the most recent version of the shell. The dtksh is large, and you probably don’t ated an incorrect impression version that you can pull from AT&T is want to use it as your login shell. W about the Korn shell in my ksh93, and has several enhancements If you do use ksh as your login shell, articleW “Over revisited” (SW Expert that increase the power of the language. then what can it do for you? Most mor- August 2000). I said that the source for For some time, David Korn has been tal users only scratch the surface of the the most recent version of the Korn shell repositioning the shell; taking it from a power of any shell they use, and para- (ksh93) was not publicly available. This program that is used to control program doxically, most of the usage of any shell statement was incorrect, and I received execution towards a powerful interpreted is made by people simply typing com- email from a couple of people (one of language. He’s been aiming to create a mands and having them executed. So, them David Korn) telling me that the “scripting language” that directly sup- I’m going to concentrate on the shell source has been available since 1999, ports many of the programming struc- features that make your life easier. pointing me to www.kornshell.com. tures and features that you will find in I suppose that most of these features The state of the art is that the program other UNIX super-tools, like awk. -
An Introduction to the C Shell
-- -- An Introduction to the C shell William Joy (revised for 4.3BSD by Mark Seiden) Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720 ABSTRACT Csh is a newcommand language interpreter for UNIX†systems. It incorporates good features of other shells and a history mechanism similar to the redo of INTERLISP. While incorporating manyfeatures of other shells which makewriting shell programs (shell scripts) easier,most of the features unique to csh are designed more for the interac- tive UNIX user. UNIX users who have read a general introduction to the system will find a valuable basic explanation of the shell here. Simple terminal interaction with csh is possible after reading just the first section of this document. The second section describes the shell’s capabilities which you can explore after you have begun to become acquainted with the shell. Later sections introduce features which are useful, but not necessary for all users of the shell. Additional information includes an appendix listing special characters of the shell and a glossary of terms and commands introduced in this manual. Introduction A shell is a command language interpreter. Csh is the name of one particular command interpreter on UNIX.The primary purpose of csh is to translate command lines typed at a terminal into system actions, such as invocation of other programs. Csh is a user program just likeany you might write. Hopefully, csh will be a very useful program for you in interacting with the UNIX system. In addition to this document, you will want to refer to a copyofthe UNIX User Reference Manual. -
JD Edwards Enterpriseone HTML Web Server Websphere Reference
JD Edwards EnterpriseOne HTML Server on WebSphere Reference Guide Release 9.1 for IBM i on Power Systems E23436-07 January 2015 JD Edwards EnterpriseOne HTML Server on WebSphere Reference Guide, Release 9.1 for IBM i on Power Systems E23436-07 Copyright © 2011, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. -
Learning the Bash Shell, 3Rd Edition
1 Learning the bash Shell, 3rd Edition Table of Contents 2 Preface bash Versions Summary of bash Features Intended Audience Code Examples Chapter Summary Conventions Used in This Handbook We'd Like to Hear from You Using Code Examples Safari Enabled Acknowledgments for the First Edition Acknowledgments for the Second Edition Acknowledgments for the Third Edition 1. bash Basics 3 1.1. What Is a Shell? 1.2. Scope of This Book 1.3. History of UNIX Shells 1.3.1. The Bourne Again Shell 1.3.2. Features of bash 1.4. Getting bash 1.5. Interactive Shell Use 1.5.1. Commands, Arguments, and Options 1.6. Files 1.6.1. Directories 1.6.2. Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion 1.6.3. Brace Expansion 1.7. Input and Output 1.7.1. Standard I/O 1.7.2. I/O Redirection 1.7.3. Pipelines 1.8. Background Jobs 1.8.1. Background I/O 1.8.2. Background Jobs and Priorities 1.9. Special Characters and Quoting 1.9.1. Quoting 1.9.2. Backslash-Escaping 1.9.3. Quoting Quotation Marks 1.9.4. Continuing Lines 1.9.5. Control Keys 4 1.10. Help 2. Command-Line Editing 2.1. Enabling Command-Line Editing 2.2. The History List 2.3. emacs Editing Mode 2.3.1. Basic Commands 2.3.2. Word Commands 2.3.3. Line Commands 2.3.4. Moving Around in the History List 2.3.5. Textual Completion 2.3.6. Miscellaneous Commands 2.4. vi Editing Mode 2.4.1. -
