An Introduction to the C Shell
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Shell Scripting with Bash
Introduction to Shell Scripting with Bash Charles Jahnke Research Computing Services Information Services & Technology Topics for Today ● Introductions ● Basic Terminology ● How to get help ● Command-line vs. Scripting ● Variables ● Handling Arguments ● Standard I/O, Pipes, and Redirection ● Control Structures (loops and If statements) ● SCC Job Submission Example Research Computing Services Research Computing Services (RCS) A group within Information Services & Technology at Boston University provides computing, storage, and visualization resources and services to support research that has specialized or highly intensive computation, storage, bandwidth, or graphics requirements. Three Primary Services: ● Research Computation ● Research Visualization ● Research Consulting and Training Breadth of Research on the Shared Computing Cluster (SCC) Me ● Research Facilitator and Administrator ● Background in biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, and IT systems ● Offices on both CRC and BUMC ○ Most of our staff on the Charles River Campus, some dedicated to BUMC ● Contact: [email protected] You ● Who has experience programming? ● Using Linux? ● Using the Shared Computing Cluster (SCC)? Basic Terminology The Command-line The line on which commands are typed and passed to the shell. Username Hostname Current Directory [username@scc1 ~]$ Prompt Command Line (input) The Shell ● The interface between the user and the operating system ● Program that interprets and executes input ● Provides: ○ Built-in commands ○ Programming control structures ○ Environment -
Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Using the GNU Compiler Collection by Richard M. Stallman and the GCC Developer Community Last updated 23 May 2004 for GCC 3.4.6 For GCC Version 3.4.6 Published by: GNU Press Website: www.gnupress.org a division of the General: [email protected] Free Software Foundation Orders: [email protected] 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Tel 617-542-5942 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Fax 617-542-2652 Last printed October 2003 for GCC 3.3.1. Printed copies are available for $45 each. Copyright c 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being \GNU General Public License" and \Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: A GNU Manual (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development. i Short Contents Introduction ...................................... 1 1 Programming Languages Supported by GCC ............ 3 2 Language Standards Supported by GCC ............... 5 3 GCC Command Options ......................... -
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting from Novice to Professional
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting From Novice to Professional Peter Seebach 10436fmfinal 1 10/23/08 10:40:24 PM Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional Copyright © 2008 by Peter Seebach All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1043-6 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-4302-1043-5 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1044-3 ISBN-10 (electronic): 1-4302-1044-3 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Frank Pohlmann Technical Reviewer: Gary V. Vaughan Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Project Manager: Richard Dal Porto Copy Editor: Kim Benbow Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Katie Stence Compositor: Linda Weidemann, Wolf Creek Press Proofreader: Dan Shaw Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. -
Bash Shell Scripts
Bash Shell Scripts Writing Bash shell scripts Bash shell scripts are text files Text files most efficiently built with programming editors (emacs or vi) File must be executable and in search path chmod 700 my_script PATH environment variable may not include .! An example shell script: #!/bin/bash #My first script echo "Hello World!" Bash Shell Scripts Writing Bash shell scripts Compile a Verilog file with vlog #!/bin/bash if [ ! d work ] ; then echo work does not exist, making it vlib work fi if [ ! s adder.v ] ; then vlog adder.v fi work directory must exist before compilation Get scripts via wget, eg: wget http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~traylor/ece474/script --- Bash Shell Scripts Writing Bash shell scripts File attribute checking #!/bin/bash if [ ! s junk_dir ] ; then mkdir junk_dir fi Spaces around brackets are needed! File attribute checking d exists and is a directory e, a file exists f exists and is a regular file s file exists and is not empty --- Bash Shell Scripts Writing Bash shell scripts Compile Verilog then run a simultion #!/bin/bash if [ ! -d "work" ] ; then vlib work fi if [ -s "adder.v" ] ; then vlog adder.v #runs simulation with a do file and no GUI vsim adder -do do.do quiet c else echo verilog file missing fi --- Bash Shell Scripts Writing Bash shell scripts vsim command and arguments vsim entity_name do dofile.do quiet -c -quiet (do not report loading file messages) -c (console mode, no GUI) -do (run vsim from a TCL do file) +nowarnTFMPC (don’t warn about mismatched ports, scary) +nowarnTSCALE (don’t warn about timing mismatches) Try vsim help for command line arguements --- Bash Shell Scripts Writing Bash Shell Scripts (TCL Script) In another text file, we create a TCL script with commands for the simulator. -
Introduction to Linux by Lars Eklund Based on Work by Marcus Lundberg
