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The Holistic Hippocrates: 'Treating the Patient, Not Just the Disease'
King, Helen. "The Holistic Hippocrates: ‘Treating the Patient, Not Just the Disease’." Hippocrates Now: The ‘Father of Medicine’ in the Internet Age. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. 133–154. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 24 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350005921.ch-007>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 24 September 2021, 04:27 UTC. Copyright © Helen King 2020. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 7 Th e Holistic Hippocrates: ‘Treating the Patient, N o t J u s t t h e D i s e a s e ’ I n t h i s fi nal chapter I want to look at the Hippocrates of today not through specifi c uses in news stories or in quotes, but through the invocation of his name in holistic (or, as we shall see, ‘wholistic’) medicine. Holism today presents itself as a return to a superior past, and brings Hippocrates in as part of this strategy. Th e model of the history of medicine implicit – or sometimes explicit – in holistic users of Hippocrates is one in which there was a golden age until ‘the turn away from holism in medicine allowed diseases to be located in specifi c organs, tissues or cells’.1 While there is something in this where ancient medicine is concerned, with its basis in fl uids rather than organs, this is of course also a tried and tested strategy for convincing an audience of the value of a ‘new’ thing: you claim it is ‘old’, or ancient, or just traditional. -
UGRD 2017 Spring Joskow Ariane.Pdf (714.5
On the Art of Teaching Medicine Ariane Joskow with Dr. Laura DeLozier Classics Department 29 April 2017 Overview • Who was Galen? • What did he teach? • How did he teach it? • Lasting effects • Conclusions Who was Galen? • Galen of Pergamon • Born in c. 130 CE • Studied in Pergamum, then in Alexandria in Egypt • In 162 moved to Rome, quickly gained notoriety for his success. • Served as physician to Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, and Septimius Severus. • Died in c. 216 CE Illustration of Galen with predecessor Hippocrates on cover of 1677 medical text Lipsiae by Georgii Frommani (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) What did Galen teach? • Built on the works of Hippocrates • Advocated medicine as a science above all – something to study and practice. • Advocated dissection as both a means of practicing surgery and understanding anatomy. • Taught and fully developed the field of humorism Humorism • Galen popularized the belief in the four humors • Symptoms manifest because of these imbalances • In treatment, opposites resolve imbalances (Kleisiaris 2014) • Every individual had a unique “correct” balance – peculiar only to them (Johnston Image from wikimedia commons 2016, p.2) (under public domain) Medicine as an Art • In all of Galen’s works he establishes medicine as a form of art. One need only look at the titles of so many of his works for reference. • Medicine was a “productive” art because “you can in fact show the result of the art when the practice of it stops. ” (Johnston 2016, p.21) • Considered to be practical and concrete - in the same vein as woodwork and painting, rather than in philosophy. -
Utilization of Alternative Systems of Medicine As Health Care Services in India: Evidence on AYUSH Care from NSS 2014
RESEARCH ARTICLE Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: Evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014 Shalini Rudra1☯, Aakshi Kalra2☯, Abhishek Kumar2☯, William Joe2☯* 1 Associate Fellow, Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi, India, 2 Population Research Centre, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University North Campus, Delhi, India ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 AYUSH, an acronym for Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa and Homeopathy represents the alternative systems of medicine recognized by the Gov- ernment of India. Understanding the patterns of utilization of AYUSH care has been impor- OPEN ACCESS tant for various reasons including an increased focus on its mainstreaming and integration with biomedicine-based health care system. Based on a nationally representative health Citation: Rudra S, Kalra A, Kumar A, Joe W (2017) Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as survey 2014, we present an analysis to understand utilization of AYUSH care across health care services in India: Evidence on AYUSH socioeconomic and demographic groups in India. Overall, 6.9% of all patients seeking out- care from NSS 2014. PLoS ONE 12(5): e0176916. patient care in the reference period of last two weeks have used AYUSH services without https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176916 any significant differentials across rural and urban India. Importantly, public health facilities Editor: Gianni Virgili, Universita degli Studi di play a key role in provisioning of AYUSH care in rural areas with higher utilization in Chhat- Firenze, ITALY tisgarh, Kerala and West Bengal. -
