The Antonine Wall: Rome's Final Frontier Teachers' Resource Pack
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The Antonine Wall, the Roman Frontier in Scotland, Was the Most and Northerly Frontier of the Roman Empire for a Generation from AD 142
Breeze The Antonine Wall, the Roman frontier in Scotland, was the most and northerly frontier of the Roman Empire for a generation from AD 142. Hanson It is a World Heritage Site and Scotland’s largest ancient monument. The Antonine Wall Today, it cuts across the densely populated central belt between Forth (eds) and Clyde. In The Antonine Wall: Papers in Honour of Professor Lawrence Keppie, Papers in honour of nearly 40 archaeologists, historians and heritage managers present their researches on the Antonine Wall in recognition of the work Professor Lawrence Keppie of Lawrence Keppie, formerly Professor of Roman History and Wall Antonine The Archaeology at the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University, who spent edited by much of his academic career recording and studying the Wall. The 32 papers cover a wide variety of aspects, embracing the environmental and prehistoric background to the Wall, its structure, planning and David J. Breeze and William S. Hanson construction, military deployment on its line, associated artefacts and inscriptions, the logistics of its supply, as well as new insights into the study of its history. Due attention is paid to the people of the Wall, not just the ofcers and soldiers, but their womenfolk and children. Important aspects of the book are new developments in the recording, interpretation and presentation of the Antonine Wall to today’s visitors. Considerable use is also made of modern scientifc techniques, from pollen, soil and spectrographic analysis to geophysical survey and airborne laser scanning. In short, the papers embody present- day cutting edge research on, and summarise the most up-to-date understanding of, Rome’s shortest-lived frontier. -
Antonine Wall - Castlecary Fort
Property in Care (PIC) ID: PIC170 Designations: Scheduled Monument (SM90009) Taken into State care: 1961 (Guardianship) Last reviewed: 2005 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT SCOTLAND STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ANTONINE WALL - CASTLECARY FORT We continually revise our Statements of Significance, so they may vary in length, format and level of detail. While every effort is made to keep them up to date, they should not be considered a definitive or final assessment of our properties. Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH ANTONINE WALL – CASTLECARY FORT BRIEF DESCRIPTION The property is part of the Antonine Wall and contains the remains of a Roman fort and annexe with a stretch of Antonine Wall to the north-east of the fort. The Edinburgh-Glasgow railway cuts across the south section of the fort while modern buildings disturb the north-east corner of the fort and ditch. The Antonine Wall is a linear Roman frontier system of wall and ditch accompanied at stages by forts and fortlets, linked by a road system, stretching for 60km from Bo’ness on the Forth to Old Kilpatrick on the Clyde. It is one of only three linear barriers along the 2000km European frontier of the Roman Empire. These systems are unique to Britain and Germany. CHARACTER OF THE MONUMENT Historical Overview Archaeological finds indicate the site was used during the Flavian period (AD 79- 87/88). Antonine Wall construction initiated by Emperor Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161) after a successful campaign in AD 139/142 by the Governor of Britain, Lollius Urbicus. -
A Roman Altar from Westerwood on the Antonine Wall by R
