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Shell Scripting with Bash
Introduction to Shell Scripting with Bash Charles Jahnke Research Computing Services Information Services & Technology Topics for Today ● Introductions ● Basic Terminology ● How to get help ● Command-line vs. Scripting ● Variables ● Handling Arguments ● Standard I/O, Pipes, and Redirection ● Control Structures (loops and If statements) ● SCC Job Submission Example Research Computing Services Research Computing Services (RCS) A group within Information Services & Technology at Boston University provides computing, storage, and visualization resources and services to support research that has specialized or highly intensive computation, storage, bandwidth, or graphics requirements. Three Primary Services: ● Research Computation ● Research Visualization ● Research Consulting and Training Breadth of Research on the Shared Computing Cluster (SCC) Me ● Research Facilitator and Administrator ● Background in biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, and IT systems ● Offices on both CRC and BUMC ○ Most of our staff on the Charles River Campus, some dedicated to BUMC ● Contact: [email protected] You ● Who has experience programming? ● Using Linux? ● Using the Shared Computing Cluster (SCC)? Basic Terminology The Command-line The line on which commands are typed and passed to the shell. Username Hostname Current Directory [username@scc1 ~]$ Prompt Command Line (input) The Shell ● The interface between the user and the operating system ● Program that interprets and executes input ● Provides: ○ Built-in commands ○ Programming control structures ○ Environment -
Wait, I Don't Want to Be the Linux Administrator for SAS VA
SESUG Paper 88-2017 Wait, I don’t want to be the Linux Administrator for SAS VA Jonathan Boase; Zencos Consulting ABSTRACT Whether you are a new SAS administrator or switching to a Linux environment, you have a complex mission. This job becomes even more formidable when you are working with a system like SAS Visual Analytics that requires multiple users loading data daily. Eventually a user will have data issues or create a disruption that causes the system to malfunction. When that happens, what do you do next? In this paper, we will go through the basics of a SAS Visual Analytics Linux environment and how to troubleshoot the system when issues arise. INTRODUCTION Many companies choose to implement SAS Visual Analytics in a Linux environment. With a distributed deployment, it’s the only choice but many chose this operating system because it reduces operating costs. If you are the newly chosen SAS platform administrator, you might be more versed in a Windows environment and feel intimidated by Linux. This paper introduces using basic Linux commands and methods for troubleshooting a SAS Visual Analytics environment. The paper assumes that SAS Visual Analytics is installed on a SAS 9.4 platform for Linux and that the reader has some familiarity with other operating systems, such as Windows. PLATFORM ADMINISTRATION 101 SAS platform administrators work with three main product areas. Each area provides a different functionality based on the task the administrator needs to perform. The following figure defines each area and provides a general overview of its purpose. Figure 1 Platform Administrator Tools Operating System SAS Management SAS Environment •Contains installed Console Manager software •Access and manage the •Monitor the •Contains logs used for metadata environment troubleshooting •Control database •Configure custom alerts •Administer host system connections users •Manage user accounts •Manage the LASR server With any operating system, there is always a lot to learn. -
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet - Command line interface (as opposed to a GUI - graphical user interface) - Used to execute programs - Commands are small programs that do something useful - There are many commands already included with Windows, but we will use a few. - A filepath is where you are in the filesystem • C: is the C drive • C:\user\Documents is the Documents folder • C:\user\Documents\hello.c is a file in the Documents folder Command What it Does Usage dir Displays a list of a folder’s files dir (shows current folder) and subfolders dir myfolder cd Displays the name of the current cd filepath chdir directory or changes the current chdir filepath folder. cd .. (goes one directory up) md Creates a folder (directory) md folder-name mkdir mkdir folder-name rm Deletes a folder (directory) rm folder-name rmdir rmdir folder-name rm /s folder-name rmdir /s folder-name Note: if the folder isn’t empty, you must add the /s. copy Copies a file from one location to copy filepath-from filepath-to another move Moves file from one folder to move folder1\file.txt folder2\ another ren Changes the name of a file ren file1 file2 rename del Deletes one or more files del filename exit Exits batch script or current exit command control echo Used to display a message or to echo message turn off/on messages in batch scripts type Displays contents of a text file type myfile.txt fc Compares two files and displays fc file1 file2 the difference between them cls Clears the screen cls help Provides more details about help (lists all commands) DOS/Command Prompt help command commands Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754340.aspx. -