Introduction to Linux By Lars Eklund Based on work by Marcus Lundberg ● What is Linux ● Logging in to UPPMAX ● Navigate the file system ● “Basic toolkit” What is Linux ● The Linux Operating system is a UNIX like UNIX compatible Operating system. ● Linux is a Kernel on which many different programs can run. The shell(bash, sh, ksh, csh, tcsh and many more) is one such program ● Linux has a multiuser platform at its base which means permissions and security comes easy. Many Flavours Connect to UPPMAX ● (Download XQuartz or other X11 server for Mac OS ) ● Linux and MacOS: – start Terminal – $ ssh -X [email protected] Connect to UPPMAX for windows users ● Download a X-server such as GWSL or X-ming or VcXsrv or an other of your choosing ● Install WSL and a Distribution such as ubuntu or a ssh program such as MobaXTerm ● Connect to $ ssh -X [email protected] Windows links ● https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/ ● https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/ ● https://opticos.github.io/gwsl/ ● https://sourceforge.net/projects/xming/ ● https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-wi n10 ● Don’t forget to update to wsl2 X11-forwarding graphics from the command line ● Graphics can be sent through the SSH connection you’re using to connect - Use ssh -Y or ssh -X ● MacOS users will need to install XQuartz. ● When starting a graphical program, a new window will open, but your terminal will be “locked”. - Run using & at the end to run it as a background proccess e.g. “gedit &” - Alternatively, use ctrl-z to put gedit to sleep and -
Cygwin User's Guide
Cygwin User’s Guide Cygwin User’s Guide ii Copyright © Cygwin authors Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation provided the copyright notice and this per- mission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. Cygwin User’s Guide iii Contents 1 Cygwin Overview 1 1.1 What is it? . .1 1.2 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with Windows . .1 1.3 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with UNIX . .1 1.4 Are the Cygwin tools free software? . .2 1.5 A brief history of the Cygwin project . .2 1.6 Highlights of Cygwin Functionality . .3 1.6.1 Introduction . .3 1.6.2 Permissions and Security . .3 1.6.3 File Access . .3 1.6.4 Text Mode vs. Binary Mode . .4 1.6.5 ANSI C Library . .4 1.6.6 Process Creation . .5 1.6.6.1 Problems with process creation . .5 1.6.7 Signals . .6 1.6.8 Sockets . .6 1.6.9 Select . .7 1.7 What’s new and what changed in Cygwin . .7 1.7.1 What’s new and what changed in 3.2 . -
C Shell Scripts File Permissions a Simple Spelling Checker Command
Cshell scripts Asimple spelling checker mylatex1.csh #!/bin/csh #!/bin/csh tr -cs "[:alpha:]" "[\n*]" < $1 \ latex file.tex |tr"[:upper:]" "[:lower:]" \ dvips -f file.dvi > file.ps |sort -u > tempfile rm file.aux file.dvi file.log comm -23 tempfile /usr/share/dict/words rm tempfile mylatex2.csh #!/bin/csh Put one word per line \ |convert everything to lowercase \ latex $1.tex |sor t the words,remove duplicates and write the result to ’tempfile’. dvips -f $1.dvi > $1.ps rm $1.aux $1.dvi $1.log Pr int those words in ’tempfile’ that are not in the dictionary. Remove the temporar y file. Graham Kemp,Chalmers University of Technology Graham Kemp,Chalmers University of Technology File permissions Command substitution in a script ls -l To include the output from one command within the command line for another command, enclose the command whose output is to be included rwxrwx rwx within ‘backquotes‘. For example: rwxr -xr -x #!/bin/csh 111101101 echo Date and time is: date echo 1111 011 012 = 7558 echo "Your username is:" ‘whoami‘ echo "Your current directory is:" ‘pwd‘ chmod 755 file.sh chmod u+x file.sh chmod -R a+rX . Graham Kemp,Chalmers University of Technology Graham Kemp,Chalmers University of Technology Editing several files at once (1) sed scripts Suppose wewant to change ‘‘cie’’to‘‘cei’’inall files in the current grep href publications.html \ director y whose name ends with ‘‘.tex’’. |sed ’s/[ˆ"]*"//’ \ |sed ’s/".*//’ #!/bin/csh Instead of giving a single editing command on the command line,wecan ls *.tex | sed ’s/.*/sed s\/cie\/cei\/g & > &tmp/’ > s1 create a script file containing a sequence of editing commands. -
Shell Script & Advance Features of Shell Programming
Kirti Kaushik et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.4 Issue.4, April- 2015, pg. 458-462 Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology ISSN 2320–088X IJCSMC, Vol. 4, Issue. 4, April 2015, pg.458 – 462 RESEARCH ARTICLE Shell Script & Advance Features of Shell Programming Kirti Kaushik* Roll No.15903, CS, Department of Computer science, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123506, India Email: [email protected] Jyoti Yadav Roll No. 15040, CS, Department of Applied Computer science, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123506, India Email: [email protected] Kriti Bhatia Roll No. 15048, CS, Department of Applied Computer science, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123506, India Email: [email protected] Abstract-- In this research paper, the idea of shell scripting and writing computer programs is examined and different parts of shell programming are likewise contemplated. A shell script is a PC system intended to be controlled by the UNIX shell which is a charge line translator. The different tongues of shell scripts are thought to be scripting dialects. Regular operations performed by shell scripts incorporate document control, program execution, and printing content. A shell script can give an advantageous variety ofa framework order where unique environment settings, charge alternatives, or post-transforming apply naturally, yet in a manner that permits the new script to still go about as a completely typical UNIX summon. The real ideas like Programming in the Borne and C-shell, in which it would be clarified that how shell programming could be possible in Borne and C-shell. -
SOAP / REST and IBM I