A Roman Altar from Westerwood on the Antonine Wall by R. P. Wright The altar here illustrated (PI. 23a) was found3 in ploughing in the spring of 1963 perhaps within r moro , e likel fore f Westerwoowesth e o ty , th jus of to t tAntonine th n do e Walle Th . precise spot could not be determined, but as the altar was unofficial it is more likely to have lain outsiddragges fortboundare e wa aree th th t I ef .fieldth e o d a o t th f ,y o wherrecognise s wa t ei d two days later by Master James Walker and was transferred to Dollar Park Museum. The altar4 is of buff sandstone, 10 in. wide by 25 in. high by 9£ in. thick, and has a rosette with recessed centr focus e plac n stonei e th severas f Th eo .e ha l plough-score bace d th kan n so right side, and was slightly chipped when being hauled off the field, fortunately without any dam- age to the inscription. Much of the lettering was at first obscured by a dark and apparently ferrous concretion, but after some weeks of slow drying this could be brushed off, leaving a slight reddish staininscriptioe Th . n reads: SILVANIS [ET] | QUADRVIS CA[E]|LESTIB-SACR | VIBIA PACATA | FL-VERECV[ND]I | D LEG-VI-VIC | CUM SVIS | V-S-L-M Silvanis Quadr(i)viset Caelestib(us) sacr(wri) Vibia Pacata Fl(avi) Verecundi (uxor) c(enturionis) leg(ionis) VI Vic(tricis) cum suis v(ptum) s(olvii) l(ibens) m(erito) 'Sacred to the Silvanae Quadriviae Caelestes: Vibia Pacata, wife of Flavius Verecundus, centurion Sixte oth f h Legion Victrix, wit r familhhe y willingl deservedld yan y fulfille r vow.he d ' Dedications expressed to Silvanus in the singular are fairly common in Britain,5 as in other provinces. -
Roman Inscriptions from Scotland: Some Additions and Corrections to RIB I L J F Keppie*
Proc Antigc So Scot, (1983)3 11 , 391-404 Roman inscriptions from Scotland: some additions and corrections to RIB I L J F Keppie* Nearl year0 y2 s have elapsed sinc completioe th e WrighP R firse f wory th o tn tb n ko volum Romane Th f eo Inscriptions f Britain,o which provide detaileda d descriptio drawd nan - more in f eacth go f eho than 2000 inscribed stones foun Britai n di 195o t p 4nu (Collingwoo d & Wright 1965). Of these about 125 derived from Scotland. Since then a further 19 stones (some complete, others fragmentary) have come to light within Scotland's modern political boundaries. Most have already received definitiv t leasa r eto preliminary publicatio varieta n i y of journals, but it may be of use, since the appearance of supplements to RIB remains a distant prospect havo t , e these collecte singla n i d e place additionn I . numbea , f improveo r d read- ings to published inscriptions have followed upon the cleaning of stones in the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Edinburgh (hereafter NMAS), and the Hunterian Museum, Universit f Glasgoyo w (hereafter HM) preparation i , re-displayr nfo mord an , e recently during preparatory work for the Scottish Fascicule of the Corpus of Roman Sculpture (Keppie & Arnold 1984). The following report is divided into three sections: I, improvements to the readings of inscriptions already publishe RIB;description da i , II stonef no s lont g helbu , NMAy db HM r So only recently perceive inscribede b o dt ; III resumdiscoveriea ,w ne f eo s made since 1954. -
Some Rescue Excavation on the Line of the Antonine Wall, 1973-6
Some rescue excavatio Antonine linth e f th e o n no e Wall, 1973-6 KeppiF J byL e The Antonine Wall is 60 km (37 miles) in length, but only 4-3-4-8 m (14-16 ft) wide; if the ditch which accompanies the Wall on the N side and the Military Way on its S side are included, we have her zonea f archaeologicaeo l importanc potentiad widem an 0 e6 runninc l g across central Scotland. As the Wall passes through some of the most populous districts of Scotland it particularls i y expose modero dt n development t merel No fort .e t als yWalth e sbu oth l curtain itsel constantle ar f t riskya , fro extensioe mth housinf no g estate industriad san l premises, from constructioe th improvemenr o n roaf o t d links frod layine an m, th pipelinef go cablesd an sr fo , electricity (Skinnel ,oi waterr o s r ga ,thi1973 n I . s respect,8) Antonine th , e Wall frontie hardls ri y unique t wherea provbu ,y ma et s i possibl rerouto et e road pipeliner so avoio st d known archaeo- logical sites or field monuments, the Wall runs across Scotland without a break: roads and pipe- lines wit hnorth-souta h alignment hav croso et t somewheresi followine Th . g pages give details excavation2 o1 f watching-briefr so Antonine linth e f sth e o carrie n o e t Waldou l curtain between June 197 Octobed 3an r 1976. Where possible, excavation took plac advancn ei f constructioeo n work or pipelaying, but in some cases all that could be achieved was for the archaeologist to be on hand as an observer, to collect as much information as could be gleaned in the short time available. -