Name Synopsis Description
Perl version 5.10.0 documentation - vmsish NAME vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features SYNOPSIS use vmsish; use vmsish 'status';# or '$?' use vmsish 'exit'; use vmsish 'time'; use vmsish 'hushed'; no vmsish 'hushed'; vmsish::hushed($hush); use vmsish; no vmsish 'time'; DESCRIPTION If no import list is supplied, all possible VMS-specific features areassumed. Currently, there are four VMS-specific features available:'status' (a.k.a '$?'), 'exit', 'time' and 'hushed'. If you're not running VMS, this module does nothing. vmsish status This makes $? and system return the native VMS exit statusinstead of emulating the POSIX exit status. vmsish exit This makes exit 1 produce a successful exit (with status SS$_NORMAL),instead of emulating UNIX exit(), which considers exit 1 to indicatean error. As with the CRTL's exit() function, exit 0 is also mappedto an exit status of SS$_NORMAL, and any other argument to exit() isused directly as Perl's exit status. vmsish time This makes all times relative to the local time zone, instead of thedefault of Universal Time (a.k.a Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT). vmsish hushed This suppresses printing of VMS status messages to SYS$OUTPUT andSYS$ERROR if Perl terminates with an error status. and allowsprograms that are expecting "unix-style" Perl to avoid having to parseVMS error messages. It does not suppress any messages from Perlitself, just the messages generated by DCL after Perl exits. The DCLsymbol $STATUS will still have the termination status, but with ahigh-order bit set: EXAMPLE:$ perl -e"exit 44;" Non-hushed error exit%SYSTEM-F-ABORT, abort DCL message$ show sym $STATUS$STATUS == "%X0000002C" $ perl -e"use vmsish qw(hushed); exit 44;" Hushed error exit $ show sym $STATUS $STATUS == "%X1000002C" The 'hushed' flag has a global scope during compilation: the exit() ordie() commands that are compiled after 'vmsish hushed' will be hushedwhen they are executed. -
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting from Novice to Professional
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting From Novice to Professional Peter Seebach 10436fmfinal 1 10/23/08 10:40:24 PM Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional Copyright © 2008 by Peter Seebach All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1043-6 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-4302-1043-5 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1044-3 ISBN-10 (electronic): 1-4302-1044-3 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Frank Pohlmann Technical Reviewer: Gary V. Vaughan Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Project Manager: Richard Dal Porto Copy Editor: Kim Benbow Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Katie Stence Compositor: Linda Weidemann, Wolf Creek Press Proofreader: Dan Shaw Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. -
Mac OS 8 Update
K Service Source Mac OS 8 Update Known problems, Internet Access, and Installation Mac OS 8 Update Document Contents - 1 Document Contents • Introduction • About Mac OS 8 • About Internet Access What To Do First Additional Software Auto-Dial and Auto-Disconnect Settings TCP/IP Connection Options and Internet Access Length of Configuration Names Modem Scripts & Password Length Proxies and Other Internet Config Settings Web Browser Issues Troubleshooting • About Mac OS Runtime for Java Version 1.0.2 • About Mac OS Personal Web Sharing • Installing Mac OS 8 • Upgrading Workgroup Server 9650 & 7350 Software Mac OS 8 Update Introduction - 2 Introduction Mac OS 8 is the most significant update to the Macintosh operating system since 1984. The updated system gives users PowerPC-native multitasking, an efficient desktop with new pop-up windows and spring-loaded folders, and a fully integrated suite of Internet services. This document provides information about Mac OS 8 that supplements the information in the Mac OS installation manual. For a detailed description of Mac OS 8, useful tips for using the system, troubleshooting, late-breaking news, and links for online technical support, visit the Mac OS Info Center at http://ip.apple.com/infocenter. Or browse the Mac OS 8 topic in the Apple Technical Library at http:// tilsp1.info.apple.com. Mac OS 8 Update About Mac OS 8 - 3 About Mac OS 8 Read this section for information about known problems with the Mac OS 8 update and possible solutions. Known Problems and Compatibility Issues Apple Language Kits and Mac OS 8 Apple's Language Kits require an updater for full functionality with this version of the Mac OS. -
Drilling Network Stacks with Packetdrill