Political Imagination in German Romanticism John Thomas Gill
Wild Politics : Political Imagination in German Romanticism John Thomas Gill A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D in the Department of Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Gabriel Trop Eric Downing Stefani Engelstein Jakob Norberg Aleksandra Prica i © 2020 John Thomas Gill ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT John Gill: Wild Politics : Political Imagination in German Romanticism (Under the direction of Gabriel Trop) The political discourse of German Romanticism is often interpreted reductively: as either entirely revolutionary, reactionary, or indeed apolitical in nature. Breaking with this critical tradition, this dissertation offers a new conceptual framework for political Romanticism called wild politics . I argue that Romantic wild politics generates a sense of possibility that calls into question pragmatic forms of implementing sociopolitical change; it envisions imaginative alternatives to the status quo that exceed the purview of conventional political thinking. Three major fields of the Romantic political imaginary organize this reading: affect, nature, and religion. Chapter 1 examines Novalis’ politics of affect. In his theory of the fairy tale—as opposed to the actual fairy tales he writes—Novalis proposes a political paradigm centered on the aesthetic dimension of love. He imagines a new Prussian state constituted by emotional attachments between the citizen and the monarch. Chapter 2 takes up the “new mythology” in the works of F.W.J. Schelling, Friedrich Schlegel, and Johann Wilhelm Ritter, the comprehensive project of reorienting modern life towards its most transformative potentials. -
A Critique of Humoristic Absurdism
A Critique of Humoristic Absurdism A Critique of Humoristic Absurdism Problematizing the legitimacy of a humoristic disposition toward the Absurd A Critique of Humoristic Absurdism Copyright © 2020 Thom Hamer Thom Hamer All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any way or by any means without the prior permission of the author or, when applicable, of the publishers of the scientific papers. Image on previous page: Yue Minjun (2003), Garbage Hill Student number: 3982815 Graphic design: Mirelle van Tulder Date: February 5th 2020 Printed by Ipskamp Printing Word count: 32,397 Institution: Utrecht University Contents Study: Research Master Philosophy Summary 9 Document: Final Thesis Foreword 10 Supervisor: prof. dr. Paul Ziche Introduction 12 Second Reader: dr. Hans van Stralen 1. The Philosophy of Humor 21 Third Reader: prof. dr. Mauro Bonazzi 1.1. A history of negligence and rejection 24 1.2. Important distinctions 33 1.3. Theories of humor 34 1.4. Defense of the Incongruity Theory 41 1.5. Relevance of relief and devaluation 52 1.6. Operational definition 54 2. The Notion of the Absurd 59 2.1. Camusian notion: meaninglessness 61 2.2. Tolstoyan notion: mortality 63 2.3. Nagelian notion: trivial commitments 67 2.4. Modified notion: dissolution of resolution 71 2.5. Justificatory guideline for a disposition toward the Absurd 78 3. Humoristic Absurdism 83 3.1. What is Humoristic Absurdism? 85 3.2. Cultural expressions of Humoristic Absurdism 87 3.3. Defense of Humoristic Absurdism 92 4. Objections against the humoristic disposition toward the Absurd 101 4.1. -
A Brief Guide to Osteopathic Medicine for Students, by Students
A Brief Guide to Osteopathic Medicine For Students, By Students By Patrick Wu, DO, MPH and Jonathan Siu, DO ® Second Edition Updated April 2015 Copyright © 2015 ® No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine 5550 Friendship Boulevard, Suite 310 Chevy Chase, MD 20815-7231 Visit us on Facebook Please send any comments, questions, or errata to [email protected]. Cover Photos: Surgeons © astoria/fotolia; Students courtesy of A.T. Still University Back to Table of Contents Table of Contents Contents Dedication and Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................ ii Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Myth or Fact?....................................................................................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 1: What is a DO? .............................................................................................................................. -
Alternative Medicine and the Conventional Practitioner