Antonine Wall Suggested Route
AntonineHeritage Trail Wall Location of Antonine Wall Suggested Route OLD KILPATRICK FORT DUNTOCHER FORT CLEDDANS FORTLET On the 7th July 2008 the Antonine Should a visitor to West Dunbartonshire Wall was listed as an extension to the today visit Roman Crescent in Old World Heritage Site “The Frontiers Kilpatrick they would be standing at the of the Roman Empire”, by UNESCO, most northern frontier of the Roman joining Hadrian’s Wall and the Limes Empire, as Roman soldiers did over one Germanicus, the Germanic and Raetian thousand eight hundred years ago – an Frontiers, in Germany. The structure was empire which stretched from West named after the Emperor Antoninus Pius Dunbartonshire to present day Egypt and (86AD–161AD) who had ordered the the eastern shores of the Black Sea. reconquest of southern Scotland moving the Roman Frontier north from his predecessor’s frontier of Hadrian’s Wall between the Solway and the Tyne. A Victory Coin depicting the Emperor Antoninus Pius (reigned 138–161AD) © The Hunterian, University of Glasgow 2012 OLD KILPATRICK FORT DUNTOCHER FORT CLEDDANS FORTLET Map Data ©2013 Google The Antonine Wall The Antonine Wall enters West Dunbartonshire from the east near to the farm The Antonine Wall was constructed between named Cleddans, between Drumchapel and the present day settlement of Bo’ness, on Faifley and continues west through Duntocher the Firth of Forth, and Old Kilpartick, on and then down towards Old Kilpatrick the River Clyde, stretching to a length of 39 terminating on the banks of the Clyde close to miles (63 km) with construction beginning Gavinburn School. -
Some Excavation Along the Line of the Antonine Wall, 1981-85
Proc Antiqc So Scot, (1989)9 11 , 143-159 Some excavation along the line of the Antonine Wall, 1981-85 L J F Keppie* and J J Walker with contributions by G B Bailey, D F Devereux, J Frances Murray and J S Wood ABSTRACT The results of 19 excavations and watching briefs are presented, in geographical sequence from variouseast the west, to and improvements knowledgeour to discussed. are OBSERVATIONS INVERAVO1 N7978 (NG95 ) S RN Augusn I pipelines tga 198o 3tw s were laid acros Antonine linth e f sth eo e Wall frontiee th d an r defence adjacenn a f so t temporary camm0 eas30 pInveravof c to n Farm trence receivo t .Th g hdu e pipeo acrost tw scu e Wal e cam th d north-west/south-eassa th lan n po parallet alignmentse s wa l d an , to (and 11 m west of) an existing pipeline laid in 1976 (report by Mrs Lorna Main in Keppie 1976, 61). Excavation in advance of the laying of the new pipes and a watching-brief during pipelaying operations faile deteco dt stonewory an t k belongin rampare th o gt t base itself, except tha thia t n skif no slipped turfwor detectes pointe kwa on t da . However, bot ditche lipth f hso were locate e sidee th th f so n d i pipe-trench, showing a width of c 7-5 m. This corresponds to the width obtained in the nearby pipe-trench in 19761. The line now plotted is c 6 m south of that shown on current Ordnance Survey maps. -
Roman Roads of Britain