Drilling Network Stacks with packetdrill NEAL CARDWELL AND BARATH RAGHAVAN Neal Cardwell received an M.S. esting and troubleshooting network protocols and stacks can be in Computer Science from the painstaking. To ease this process, our team built packetdrill, a tool University of Washington, with that lets you write precise scripts to test entire network stacks, from research focused on TCP and T the system call layer down to the NIC hardware. packetdrill scripts use a Web performance. He joined familiar syntax and run in seconds, making them easy to use during develop- Google in 2002. Since then he has worked on networking software for google.com, the ment, debugging, and regression testing, and for learning and investigation. Googlebot web crawler, the network stack in Have you ever had the experience of staring at a long network trace, trying to figure out what the Linux kernel, and TCP performance and on earth went wrong? When a network protocol is not working right, how might you find the testing. [email protected] problem and fix it? Although tools like tcpdump allow us to peek under the hood, and tools like netperf help measure networks end-to-end, reproducing behavior is still hard, and know- Barath Raghavan received a ing when an issue has been fixed is even harder. Ph.D. in Computer Science from UC San Diego and a B.S. from These are the exact problems that our team used to encounter on a regular basis during UC Berkeley. He joined Google kernel network stack development. Here we describe packetdrill, which we built to enable in 2012 and was previously a scriptable network stack testing. -
Linux Tutorial Last Updated: September 29 2021 for Windows Users
VLAAMS SUPERCOMPUTER Innovative Computing CENTRUM for A Smarter Flanders Linux Tutorial Last updated: September 29 2021 For Windows Users Authors: Jasper Devreker (UGent), Ewan Higgs (UGent), Kenneth Hoste (UGent) Acknowledgement: VSCentrum.be Audience: This document is a hands-on guide for using the Linux command line in the context of the UGent HPC infrastructure. The command line (sometimes called ’shell’) can seems daunting at first, but with a little understanding can be very easy to use. Everything you do startsatthe prompt. Here you have the liberty to type in any commands you want. Soon, you will be able to move past the limited point and click interface and express interesting ideas to the computer using the shell. Gaining an understanding of the fundamentals of Linux will help accelerate your research using the HPC infrastructure. You will learn about commands, managing files, and some scripting basics. Notification: In$ commands this tutorial specific commands are separated from the accompanying text: These should be entered by the reader at a command line in a terminal on the UGent-HPC. They appear in all exercises preceded by a $ and printed in bold. You’ll find those actions ina grey frame. Button are menus, buttons or drop down boxes to be pressed or selected. “Directory” is the notation for directories (called “folders” in Windows terminology) or specific files. (e.g., “/user/home/gent/vsc400/vsc40000”) “Text” Is the notation for text to be entered. Tip: A “Tip” paragraph is used for remarks or tips. They can also be downloaded from the VSC website at https://www.vscentrum.be. -
SOAP / REST and IBM I
1/11/18 SOPA / REST and IBM i Tim Rowe- [email protected] Business Architect Application Development © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation Using a REST API with Watson https://ibm-i-watson-test.mybluemix.net/ 2 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 1 1/11/18 ™ What is an API - Agenda •What is an API •What is a Web Service •SOAP vs REST – What is SOAP – What is REST – Benefits – Drawbacks 3 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ Connections Devices There Here Applications 4 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 2 1/11/18 ™ 5 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ 6 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 3 1/11/18 ™ 7 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ 8 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 4 1/11/18 ™ API Definition Application Programming Interface 9 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ API Definition 10 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 5 1/11/18 ™ APIs - Simple Simple way to connect endpoints. Send a request and receive a response. 11 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ Example Kitchen 12 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 6 1/11/18 ™ 13 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation ™ Not just a buzz-word, but rather the evolution of services- oriented IT. Allows users, businesses & partners the ability to interact in new and different ways resulting in the growth (in some cases the revolution) of business. 14 © 2017 International Business Machines Corporation -
“Linux at the Command Line” Don Johnson of BU IS&T We’Ll Start with a Sign in Sheet