Shell Scripting
Running Applications on HPC Systems (Using the Shell) Michael Griffiths and Norbert Gyenge Corporate Information and Computing Services The University of Sheffield www.sheffield.ac.uk/cics/research SESSION OUTLINE! 1. Software on the HPC Systems 2. Why use shell programs 3. Basics of shell programming 4. Using variables and parameters 5. User Input during shell script execution 6. Aliases SOFTWARE ON THE HPC SYSTEMS For information on software check the link http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/cics/research/hpc/ Ganglia Portland, GNU,Intel CentOS 64bit Sun of Grid Linux Engine Intel Haswell OpenMPI E5-2630-v3 RUNNING PROGRAMS ON HPC • The login node is the gateway to the cluster of worker nodes and the only one where direct logging in is allowed. • Login node’s main purpose is to allow access to the worker nodes but NOT to run cpu intensive programs. • All cpu-intensive computations must be performed on the worker nodes. This is achieved by the srun --pty bash -i command for the interactive jobs and sbatch command for the batch jobs.! • Once you log into the HPC system, taking advantage of the power of a worker node for interactive work is done simply by typing srun --pty bash -i and working in the new shell window that is opened. This what appears to be a trivial task has would in fact have queried all the worker nodes for you and started a session on the least loaded worker in the cluster. • The next set of slides assume that you are already working on one of the worker nodes. -
Section 2: a Quick Window Manager and Unix Tutorial
2. A quick windowmanager and Unix tutorial (This section last updated August 2012) This section provides •some "getting started" pointers on the graphical windowing environments you will be using, primar- ily on the ECMC Linux system in the room 52 studio, but also with some references and comparisons to comparable Mac OSX and Windows procedures; and •anintroduction to some basic Unix commands and utility programs that can be run from a shell windowonECMC Linux and Macintosh music production systems As noted in section 1, the core of a computer operating system, which implements the most basic sys- tem protocols and operations, is called the kernel.The open source Linux kernel is developed and main- tained by an international group of thousands of volunteers under the direction of Linus Torvalds, who wrote much of the first Linux kernel, modeled after the functionality of Unix operating systems, during the early 1990s. The Linux kernel is updated several times each year,and includes both a stable branch, designed for most users (likeus), and a developmental branch, used by Linux developers to test newfea- tures before theyare incorporated into stable versions of the kernel. Technically,the term "Linux"refers only to an operating system kernel developed by the team of Linux Project programmers under Torvolds’ direction. The GNU (pronounced "ga-NOO") Project is a non- profit organization that supports the development of a broad range of open source applications, without which the Linux kernel would be useless. Manyusers of GNU software on Linux kernels prefer to call their operating system GNU Linux or GNU/Linux.Incommon usage, however, the term Linux often is used loosely to refer to all GNU operating system components as well as the Linux kernel. -
A User's Guide to the Z-Shell
A User’s Guide to the Z-Shell Peter Stephenson 2003/03/23 2 Contents 1 A short introduction 11 1.1 Other shells and other guides . 12 1.2 Versions of zsh . 13 1.3 Conventions . 14 1.4 Acknowledgments . 15 2 What to put in your startup files 17 2.1 Types of shell: interactive and login shells . 17 2.1.1 What is a login shell? Simple tests . 18 2.2 All the startup files . 19 2.3 Options . 21 2.4 Parameters . 21 2.4.1 Arrays . 23 2.5 What to put in your startup files . 24 2.5.1 Compatibility options: SH_WORD_SPLIT and others . 24 2.5.2 Options for csh junkies . 32 2.5.3 The history mechanism: types of history . 34 2.5.4 Setting up history . 36 2.5.5 History options . 37 2.5.6 Prompts . 39 2.5.7 Named directories . 42 2.5.8 ‘Go faster’ options for power users . 43 2.5.9 aliases . 45 2.5.10 Environment variables . 46 3 4 CONTENTS 2.5.11 Path . 47 2.5.12 Mail . 48 2.5.13 Other path-like things . 49 2.5.14 Version-specific things . 50 2.5.15 Everything else . 50 3 Dealing with basic shell syntax 51 3.1 External commands . 51 3.2 Builtin commands . 53 3.2.1 Builtins for printing . 53 3.2.2 Other builtins just for speed . 56 3.2.3 Builtins which change the shell’s state . 57 3.2.4 cd and friends . 59 3.2.5 Command control and information commands .