EASPLS 2018 Abstract Booklet
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Weighing Falling Bodies. Galileo's Thought Experiment in The
Weighing Falling Bodies. Galileo’s Thought Experiment in the Development of his Dynamical Thinking. Maarten Van Dyck Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science Centre for History of Science Ghent University [email protected] {The author is research assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) – Flanders} 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Tim De Mey, without whom I would have never plunged so deep in Galileo’s thought experiment; Paolo Palmieri, who made the invaluable suggestion that I should have a look at the postils to Rocco , and whose comments on a first version of this paper helped to significantly improve both its contents and presentation; and Sabina Leonelli for her much appreciated assistance in translating the Italian fragments from the postils to Rocco. 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction: The intelligibility of dynamics – the dynamics of intelligibility PART I – Understanding weight as a dynamic factor: Ambiguities 2. La bilancetta : Understanding mixtures and transforming gravities 2.a Solving the crown problem 2.b Balancing mixtures and speeds 3. De motu : Attempts at an Archimedean natural philosophy 3.a The dynamics of De motu 3.b From equal volumes to unit volumes 4. De motu : Introducing the thought experiment 4.a A hidden assumption 4.b The dynamical conundrum 5. Discorso : The impotence of specific gravity as a dynamic factor 5.a Moment and absolute weight 5.b Moment and specific weight 5.c The extrapolation argument PART II – Understanding weight as a dynamic factor: Towards a resolution 6. Postille a Roco : Rethinking the thought experiment 6.a Re-presenting the thought experiment 6.b Resolving the dynamical conundrum 7. -
UGRD 2017 Spring Joskow Ariane.Pdf (714.5
On the Art of Teaching Medicine Ariane Joskow with Dr. Laura DeLozier Classics Department 29 April 2017 Overview • Who was Galen? • What did he teach? • How did he teach it? • Lasting effects • Conclusions Who was Galen? • Galen of Pergamon • Born in c. 130 CE • Studied in Pergamum, then in Alexandria in Egypt • In 162 moved to Rome, quickly gained notoriety for his success. • Served as physician to Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, and Septimius Severus. • Died in c. 216 CE Illustration of Galen with predecessor Hippocrates on cover of 1677 medical text Lipsiae by Georgii Frommani (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) What did Galen teach? • Built on the works of Hippocrates • Advocated medicine as a science above all – something to study and practice. • Advocated dissection as both a means of practicing surgery and understanding anatomy. • Taught and fully developed the field of humorism Humorism • Galen popularized the belief in the four humors • Symptoms manifest because of these imbalances • In treatment, opposites resolve imbalances (Kleisiaris 2014) • Every individual had a unique “correct” balance – peculiar only to them (Johnston Image from wikimedia commons 2016, p.2) (under public domain) Medicine as an Art • In all of Galen’s works he establishes medicine as a form of art. One need only look at the titles of so many of his works for reference. • Medicine was a “productive” art because “you can in fact show the result of the art when the practice of it stops. ” (Johnston 2016, p.21) • Considered to be practical and concrete - in the same vein as woodwork and painting, rather than in philosophy. -
In the Later Philosophy of Paul Feyerabend
Durham E-Theses Pluralism and the 'Problem of Reality' in the Later Philosophy of Paul Feyerabend KIDD, IAN,JAMES How to cite: KIDD, IAN,JAMES (2010) Pluralism and the 'Problem of Reality' in the Later Philosophy of Paul Feyerabend, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/864/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Kidd Pluralism and the ‘Problem of Reality’ in the Later Philosophy of Paul Feyerabend Abstract Feyerabend’s later philosophy was a sustained defence of cultural and epistemic diversity. After Against Method (1975) Feyerabend argued that his rejection of methodological monism challenged the presumed unity and superiority of scientific knowledge and practices. His later philosophy was therefore dedicated to a reassessment of the merits of a wide range of ‘non-scientific’ traditions present throughout non-Western indigenous cultures. -
Political Imagination in German Romanticism John Thomas Gill