“Linux at the Command Line” Don Johnson of BU IS&T We’ll start with a sign in sheet. We’ll end with a class evaluation. We’ll cover as much as we can in the time allowed; if we don’t cover everything, you’ll pick it up as you continue working with Linux. This is a hands-on, lab class; ask questions at any time. Commands for you to type are in BOLD The Most Common O/S Used By BU Researchers When Working on a Server or Computer Cluster Linux is a Unix clone begun in 1991 and written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. 64% of the world’s servers run some variant of Unix or Linux. The Android phone and the Kindle run Linux. a set of small Linux is an O/S core programs written by written by Linus Richard Stallman and Torvalds and others others. They are the AND GNU utilities. http://www.gnu.org/ Network: ssh, scp Shells: BASH, TCSH, clear, history, chsh, echo, set, setenv, xargs System Information: w, whoami, man, info, which, free, echo, date, cal, df, free Command Information: man, info Symbols: |, >, >>, <, ;, ~, ., .. Filters: grep, egrep, more, less, head, tail Hotkeys: <ctrl><c>, <ctrl><d> File System: ls, mkdir, cd, pwd, mv, touch, file, find, diff, cmp, du, chmod, find File Editors: gedit, nedit You need a “xterm” emulation – software that emulates an “X” terminal and that connects using the “SSH” Secure Shell protocol. ◦ Windows Use StarNet “X-Win32:” http://www.bu.edu/tech/support/desktop/ distribution/xwindows/xwin32/ ◦ Mac OS X “Terminal” is already installed Why? Darwin, the system on which Apple's Mac OS X is built, is a derivative of 4.4BSD-Lite2 and FreeBSD. -
Xerox 4050/4090/4450/4650 Laser Printing Systems Message Guide
XEROX Xerox 4050/4090/4450/4650 Laser Printing Systems Message Guide April 1995 720P93980 Xerox Corporation 701 S. Aviation Boulevard El Segundo, CA 90245 © 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 by Xerox Corporation. All rights reserved. Copyright protection claimed includes all forms and matters of copyrightable material and information now allowed by statutory or judicial law or hereinafter granted, including without limitation, material generated from the software programs which are displayed on the screen, such as icons, screen displays, looks, etc. Printed in the United States of America Publication number: 720P93980 Xerox® and all Xerox products mentioned in this publication are trademarks of Xerox Corporation. Products and trademarks of other companies are also acknowledged. Changes are periodically made to this document. Changes, technical inaccuracies, and typographic errors will be corrected in subsequent editions. This document was created on the Xerox 6085 Professional Computer System using GobalView software. The typeface is Optima. Table of contents Introduction vii Document conventions vii Related publications viii 1. Compress command messages 1-1 2. Data Capture Utility messages 2-1 System failure or reload messages 2-6 3. Disk Save and Restore command messages 3-1 4. File Conversion Utility messages 4-1 5. General Floppy Utility messages 5-1 FLF messages 5-15 6. Forms Description Language compilation messages 6-1 7. Host Interface Processor messages 7-1 8. Interpress Font Utility messages 8-1 9. Operating System Software messages 9-1 OS level 0: Confirmation messages 9-1 OS level 1: Informational messages 9-7 OS level 2: Routine maintenance messages 9-37 OS level 3: Printer problem messages 9-59 OS level 4: System or tape problem messages 9-64 OS level 6: Job integrity problem messages 9-68 OS level 7: System problem messages 9-88 OS level 8: Probable severe software errors 9-93 OS level 9: Probable severe hardware errors 9-99 10. -
Your Performance Task Summary Explanation
Lab Report: 11.2.5 Manage Files Your Performance Your Score: 0 of 3 (0%) Pass Status: Not Passed Elapsed Time: 6 seconds Required Score: 100% Task Summary Actions you were required to perform: In Compress the D:\Graphics folderHide Details Set the Compressed attribute Apply the changes to all folders and files In Hide the D:\Finances folder In Set Read-only on filesHide Details Set read-only on 2017report.xlsx Set read-only on 2018report.xlsx Do not set read-only for the 2019report.xlsx file Explanation In this lab, your task is to complete the following: Compress the D:\Graphics folder and all of its contents. Hide the D:\Finances folder. Make the following files Read-only: D:\Finances\2017report.xlsx D:\Finances\2018report.xlsx Complete this lab as follows: 1. Compress a folder as follows: a. From the taskbar, open File Explorer. b. Maximize the window for easier viewing. c. In the left pane, expand This PC. d. Select Data (D:). e. Right-click Graphics and select Properties. f. On the General tab, select Advanced. g. Select Compress contents to save disk space. h. Click OK. i. Click OK. j. Make sure Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files is selected. k. Click OK. 2. Hide a folder as follows: a. Right-click Finances and select Properties. b. Select Hidden. c. Click OK. 3. Set files to Read-only as follows: a. Double-click Finances to view its contents. b. Right-click 2017report.xlsx and select Properties. c. Select Read-only. d. Click OK. e.