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Report and Analysis of the Survey: REPORT AND ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY “A TRUCK DRIVER’S LIFE: WORKING CONDITIONS AND SEXUAL HEALTH”: HIV AND LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT IN PARAGUAY 2 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012 First edition 2012 Publications of the International Labour Organization (ILO) are protected under the intellectual property rights established in Protocol 2 annexed to the Universal Copyright Convention. However, some brief extracts of these publications may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is acknowledged. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate ILO publications should be addressed to ILO Publications (Copyright and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by electronic mail to: [email protected]. All such requests would be welcomed. ILO Santiago, International Labour Office, 2012 REPORT AND ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY “A TRUCK DRIVER’S LIFE: WORKING CONDITIONS AND SEXUAL HEALTH”. HIV AND LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT IN PARAGUAY. ISBN 978-92-2-125670-0 (web pdf) Also Available in Spanish Informe y análisis de la encuesta “Vida de camioneros: Condiciones de trabajo y salud sexual”. El VIH y el transporte de larga distancia en Paraguay (ISBN 978-92-2-325669-2) Santiago (2011) HIV/AIDS/vulnerable groups/health care at work/working conditions/transport workers/Paraguay ILO cataloguing data The designations used, in accordance with United Nations practice, and the manner in which the data are presented in ILO publications, do not imply the expression of any judgement whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office on the legal status of any of the countries, zones or territories mentioned or of their authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions are the exclusive responsibility of their authors, and their publication does not imply endorsement by ILO. Reference to commercial firms, processes or products does not imply any endorsement whatsoever by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention the name of a particular commercial firm, process or product is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications, catalogues and lists of new publications can be obtained from Avenida Dag Hammarskjöld 3177, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, or PO Box 19034, CP 6681962, e-mail: [email protected] Visit our website at www.oitchile.cl Edited in Chile. 3 Contents Suggestions for reading this report ................................................................................................ 6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ 7 Vocabulary ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9 General objective ..................................................................................................................... 11 Specific objectives .................................................................................................................... 11 Methodology and techniques employed - Field work implementation ................................... 12 The quantitative component: The survey..................................................................................... 12 A survey with a difference ....................................................................................................... 13 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 14 1. Personal characteristics of the survey respondents.......................................................... 15 1.1 Distribution by survey location of the survey respondents participating in the survey of long-distance truck and bus drivers in Paraguay (EC Py-2010) ....... 15 1.2 Distribution of the survey respondents by place of residence ................................. 16 1.3 Distribution of the survey respondents by age......................................................... 17 1.4 Distribution of the survey respondents by marital status ........................................ 18 1.5 Distribution of the survey respondents by level of education .................................. 19 1.6 Distribution of the survey respondents by health-care coverage ............................. 20 2. Work history and working conditions ............................................................................... 21 2.1 Distribution of the survey respondents according to the number of years they have been working as truck or bus drivers ....................................................... 21 2.2 Distribution of the survey respondents by ownership of the transport vehicle ....... 22 2.3 Distribution of the survey respondents by employment situation ........................... 23 4 3. Characteristics of the journeys and routes covered .......................................................... 24 3.1 Distribution of the survey respondents by fixed route ............................................. 25 3.2 Distribution of the sample population of truck and bus drivers by the average number of round trips per month ........................................................ 26 3.3 Distribution of the truck and bus drivers interviewed by the average duration of each round trip ..................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Most frequently travelled routes .............................................................................. 28 3.5 Most frequent points of loading and unloading ....................................................... 31 3.6 Distribution of the survey respondents by route stop locations .............................. 32 3.7 Distribution of the survey respondents by average route stop time ........................ 33 3.8 Distribution of the survey respondents by accompanied or unaccompanied travel .............................................................................................. 34 3.9 Distribution of the survey respondents by recreational activities during working hours ........................................................................................................... 36 3.10 Distribution of the survey respondents by location of rest stop to sleep ................. 38 4. Behaviour, and perceptions about behaviour, relating to sexuality, health, HIV and AIDS ...................................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Truck and bus drivers interviewed on occasional sexual relationships (not involving a monetary transaction) .................................................................... 40 4.2 Truck and bus drivers interviewed and transactional sexual relationships involving money ....................................................................................................... 44 4.3 Distribution of the survey respondents by whether or not they had ever had sexual relations with transgender persons, and whether these had taken place during the past year – Perceptions about this behaviour ............................... 49 4.4 Distribution of the survey respondents by whether or not they had ever had sexual relations with another man, and whether this had taken place during the past year – Perceptions about this behaviour ......................................... 52 4.5 Sexual behaviour ...................................................................................................... 55 4.6 Distribution of the survey respondents by availability of condoms in the truck or vehicle ................................................................................................... 57 4.7 Distribution of the survey respondents by places where they bought or acquired condoms ................................................................................................ 59 5 5. Distribution of the truck and bus drivers interviewed by specific knowledge about the transmission, prevention and treatment of HIV and AIDS ......................................... 60 5.1. Distribution of the truck and bus drivers interviewed by knowledge of HIV prevention and transmission .................................................................................... 60 5.2 Distribution of the truck and bus drivers interviewed by their knowledge of HIV treatment ....................................................................................................... 63 5.3 Distribution of the truck and bus drivers interviewed by their perception of discrimination in the workplace due to HIV diagnosis ......................................... 65 6. Distribution of the survey respondents by personal perception of risk of exposure to HIV and health in general ............................................................................. 66 6.1 Distribution of the truck and bus drivers interviewed by personal perception of their vulnerability to HIV infection ....................................................................... 66 6.2 Distribution of the truck and bus drivers interviewed by acquaintance with persons living with HIV ............................................................................................. 67 6.3 Distribution
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