Roman Roads of Britain A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 04 Jul 2013 02:32:02 UTC Contents Articles Roman roads in Britain 1 Ackling Dyke 9 Akeman Street 10 Cade's Road 11 Dere Street 13 Devil's Causeway 17 Ermin Street 20 Ermine Street 21 Fen Causeway 23 Fosse Way 24 Icknield Street 27 King Street (Roman road) 33 Military Way (Hadrian's Wall) 36 Peddars Way 37 Portway 39 Pye Road 40 Stane Street (Chichester) 41 Stane Street (Colchester) 46 Stanegate 48 Watling Street 51 Via Devana 56 Wade's Causeway 57 References Article Sources and Contributors 59 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 61 Article Licenses License 63 Roman roads in Britain 1 Roman roads in Britain Roman roads, together with Roman aqueducts and the vast standing Roman army, constituted the three most impressive features of the Roman Empire. In Britain, as in their other provinces, the Romans constructed a comprehensive network of paved trunk roads (i.e. surfaced highways) during their nearly four centuries of occupation (43 - 410 AD). This article focuses on the ca. 2,000 mi (3,200 km) of Roman roads in Britain shown on the Ordnance Survey's Map of Roman Britain.[1] This contains the most accurate and up-to-date layout of certain and probable routes that is readily available to the general public. The pre-Roman Britons used mostly unpaved trackways for their communications, including very ancient ones running along elevated ridges of hills, such as the South Downs Way, now a public long-distance footpath. -
Ravennas and the Antonine Wall Mannjc *
Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 122 (1992), 189-195 Ravennas and the Antonine Wall MannJC * ABSTRACT The so-called Ravenna Cosmographer, in his description of Britain, has a very accurate section on Hadrian's Wall, providing an acceptable list of the forts, with their names, in the correct order. This manifestly is case the with not purported his Antoninethe the list for is it Wall,and object of this paper searchto possiblefor reasons this.for INTRODUCTION RAVENNE TH : A COSMOGRAPHE HADRIAN'D RAN S WALL assessinn I informatioe gth n tha Ravenne tth a Cosmographer provide Antonine th r sfo e Wall, s instructivii t looo et kinformatioe th firs t a t n whic suppliee hh r Hadrian'sfo s Wall t mighI . e b t expected tha informatioe tth Antonine th r nfo e Wall woul f comparablo e db e value. Cosmographee Th r list sfort e mos th f Hadrian' o sf o t s Wall maie Th . n sequence appeara n si section in which he is consciously listing a connected list of sites (which he calls civitates) stretching acros countrye sth , even thoug doee ht specificallh sno y describ sitee eth lyins sa g along a Wall (unlike the Notitia Dignitatum, which in a similar situation uses the words per lineam Valli). The Cosmographer states: iterum sunt civitates in ipsa Britania qu(a)e redo tramite de una pane in alia, id est de oceano in oceano esistunt, hac dividunt in tercia porcione ipsam Britaniam, id est. (There are also places in Britain itself, which stand in a direct line from one part to the other, tha fros i t m ocea oceano nt dividd thira an , f edof par Britainf o t : these are.) . -
The Antonine Wall in the Context of Spatial Analysis
STUDIA HERCYNIA XX/2, 40–66 To See and to be Seen – the Antonine Wall in the Context of Spatial Analysis Michal Dyčka ABSTRACT How did frontiers actually work? This essential question has been discussed over the last centuries through and through and the presented paper tries to offer a new perspective – this time by means of a landscape study and gaining an understanding of the positioning of individual forts on one of the short‑lived Roman frontiers, the Antonine Wall. In the spotlight of this study is the spatial positioning of individual forts and fortlets on the above‑mentioned frontier in terms of what could have been seen from them (visibility to the landscape and intervisibility with other Roman military installations) and how unique their locations were in terms of general accessibility (could they serve as natural blocking points?). A new approach is presented by using the Viewshed and Cost path analyses of the digital elevation model of the broader area around the Antonine Wall. KEYWORDS Antonine Wall; Viewshed analysis; Cost path analysis. INTRODUCTION Whenever we study the theme of Roman frontiers, we should always try to answer the fun- damental question: how did Roman frontiers actually work? This paper offers some new ideas about this subject, primarily on the basis of evidence collected by the use of the spatial analyses performed in the programs ArcGIS 10.3 and QGIS 1.8.0 Lisboa of one particular part of the Roman frontier system, the Antonine Wall. Two major issues are discussed in this paper: the visibility and intervisibility on the limes and questions concerning the accessibility of individual sites on the Antonine Wall. -