Wild Politics : Political Imagination in German Romanticism John Thomas Gill A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D in the Department of Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Gabriel Trop Eric Downing Stefani Engelstein Jakob Norberg Aleksandra Prica i © 2020 John Thomas Gill ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT John Gill: Wild Politics : Political Imagination in German Romanticism (Under the direction of Gabriel Trop) The political discourse of German Romanticism is often interpreted reductively: as either entirely revolutionary, reactionary, or indeed apolitical in nature. Breaking with this critical tradition, this dissertation offers a new conceptual framework for political Romanticism called wild politics . I argue that Romantic wild politics generates a sense of possibility that calls into question pragmatic forms of implementing sociopolitical change; it envisions imaginative alternatives to the status quo that exceed the purview of conventional political thinking. Three major fields of the Romantic political imaginary organize this reading: affect, nature, and religion. Chapter 1 examines Novalis’ politics of affect. In his theory of the fairy tale—as opposed to the actual fairy tales he writes—Novalis proposes a political paradigm centered on the aesthetic dimension of love. He imagines a new Prussian state constituted by emotional attachments between the citizen and the monarch. Chapter 2 takes up the “new mythology” in the works of F.W.J. Schelling, Friedrich Schlegel, and Johann Wilhelm Ritter, the comprehensive project of reorienting modern life towards its most transformative potentials. -
Understanding the Progress of Science
Understanding the Progress of Science C. D. McCoy 30 May 2018 The central problem of epistemology has always been and still is the problem of the growth of knowledge. And the growth of knowledge can be studied best by studying the growth of scientific knowledge. —(Popper, 2002b, xix) Merely fact-minded sciences make merely fact-minded people. —(Husserl, 1970, 6) The growth of human knowledge is realized most dramatically in the growth of scientific knowledge. What we have come to know through science about the workings of our human bodies and the workings of heavenly bodies, among much else, astounds, especially in comparison to our accumulating knowledge of the commonplace and everyday. Impressed by the evident epistemic progress made by science, many philosophers during the 20th century thought that studying how scientific knowledge increases is a crucial task of epistemological inquiry, and, indeed, the progress of science has been a topic of considerable interest. Yet, eventually, late in the century, attention waned and for the most part shifted to other tasks. Recently, however, a provocative article by Bird has re-ignited philosophical interest in the topic of scientific progress (Bird, 2007). Bird criticizes what he takes to have been the most prominent accounts advanced in the 20th century and presses for what he views as a venerable but lately overlooked one. He claims that realist philosophers of science have often presumed that truth is the goal of science and progress to be properly characterized by an accu- mulation of truth or truths, and notes that anti-realists have often rejected truth as a goal of science and characterized progress in terms of, among other things, “problem-solving effectiveness.”1 He criticizes the former for overlooking the relevance of justification to progress and the latter for giving up on truth. -
A Critique of Humoristic Absurdism
A Critique of Humoristic Absurdism A Critique of Humoristic Absurdism Problematizing the legitimacy of a humoristic disposition toward the Absurd A Critique of Humoristic Absurdism Copyright © 2020 Thom Hamer Thom Hamer All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any way or by any means without the prior permission of the author or, when applicable, of the publishers of the scientific papers. Image on previous page: Yue Minjun (2003), Garbage Hill Student number: 3982815 Graphic design: Mirelle van Tulder Date: February 5th 2020 Printed by Ipskamp Printing Word count: 32,397 Institution: Utrecht University Contents Study: Research Master Philosophy Summary 9 Document: Final Thesis Foreword 10 Supervisor: prof. dr. Paul Ziche Introduction 12 Second Reader: dr. Hans van Stralen 1. The Philosophy of Humor 21 Third Reader: prof. dr. Mauro Bonazzi 1.1. A history of negligence and rejection 24 1.2. Important distinctions 33 1.3. Theories of humor 34 1.4. Defense of the Incongruity Theory 41 1.5. Relevance of relief and devaluation 52 1.6. Operational definition 54 2. The Notion of the Absurd 59 2.1. Camusian notion: meaninglessness 61 2.2. Tolstoyan notion: mortality 63 2.3. Nagelian notion: trivial commitments 67 2.4. Modified notion: dissolution of resolution 71 2.5. Justificatory guideline for a disposition toward the Absurd 78 3. Humoristic Absurdism 83 3.1. What is Humoristic Absurdism? 85 3.2. Cultural expressions of Humoristic Absurdism 87 3.3. Defense of Humoristic Absurdism 92 4. Objections against the humoristic disposition toward the Absurd 101 4.1. -
Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century
