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(Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae): a New Genus of Lacewings with Four Species from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

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(Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae): a New Genus of Lacewings with Four Species from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China Chorilingia (Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae): a new genus of lacewings with four species from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China CHAO-FAN SHI, YONG-JIE WANG, QIANG YANG and DONG REN SHI, C.F., WANG, Y.J., YANG,Q.&REN, D., September 2012. Chorilingia (Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae): a new genus of lacewings with four species from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Alcheringa 36, 309–318. ISSN 0311-5518. A new grammolingiid genus, Chorilingia containing four new species (C. euryptera, C. parvica, C. translucida and C. peregrina) is described and illustrated from the Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The new genus is differentiated mainly on the first branch of vein Rs (Rs1) separating distal to the forks of both CuA and CuP. A key to species of the genus is provided. Chaofan Shi, Yongjie Wang, Qiang Yang, Dong Ren [[email protected]], Key Lab of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China. Received 31.8.2011, revised 2.11.2011, accepted 25.11.2011. Key words: Grammolingiidae, Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation, China. GRAMMOLINGIIDAE, an extinct family of Neu- lingiidae with ten species have been described from the roptera, has been found only in upper Mesozoic strata Mesozoic of China and Mongolia (Ren 2002, Khra- of northeastern China and Mongolia. This remarkable mov 2010, Liu et al. 2011, Shi et al. 2011; Table 1). The family, together with its contemporaneous relatives genera were mainly differentiated by the termination Kalligrammatidae, Panfiloviidae, Aetheogrammatidae positions of vein 1A, the separation of the most and Saucrosmylinae (an extinct subfamily of Osmyli- proximal branch of Rs, and the position of the forks of dae), represent a special group of Mesozoic Neurop- CuA and CuP. The species are separated by the tera having large body size, complex venation and configuration of veins CuA, CuP, Rs and wing narrow geographic distribution. However, the phylo- markings. geny of these families remains unresolved. To date, Most species of Grammolingiidae in this study only a few phylogenetic analyses have included both were collected from the outcrop at Daohugou, Inner extant and extinct lacewings. Based on phylogenetic Mongolia, China. This deposit is well known for its relationships resolved among some living and fossil rich insect fauna incorporating 19 orders, e.g., lineages of Neuropterida (Grimaldi & Engel 2005, Ephemeroptera (Huang et al. 2008), Odonata (Zhang Engel & Grimaldi 2008), Grammolingiidae has been et al. 2008), Plecoptera (Liu et al. 2007), Blattodea assigned to the suborder Myrmeleontiformia. This (Liang et al. 2009), Heteroptera (Yao et al. 2006), Downloaded by [Museum fuer Naturkunde], [Chaofan Shi] at 07:45 22 October 2012 family is clearly distinguished by the following Homoptera (Wang et al. 2007), Neuroptera (Ren characters: biareolate costal area in the forewings; 2002), Coleoptera (Tan et al. 2006), Hymenoptera Sc, R1 and Rs stem parallel with the costal margin for (Shih et al. 2009) and Diptera (Zhang et al. 2010). almost the whole length, terminating freely; subcostal Additionally, spiders (Selden et al. 2008), freshwater area and space between R1 and Rs as broad as the diplostracans (Zhang et al. 1987), salamanders (Gao & costal area, with numerous crossveins; cubital area Shubin 2003), feathered dinosaurs (Xu & Zhang 2005), broad, CuA with numerous branches; and two or pterosaurs (Ji & Yuan 2002) and mammals (Ji et al. three rows of cells present between the basal part of 1A 2006) have been recovered from this locality. Accord- and 2A. ing to 40Ar/39Ar and SHRIMP U–Pb dating and Compared with related families of Neuroptera, biostratigraphic interpretations, the fossil-bearing Grammolingiidae appears to be less diverse in beds are of Middle Jurassic age (165 Ma: Shen morphology. To date, only three genera of Grammo- et al. 2003, Chen et al. 2004, Rasnitsyn & Zhang 2004, Gao & Ren 2006, Liu et al. 2006). The Capital Normal University collection hosts ISSN 0311-5518 (print)/ISSN 1752-0754 (online) Ó 2012 Association of Australasian Palaeontologists more than 700 grammolingiid specimens. Here, we http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2012.644994 describe a new genus, Chorilingia, with four new 310 CHAO-FAN SHI et al. ALCHERINGA Species Citations Age (Ma) Epoch Localities Grammolingia boi Ren (2002) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Leptolingia calonervis Shi et al. (2011) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Leptolingia imminuta Liu et al. (2011) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Leptolingia jurassica Ren (2002) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Leptolingia shartegica Khramov (2010) 150.8–145.5 Late Jurassic Mongolia Leptolingia tianyiensis Ren (2002) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Litholingia eumorpha Ren (2002) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Litholingia polychotoma Ren (2002) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Litholingia ptesa Shi et al. (2011) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Litholingia rhora Ren (2002) 161.2–167.7 Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia, China Table 1. Distribution of the published genera and species of Grammolingiidae. species: C. euryptera, C. parvica, C. translucida and Diagnosis. Wings narrowly elliptical. Forewing: tri- C. peregrina from Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. chosors present at distal part of costal and outer margins; costal region with double rows of cells; Rs with six to nine branches; the most proximal branch of Material and methods Rs separating far from the origin of Rs, about at the The specimens described here were collected from the basal one-third of the wing length, distal to the forks of Jiulongshan Formation of Middle Jurassic age at CuA and CuP; CuA and CuP separating at wing base, Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. They were exam- both forked in the proximal one-third to one-fourth of ined using a Leica MZ 7.5 dissecting microscope and the wing length. Hindwing: costal area narrower than illustrated with the aid of a drawing tube attachment. that of forewing, with only one row of cells; CuP Partially magnified images of the specimens were taken pectinate, with fewer branches than forewing. using a Nikon SMZ1000 camera attachment. Line drawings were prepared with Adobe Illustrator CS5 Remarks. According to Lawrence et al. (1991), RA and Adobe Photoshop CS5 graphics software. The (corresponding to R1 in this paper) and CuA are the photographs were taken with a Nikon D100 Digital strongest veins in the wings; the positions and patterns Camera. Specimens of the new species are deposited in of radius and cubitus forking may play an important the Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental part in the wing structure. In Myrmeleontidae, the Changes, the College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal differences in configuration of Rs and CuA in the University, Beijing, China (CNU, Ren Dong, Cura- forewings are usually used for the identification of tor). tribes (Wang et al. 2003). Given the similarity between Myrmeleontidae and Grammolingiidae in wing shape, broad cubital area, numerous branches and dense Venation abbreviation crossveins, we consider that it is reasonable to employ 1A, 2A, 3A ¼ anal veins; CuA ¼ anterior cubitus; the positions of the first fork of the Rs and the forks of CuP ¼ posterior cubitus; MA ¼ anterior media; CuA and CuP as diagnostic features among genera in MP ¼ posterior media; R1 ¼ the first branch of radius; the Grammolingiidae. Therefore, the new genus is Rs ¼ radial sector; Sc ¼ subcosta. The basic terminol- distinguished from the three other genera of Gram- Downloaded by [Museum fuer Naturkunde], [Chaofan Shi] at 07:45 22 October 2012 ogy of the wing venation follows the schemes of New molingiidae by the first branch of Rs separating from (1989) and Ren (2002). the Rs stem distal to the forks of CuA and CuP, about at one-third of the wing length from base. Within the new genus, most species bear two sets of cells in the Systematic palaeontology costal area along whole length of the wing (with Order NEUROPTERA Linnaeus, 1758 the exception of Chorilingia parvica sp. nov., which has Family GRAMMOLINGIIDAE Ren, 2002 double costal cells only in the basal part of the costal area). This phenomenon also occurs in Leptolingia Chorilingia gen. nov. (Grammolingiidae: L. tianyiensis Ren, 2002). Groups with biareolate costal regions are rare among Neu- Etymology. The new genus name is a combination of roptera, only occurring in Myrmeleontidae (Acantha- the Greek chori- (meaning ‘distant’) and the Chinese clisinae; New 1985). ‘Ling’ (meaning lacewing) referring to the Rs being forked distally in the forewing. The gender is feminine. Stratigraphic and geographic range. The genus is known only from the Jiulongshan Formation (Middle Type species. Chorilingia euryptera sp. nov. Jurassic) at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. ALCHERINGA JURASSIC LACEWINGS FROM CHINA 311 Key to the species of Chorilingia gen. nov. dilated and isometric. Mesonotom with fully devel- oped sclerites, scutum large, scutellum triangular. 1. Forewing with costal cells doubled along all, or Metanotum consisting of complete sclerites, scutelum most of its length . ............................................ 2 slightly smaller and triangular. Abdomen with eight Costal cells doubled in the proximal half of the segments visible (Fig. 3). forewing . .............................. C. parvica sp. nov. Wings elongated, somewhat falcate, hindwings 2. In the forewing, the MP is forked distal to longer than forewings. Posterior margin convex and separation of MA from Rs . ............................. 3 outer margin concave in hindwing. All wings hyaline, In the forewing, the MP is forked before with fuscous stripes parallel across the whole wings separation of MA from Rs . .......C. translucida (Figs 1A, 2A–D, 3). The fuscous stripes are repre- sp. nov. sented from the wing base on the forewings, and are 3. MA forked in the distal part of the also present at the apex. Hindwing hyaline at base, forewing .
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