ULSE PTHE MEDICAL STUDENT SECTION OF JAMA THE PROMISE AND DIFFICULTY OF INTEGRATING DIFFERENT HEALING TRADITIONS Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/24/2021 EDITOR’S NOTE PPUULSELSE Evaluating the Alternatives Editors in Chief Jonathan H. Lin, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Jonathan H. Lin, MA Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons The term alternative medicine has been leagues state in their report, engaging Ivan Oransky used interchangeably with comple- in yoga subsequent to open heart sur- New York University mentary medicine, integrative medi- gery can be dangerous. By working to- School of Medicine cine, and unconventional medicine. gether, surgeons and yoga instructors While these names encompass many have modified these exercises to allevi- Senior Editor healing practices outside the realm of ate pressure on the thoracic cavity. Ac- Li-Yu Huang, MHS allopathic medicine, they are not nec- knowledging the prevalence of alterna- Texas A&M University Health Science Center essarily equivalent and are often inac- tive therapies might allow physicians to College of Medicine curate in describing the practice and incorporate those that are beneficial in use of alternative medicine in the the regimen toward complete recovery. Associate Editors United States. Can alternative therapies be inte- Bryan K. Chan For example, not all alternative grated with allopathic practices to pro- Stanford University therapies complement allopathic duce improved patient outcomes? School of Medicine medicine. As Megan Johnson illus- Without rigorous research, it is impos- Scott Gottlieb trates in her essay, homeopaths might sible to identify those therapies that Mount Sinai School of Medicine treat a runny nose by prescribing reproducibly benefit patients’ health. -
Kierkegaard and the Funny by Eric Linus Kaplan a Dissertation
Kierkegaard and the Funny By Eric Linus Kaplan A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Alva Noë, co-chair Professor Hubert Dreyfus, co-chair Professor Sean D. Kelly Professor Deniz Göktürk Summer 2017 Abstract Kierkegaard and the Funny by Eric Linus Kaplan Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy University of California, Berkeley Professor Alva Noë, co-chair Professor Hubert Dreyfus, co-chair This dissertation begins by addressing a puzzle that arises in academic analytic interpretations of Kierkegaard’s Concluding Unscientific Postscript. The puzzle arises when commentators try to paraphrase the book’s philosophical thesis “truth is subjectivity.” I resolve this puzzle by arguing that the motto “truth is subjectivity” is like a joke, and resists and invites paraphrase just as a joke does. The connection between joking and Kierkegaard’s philosophical practice is then deepened by giving a philosophical reconstruction of Kierkegaard's definition of joking as a way of responding to contradiction that is painless precisely because it sees the way out in mind. Kierkegaard’s account of joking and his account of his own philosophical project are used to mutually illuminate each other. The dissertation develops a phenomenology of retroactive temporality that explains how joking and subjective thinking work. I put forward an argument for why “existential humorism” is a valuable approach to life for Kierkegaard, but why it ultimately fails, and explain the relationship between comedy as a way of life and faith as a way of life, particularly as they both relate to risk. -
How the New Atheists Are Reminding the Humanities of Their Place and Purpose in Society
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2018 The emperor's new clothes: how the new atheists are reminding the humanities of their place and purpose in society. David Ira Buckner University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Buckner, David Ira, "The emperor's new clothes: how the new atheists are reminding the humanities of their place and purpose in society." (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3112. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/3112 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EMPEROR’S NEW CLOTHES: HOW THE NEW ATHEISTS ARE REMINDING THE HUMANITIES OF THEIR PLACE AND PURPOSE IN SOCIETY By David Ira Buckner B.S., East Tennessee State University, 2006 M.A., East Tennessee State University, 2008 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy -
Medievalism in the Age of COVID-19: a Collegial Plenitude,” Comp
