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Determinants of Non-Farm Entrepreneurial Intentions in a Transitional Context: Evidence from Rural Bulgaria

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Determinants of Non-Farm Entrepreneurial Intentions in a Transitional Context: Evidence from Rural Bulgaria A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Traikova, Diana Research Report Determinants of non-farm entrepreneurial intentions in a transitional context: Evidence from rural Bulgaria Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe, No. 72 Provided in Cooperation with: Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale) Suggested Citation: Traikova, Diana (2013) : Determinants of non-farm entrepreneurial intentions in a transitional context: Evidence from rural Bulgaria, Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe, No. 72, ISBN 978-3-938584-75-0, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale), http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-26914 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/88182 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Diana Traikova • Determinants of non-farm entrepreneurial intentions in a transitional context a transitional in intentions entrepreneurial non-farm of • Determinants Traikova Diana In der Schriftenreihe Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe werden durch das IAMO Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector MonographienIn der Schriftenreihe und Tagungsberichte Studies on theherausgegeben, Agricultural anddie Foodsich in Central and Eastern Europe mitSector agrarökonomischen in Central and EasternFragestell Europeungen zuwerden Mittel- durch und Osteuropa das IAMO beschäftigen.Monographien Wissenschaftlern, und Tagungsberichte die in diesemherausgegeben, Bereich forschen, die sich stehtmit agrarökonomischen die Schriftenreihe al Fragestells Diskussionsforumungen zu Mittel- offen. und Osteuropa beschäftigen. Wissenschaftlern, die in diesem Bereich forschen, steht die Schriftenreihe als Diskussionsforum offen. In its series Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO publishes monographs and proceedings focusingIn its series on agriculturalStudies on theeconomicAgricultural issues and specific Food Sector to Central in Central and Easternand Eastern Europe. Europe This IAMOseries publishesoffers a forum monog toraphs researchers and proceedings studying thisfocusing area. on agricultural economic issues specific to Central and Eastern Europe. This series offers a forum to researchers studying this area. LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FÜR AGRARENTWICKLUNG IN MITTEL- UND OSTEUROPA ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-938584-75-0 ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-938584-75-0 72 Determinants of non-farm entrepreneurial intentions in a transitional context Evidence from rural Bulgaria Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Edited by Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO Volume 72 Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Determinants of non-farm entrepreneurial Edited by Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development intentions in a transitional context in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO Evidence from rural Bulgaria Volume 72 by Diana Traikova IAMO 2013 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists the publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at: http://dnb.ddb.de. This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree "doctor agriculturarum" by the Faculty of Natural Sciences III at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg on 02.04.2012. Date of oral examination: 15.10.2012 Supervisor and Reviewer: Prof. Dr. G. Buchenrieder Co-Reviewer: Prof. Dr. T. Herzfeld Co-Reviewer: Prof. Dr. S. Davidova Diese Veröffentlichung kann kostenfrei im Internet unter <www.iamo.de/dok/sr_vol72pdf> heruntergeladen werden. This publication can be downloaded free from the website <www.iamo.de/dok/sr_vol72pdf>. © 2013 Leibniz-Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Tel.: 49 (345) 2928-0 Fax: 49 (345) 2928-199 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.iamo.de ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-938584-75-0 Посвещавам тази книга на семейството ми. Благодарение на вас аз съм човекът, който съм. Въпреки хилядите километри между нас, вие винаги сте в сърцето ми. То е българско. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Holding the printed final draft of this dissertation is an exciting experience for me. It is the last step of a long journey. It started when I came from Bulgaria to Germany for my M.Sc. studies. I had the luck to meet two extraordinary women, who showed me how inspirational science can be: Gertrud Buchenrieder and Judith Möllers. They were my mentors all the way. Their passion and example helped me to transform from a shy Bulgarian girl looking for a student assistant job to a Ph.D. candidate. They taught me to believe in myself, to keep asking until I find the real answer and to get up when I fall down. They always had an open ear for me, even at the cost of their scarce family time. Thank you from the depth of my heart! Many other people also supported me in this journey. I would like to thank Martin Petrick for his honest, constructive and detailed feedback. Thanks to Jana Fritzsch for encouraging me to pick structural equations as a modelling approach. Thank you, Gabi Mewes, for assisting me with paperwork and always having a smile and good word for me. I am grateful to the data collectors involved and their team leader Hristina Harizanova for providing her personal car and driving us in the deepest rural areas even under harsh winter conditions. Thanks also to Cornelia Suta for providing a data entry mask. The data was collected with the participation of the European Community through the SCARLED research project. Also IAMO assisted me financially and provided great research conditions. The IAMO Graduate School made it possible to join many external seminars and learn from some of the best people in our field. I would like to thank my IAMO friends for the great time we had in Halle and the international perspective they gave me. Diana Traikova, April 2012 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Regionale Disparitäten, geringe Einkommen, Arbeitslosigkeit und der fortschrei- tende Bevölkerungsrückgang in vielen europäischen ländlichen Regionen sind die Motivation für diese Forschungsarbeit. Der Fokus dieser Studie richtet sich auf ländliches Unternehmertum als möglichen Ausweg aus den genannten sozioökonomischen Problemen. Bis jetzt hat sich die Forschung im Bereich des Unternehmertums hauptsächlich auf städtische Einwohner entwickelter Länder konzentriert. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich dagegen mit dem länd- lichen Raum in Bulgarien – einem Land, das den schwierigen Weg der Transition von Planwirtschaft zu Marktwirtschaft gegangen ist. Es ist mittlerweile Vollmitglied der Europäischen Union, hat aber immer noch mit einer ausgeprägten Mentalität der Vetternwirtschaft und Korruption zu kämpfen. Sie bedingt, dass die meisten ökonomischen Entscheidungen durch Korruptionspraktiken begleitet werden und ist ein Erbe aus kommunistischen Zeiten. Wenn die Verhaltensökonomik die Gründung von Unternehmen verstehen will, sollte dieser Aspekt nicht vernachlässigt werden. Die vorliegende Studie macht einen Schritt in diese Richtung, indem sie sich auf die Suche nach den Bestimmungsfaktoren der Gründung außerlandwirt- schaftlicher Kleinunternehmen im ländlichen Raum Bulgariens macht. Ausgangspunkt der Forschung ist eine etablierte und vielfach getestete Theorie – Ajzen’s Theorie des Geplanten Verhaltens. Ihre Konstrukte (nämlich Einstellungen, soziale Normen und wahrgenommene Verhaltenskontrolle) wurden als Herz eines maßgeschneiderten analytischen Rahmens übernommen. Das Modell von Ajzen wurde aufbauend auf den theoretischen und empirischen Ergebnissen aus der Forschung zur außerlandwirtschaftlichen ländlichen Ökonomie angepasst, so dass es die Push-Pull-Motivation abbilden kann. Zusätzlich wurde die Kapitalausstattung als Determinante der Gründungsabsichten aufgenommen. Die Arbeit beinhaltet zudem eine theoretische Innovation, indem sie die Wahrnehmung der Korruption als Konstrukt in dem analytischen Rahmen
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