GEORGEMASON UNIVERSITY UNIVERSllY LIBRARIES THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF GERMAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ............................................................................................................................................................... Edited by MICHAEL N. FORSTER and KRISTIN GJESDAL OXFORD U N lV ERSITY PR ESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street , Oxford, o:u 6oP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a depart ment of the t:niver,11r of Chford It furthers the University's obJective of excellence m n·s~·arch, s.:hol.1r,h1r , . and edu cation by publishing wor ldwide . Oxford is a regmereJ trade mJrk ,,t Oxford University Press m the IJK and in certain other countnc, © The several contribu tors 1015 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition pub!t,hed 10 2015 Impress ion 1 All rights reserved . No part of this publication may be rerroJuceJ. stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any mea ns, without the prior permiss ion in writing of Oxford University Press, or as npreHl y pcrm1tteJ by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the arpropr1ate repr oi:raph1,, rights organi zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outsi de th e swre of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford tJ111vers1ty Pre,,, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impo se this same condit ion on any .icqu irt'r Published in the United States of America by Oxford University l're,s 198 Madison Avenue , New York, NY wo16, United StJ tes of Amer tCJ British Library Cataloguing in Puhlication l>Jta Data availa ble Library of Congress Control Numher: 2014946121 ISBN 978- 0 -19-969654 - 3 Printed and boun d by CPI Gro up (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CRO 4YY Links to thud party websites are provided by Oxford in !(OOJ faith anJ for information only. -
1 What's So Special About Model Organisms?
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE What makes a model organism? AUTHORS Leonelli, Sabina; Ankeny, Rachel A. JOURNAL Endeavour DEPOSITED IN ORE 15 January 2015 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/20864 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication What’s So Special About Model Organisms? Rachel A. Ankeny* and Sabina Leonelli *Corresponding author: email: [email protected] , mailing address: School of History and Politics, Napier 423, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005 SA, Australia, telephone: +61-8-8303-5570, fax: +61-8-8303-3443. Abstract This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target . We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. -
ICOHTEC NEWSLETTER O N 176, December 2020
ICOHTEC NEWSLETTER No 176, December 2020 www.icohtec.org Sound To Light System Sound Operated Lamp Switch Circuit The first real dedicated disco lights were invented in about 1968 when someone decided to control lighting using electronics (Transistors and Thyristors in those days, no silicon chips) the idea was to flash lamps to different frequencies, originally three channels. Basically one lamp would flash in time with the Bass frequency, one in time with the Middle and one in time with the Treble. For the first time Sound To Light was born. The sound of the light: https://youtu.be/vkVPXpSE_Us Newsletter of the International Committee for the History of Technology - ICOHTEC Editor: Francesco Gerali, The University of Oklahoma School of Library and Information Studies. Norman, OK, United States. Mail to [email protected] Newsletter of the International Committee for the History of Technology - ICOHTEC Editor: Francesco Gerali, 2020 IEEE Pugh Visiting Scholar, IEEE History Center, NJ, United States. Mail to [email protected] I. ICOHTEC I.1 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND THE 48TH SYMPOSIUM OF ICOHTEC GO ONLINE I.2 MAURICE DAUMAS PRIZE - ICOHTEC’S ARTICLE PRIZE I.3 TURRIANO ICOHTEC PRIZE 2021 - CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS I.4 ICON II. PRIZES III. JOURNALS IV. E-SCHOL@RSHIP IN THE V. OPEN ACCESS VI. CALLS FOR MANUSCRIPTS VII. CALLS FOR PAPERS VIII. PLASTICIDADE, UMA HISTÓRIA DOS PLÁSTICOS EM PORTUGAL, A HISTORY OF PLASTICS IN PORTUGAL IX. JOBS, POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS, AND RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS X. JOIN ICOHTEC 1 I. ICOHTEC I.1 26th International Congress of History of Science and Technology and the 48th Symposium of ICOHTEC go online Dear Colleagues and Friends, Due to the risks of a real meeting, the organizers of the 26th International Congress of History of Science and Technology, ICHST (25 – 31 July 2021), decided to organize the conference online. -
Kierkegaard and the Funny by Eric Linus Kaplan a Dissertation