Medievalism in the Age of COVID-19: A Collegial Plenitude Compiled and edited by Richard Utz When reposting or quoting this compilation, we request you attribute its first place and time of publication: “Medievalism in the Age of COVID-19: A Collegial Plenitude,” comp. & ed. Richard Utz, Medievally Speaking, May 4, 2020: https://medievallyspeaking.blogspot.com/2020/05/medievalism-in-age-of-covid-19.html. Introduction About four decades ago, when Leslie J. Workman organized the first sessions on the subject of Medievalism at the International Congress on Medieval Studies, few people listened. As a paradigm, Medievalism Studies questioned the prevalent scholarly notion of an unbridgeable chasm between ourselves and the medieval artifacts and subjects we study. Only a scientific and distanced approach to this almost incomprehensibly different era, so scholars of Medieval Studies professed, would yield reliable results. Medievalism was branded as something amateurs, dilettantes, and enthusiasts do. As I am writing the intro to this collection of news, reflections, reports, shout outs, and vignettes, it is as clear as is the summer sun that the paradigm of Medievalism has helped transform the way we study and engage with the medieval past. By focusing on the humanity of medieval people and their emotions and motivations, and by understanding and embracing our own (sublimated) desire for a deep engagement with the medieval past, we have enriched and humanized our own present as well as the past we investigate, re-present, and reenact. Journals, book series, essay collections, blogs, radio programs, videos, podcasts, and annual conferences attest to an almost omnipresent multimodal rendezvous with the past that investigates and acknowledges the multiple mirrors through time that influence our contemporary scholarly and creative reinventions of the Middle Ages. -
Epidemiology Explore Lab Science What Is Epidemiology?
Epidemiology Explore Lab Science What is Epidemiology? Epidemiology is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of disease in a defined population. It is essential for identifying the risk factors of a disease and, ultimately, to prevent outbreaks. Hippocrates The Greek physician Hippocrates is believed to be the first epidemiologist. He was the first to link environmental exposures to disease. He didn’t have it quite right though - he believed that sickness was caused by an “imbalance of humors:” blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. To treat sickness he believed you must add or remove a humor, one of the treatments being blood letting. The four humors. Epidemic vs Endemic Hippocrates was the first to make the distinction between epidemic and endemic diseases. The former being newly established disease in a population and the latter being disease that is always present at some capacity in a population. For example, Zika is currently considered an epidemic. While STDs can be considered endemic in certain parts of the world. Girolamo Fracastoro In the 16th century an Italian doctor by the name of Girolamo Fracastoro hypothesized that it was actually small, living particles that cause disease, not humorism. He wrote a book promoting personal and environmental hygiene as a way to prevent disease and introduced the idea of non-living things, such as clothing, harboring infectious agents. Germ Theory The Germ Theory suggested by Fracastoro wasn’t proven until a powerful enough microscope was invented to provide visible evidence of the living particles, or microbes. In 1675, Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe single cell organisms using one of his handmade microscopes. -
Nineteenth-Century American Medicine: the Implications of Professionalism, Capitalism, and Implicit Bias
Nineteenth-Century American Medicine: The Implications of Professionalism, Capitalism, and Implicit Bias DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Amy Gregg, B.A., M.A. Graduate Program in Comparative Studies The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: Maurice E. Stevens, Advisor Robert A. Buerki Christine Ballengee-Morris Copyright by Amy Gregg 2017 Abstract An examination of the history of medicine and pharmacy uncovers evidence of struggles among rival groups of practitioners in the process of establishing modern professional standards. Within these struggles, there is unmistakable evidence of bias during the nineteenth century that privileged the perspectives of the wealthy elite of American society. Drawing upon critical race theory, and the process of racialization as described by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, this dissertation explores the development of medicine and pharmacy in the United States during the nineteenth century with respect to their maturation as it relates to the struggle for authority between sectarian and allopathic practitioners. It focuses on the impact that implicit bias had on what was considered legitimate medicine and who was valued as an authentic physician. The work of Dr. Francis Peyre Porcher constitutes a significant illustration: Porcher’s fifty-year career as a medical practitioner, researcher, and influential writer represents a synthesis of his interests in botanic medicine and the most advanced medical practices of his day, which he learned from his studies at the Medical School of South Carolina and France’s Paris Clinic. The ensuing period from the late nineteenth century through the twentieth century effectively sidelined practices such as botanic medicine as industrialization and capitalism institutionalized medicine and pharmacy into large corporations.