1/11/18 SOPA / REST and IBM i Tim Rowe- [email protected] Business Architect Application Development © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation Using a REST API with Watson https://ibm-i-watson-test.mybluemix.net/ 2 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 1 1/11/18 ™ What is an API - Agenda •What is an API •What is a Web Service •SOAP vs REST – What is SOAP – What is REST – Benefits – Drawbacks 3 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ Connections Devices There Here Applications 4 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 2 1/11/18 ™ 5 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ 6 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 3 1/11/18 ™ 7 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ 8 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 4 1/11/18 ™ API Definition Application Programming Interface 9 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ API Definition 10 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 5 1/11/18 ™ APIs - Simple Simple way to connect endpoints. Send a request and receive a response. 11 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ Example Kitchen 12 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 6 1/11/18 ™ 13 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ Not just a buzz-word, but rather the evolution of services- oriented IT. Allows users, businesses & partners the ability to interact in new and different ways resulting in the growth (in some cases the revolution) of business. 14 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation -
A Brief Introduction to the Use of Shell Variables
A Brief Introduction to the Use of Shell Variables Norman Matloff July 25, 2001 Contents 1 Two Popular Shells: tcsh and bash 1.1 Overview There are many different shells available for Unix systems. Here we focus on two of the most popular ones, tcsh and bash. Other shells tend to be very similar to one or both of these. Your Unix account has a preset login shell for you, typically tcsh in academic settings and bash in Linux. When you log in, a shell of the given type is automatically started for you. (This can be seen in the file /etc/passwd.) If you wish to temporarily run a different shell, just type its name. If you wish to change your login shell, run the chsh command. 1.2 Command Commonality Among Shells Most of what people tend to think of as “basic Unix commands” are actually shell commands which are common to almost all of the shells. So for example you could type cd /abc/def to change to the directory /abc/def in either tcsh or bash.1 2 Shell Variables 2.1 Introduction to Shell Variable Syntax The tcsh shell uses “set” and = for the assignment operation. For example, 1Technically speaking, the “change directory” command for Unix itself is chdir(), a function which must be called from a program. A shell is a program, and when for example you issue the cd command to a shell, that program in turn calls chdir(). 1 set x = 3 would assign the value 3 to the shell variable x. -
Shell Variables
Shell Using the command line Orna Agmon ladypine at vipe.technion.ac.il Haifux Shell – p. 1/55 TOC Various shells Customizing the shell getting help and information Combining simple and useful commands output redirection lists of commands job control environment variables Remote shell textual editors textual clients references Shell – p. 2/55 What is the shell? The shell is the wrapper around the system: a communication means between the user and the system The shell is the manner in which the user can interact with the system through the terminal. The shell is also a script interpreter. The simplest script is a bunch of shell commands. Shell scripts are used in order to boot the system. The user can also write and execute shell scripts. Shell – p. 3/55 Shell - which shell? There are several kinds of shells. For example, bash (Bourne Again Shell), csh, tcsh, zsh, ksh (Korn Shell). The most important shell is bash, since it is available on almost every free Unix system. The Linux system scripts use bash. The default shell for the user is set in the /etc/passwd file. Here is a line out of this file for example: dana:x:500:500:Dana,,,:/home/dana:/bin/bash This line means that user dana uses bash (located on the system at /bin/bash) as her default shell. Shell – p. 4/55 Starting to work in another shell If Dana wishes to temporarily use another shell, she can simply call this shell from the command line: [dana@granada ˜]$ bash dana@granada:˜$ #In bash now dana@granada:˜$ exit [dana@granada ˜]$ bash dana@granada:˜$ #In bash now, going to hit ctrl D dana@granada:˜$ exit [dana@granada ˜]$ #In original shell now Shell – p. -
Examining the Hamilton C Shell
EXAMINING ROO M Examining the Hamilton C Shell Unix power for OS/2 Scott Richman tarting OS/2 for the first time was, file system), long filenames, and threads. in the background and the server will for me, like unlocking a Ferarri, Additionally, the Shell supports large be kept busy. sitting behind its wheel and find command lines and pipes (up to 64K) ing a Yugo's dash. What a disap and includes faster and more powerful Supporting Procedures pointment. Sure, the engine and utilities than those supplied with OS/2. Script programmers can create C Shell suspensionS were first rate, but the con This is more than Unix - this is a pow procedures, which are more like func trols were minimal, the clutch was stiff, erful requirement for development un tions: They accept a parameter list and and the pedals were nonresponsive! der OS/2. The ability to execute C shells return a value. These procedures are OS/2 comes with great stuff, but CMD simultaneously in different Presenta compiled into C Shell memory and are .EXE, the default command-line pro tion Manager (PM) text windows con then executed as new shell commands. cessor, is poor compared to the pow verts your PC into a flexible workstation. Procedures can greatly extend the erfuloperating system beneath. CMD.EXE The Hamilton C Shell comes with power and flexibility of your environ appears to be a port of the MS-DOS many programs and shell scripts. To ment. COMMAND.COM and lacks the major install the Shell, you simply copy the As an example, consider ZCW.CSH features of a serious front end.