Kierkegaard and the Funny By Eric Linus Kaplan A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Alva Noë, co-chair Professor Hubert Dreyfus, co-chair Professor Sean D. Kelly Professor Deniz Göktürk Summer 2017 Abstract Kierkegaard and the Funny by Eric Linus Kaplan Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy University of California, Berkeley Professor Alva Noë, co-chair Professor Hubert Dreyfus, co-chair This dissertation begins by addressing a puzzle that arises in academic analytic interpretations of Kierkegaard’s Concluding Unscientific Postscript. The puzzle arises when commentators try to paraphrase the book’s philosophical thesis “truth is subjectivity.” I resolve this puzzle by arguing that the motto “truth is subjectivity” is like a joke, and resists and invites paraphrase just as a joke does. The connection between joking and Kierkegaard’s philosophical practice is then deepened by giving a philosophical reconstruction of Kierkegaard's definition of joking as a way of responding to contradiction that is painless precisely because it sees the way out in mind. Kierkegaard’s account of joking and his account of his own philosophical project are used to mutually illuminate each other. The dissertation develops a phenomenology of retroactive temporality that explains how joking and subjective thinking work. I put forward an argument for why “existential humorism” is a valuable approach to life for Kierkegaard, but why it ultimately fails, and explain the relationship between comedy as a way of life and faith as a way of life, particularly as they both relate to risk. -
Arc of the Data Scientific Universe Leslie HDSR
The Arc of the Data Scientific Universe A comment on Sabina Leonelli’s “Data Science in Times of Pand(dem)ic” David Leslie, The Alan Turing Institute [email protected] To be published in Harvard Data Science Review (Winter 2021) Abstract In this paper explore the scaffolding of normative assumptions that supports Sabina Leonelli’s implicit appeal to the values of epistemic integrity and the global public good that conjointly animate the ethos of responsible and sustainable data work in the context of COVID-19. Drawing primarily on the writings of sociologist Robert K. Merton, the thinkers of the Vienna Circle, and Charles Sanders Peirce, I make some of these assumptions explicit by telling a longer story about the evolution of social thinking about the normative structure of science from Merton’s articulation of his well-known norms—those of universalism, communism, organized skepticism, and disinterestedness—to the present. I show that while Merton’s norms and his intertwinement of these with the underlying mechanisms of democratic order provide us with an especially good starting point to explore and clarify the commitments and values of science, Leonelli’s broader, more context-responsive, and more holistic vision of the epistemic integrity of data scientific understanding, and her discernment of the global and biospheric scope of its moral-practical reach, move beyond Merton’s schema in ways that effectively draw upon important critiques. Stepping past Merton, I argue that a combination of situated universalism, methodological pluralism, strong objectivity, and unbounded communalism must guide the responsible and sustainable data work of the future. -
Aspects of Theory-Ladenness in Data-Intensive Science1
Aspects of theory-ladenness in data-intensive science1 Wolfgang Pietsch2 Munich Center for Technology in Society, TU München, Munich, Germany Abstract Recent claims, mainly from computer scientists, concerning a largely automated and model- free data-intensive science have been countered by critical reactions from a number of philosophers of science. The debate suffers from a lack of detail in two respects, regarding (i) the actual methods used in data-intensive science and (ii) the specific ways in which these methods presuppose theoretical assumptions. I examine two widely-used algorithms, classificatory trees and non-parametric regression, and argue that these are theory-laden in an external sense, regarding the framing of research questions, but not in an internal sense concerning the causal structure of the examined phenomenon. With respect to the novelty of data-intensive science, I draw an analogy to exploratory as opposed to theory-directed experimentation. 1. Introduction Over the past decade, computer scientists have claimed that a new scientific methodology has become possible through advances in information technology (e.g. Gray 2007). This approach is supposed to be data-driven, strongly inductive, and relatively theory-independent. The epistemology of such data-intensive science has recently emerged as a novel topic in philosophy of science. Generally, the reactions have been rather critical, often referring to the more or less trivial observation that some kind of theory-ladenness always occurs in scientific research. But, as I will argue, this means throwing the baby out with the bathwater, since interesting shifts in the role of theory can indeed be observed when examining specific methods employed in data-intensive science.