Further Information
Further Information www.alapp.eu www.antoninewall.org www.deutsche-limeskommission.de @RomanLimesApps C D DV Centre for Digital D ocumentation and Visualisation Below: Wine Barrel, 3D model Crown Copyright HES Below: Scanning at Rough Castle Fort © Crown Copyright HES Below Left: Oriental mask, Eining © Archaeological State Collection Munich; Manfred Eberlein Below Right: Statue of Mars, Eining-Weinberg © Archaeological State Collection Munich; Manfred Eberlein Creating digital resources for the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site. The Sites The Antonine Wall and the German Limes are part of the Europe wide ‘Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site’ (FREWHS). Above: Digital reconstruction Above: App testing of Bar Hill Fort © CDDV © Crown Copyright HES This represents the limits of the Roman Empire in the second century AD. A network of frontiers stretched This project will use digital models, 3D scans, The Partnership from the Atlantic coast in the west, to the Black Sea augmented reality and traditional interpretation, in the east; from central Scotland in the north, to the such as video and text, to create an engaging and ALApp brings together an experienced group of fringes of the Sahara Desert in the south. interactive experience for visitors across the Frontiers digital and heritage specialists: of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site. The FREWHS includes the remains of the ditches, • Historic Environment Scotland is the lead public banks, forts, watchtowers and military roads, body set up to investigate, care for and promote amongst other elements, required to keep the Roman The Project Scotland’s historic environment. Empire secure. The Advanced Limes Applications (ALApp) project • The Bavarian Museum Service is a department In Scotland, work will focus on the sites at Duntocher, brings together Scottish, German and Austrian of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Bearsden, Croy Hill, Watling Lodge, Kinneil and partners to create a mobile app platform and exciting Protection, Government of Bavaria. -
Antonine Wall World Heritage Site in the Falkirk Council Area World Heritage Site in the Falkirk Council Area
Discover The Frontiers of the Roman Empire Discover The Frontiers of the Roman Empire The Antonine Wal l The Antonine Wall World Heritage Site in the Falkirk Council area World Heritage Site in the Falkirk Council area Getting There Supported by Get your copy of the Falkirk Green Travel Map at www.falkirk.gov.uk/services or call 01324 504977 A NE FOR A' By Foot: If you live nearby. By Rail: Nearest train stations are at Camelon, Falkirk Grahamston, Falkirk High or Polmont. 9 0 0 2 . By Bus: For further information on bus l i c n times, No’s, routes etc. call the Transport u o Helpline on 01324 504724. C k r i k l a F , By Car: See location maps. s e c i v r e Thank you S d o To the many organisations, local o h r u individuals and landowners for their o b h co-operation and support. g i e N d easy to use n Further information a e t a www.antoninewall.org r o p r www.csft.org.uk o map and six C , t i www.falkirk.gov.uk n suggested locations U s n l www.falkirkonline.net i o c i t n a u www.historic-scotland.gov.uk c i o n something for C u k r www.kinneil.org.uk m i k m l everyone o a F www.srps.org.uk C y y b b www.thefalkirkwheel.co.uk d d e e c n u g www.visitscotland.com i d s o e r P D Discover The Frontiers of the Roman Empire Antonine Wall The Antonine Wall Facts World Heritage Site in the Falkirk Council area Frontiers of the Roman Empire The Antonine Wall has been placed on the World Heritage List, inscribed by UNESCO in 2008, for its value to all humanity.