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Status of Implementation in South America of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024

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Status of Implementation in South America of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024 ISSN 1680-872X SERIES INTERNATIONAL TRADE 146 Status of implementation in South America of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024 Gabriel Pérez Ricardo J. Sánchez Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication ECLAC Publications Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. www.cepal.org/en/publications ublicaciones www.cepal.org/apps 146 Status of implementation in South America of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024 Gabriel Pérez Ricardo J. Sánchez This document was prepared by Gabriel Pérez and Ricardo Sánchez of the Infrastructure Services Unit of the International Trade and Integration Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). A perliminary version of this document was presented as background report at the midterm review meeting of Latin American countries preparatory to the comprehensive midterm review of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–2024, held at ECLAC headquarters on 11 and 12 June 2019. The authors appreciate the valuable contributions made by the consultants, David Suárez and Isabelle Turcotte, who worked on the preliminary version of this document, as well as the representatives of the landlocked and transit countries who participated in the meeting. The report also had the support of the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS) and was funded as part of the project, entitled “Strengthening the capacity of Landlocked Developing Countries under the ’Belt and Road Initiative’ to design and implement policies that promote transport connectivity for the achievement of the SDGs”, which is financed by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sub-Fund of the United Nations Peace and Development Trust Fund. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations publication ISSN: 1680-872X (electronic version) ISSN: 1680-869X (print version) LC/TS.2019/85 Distribution: L Copyright © United Nations, 2019 All rights reserved Printed at United Nations, Santiago S.19-00969 This publication should be cited as: G. Pérez and R. Sánchez, “Status of implementation in South America of the Vienna Programme of Action form Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024”, International Trade series, No. 146 (LC/TS.2019/85), Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), 2019. Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Publications and Web Services Division, [email protected]. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. ECLAC – International Trade Series N° 146 Status of implementation in South America of the Vienna... 3 Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................13 I. Guiding frameworks and principles to achieve sustainable development in landlocked countries .....................................................................................................................................15 A. The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development ...........................................................................15 B. The Vienna Programme of Action (VPoA) .......................................................................................16 C. National Development Plans and their alignment with the 2030 Agenda and the VPoA ............................................................................................................................................18 D. The National Development Plan of the Plurinational State of Bolivia....................................19 E. Bolivia (Plurinational State of): transport legal and regulatory frameworks, and transport system policies ............................................................................................................. 20 1. Policies to improve the road network .....................................................................................21 2. Policies to improve the railway network: ................................................................................21 3. Policies to improve air transport infrastructure ................................................................... 22 4. Policies to improve inland water transport ........................................................................... 22 5. Policies to improve pipeline transport ................................................................................... 23 F. The National Development Plan of Paraguay ............................................................................... 23 G. Paraguay: transport legal and regulatory frameworks, and transport system policies ......................................................................................................................................... 24 1. Policies to improve the road network .................................................................................... 25 2. Policies to improve the railway network ................................................................................ 25 3. Policies to improve air transport infrastructure ................................................................... 26 4. Policies to improve inland waterway transport ................................................................... 26 ECLAC – International Trade Series N° 146 Status of implementation in South America of the Vienna... 4 II. The status of implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action in Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay ..................................................................................... 27 A. Priority 1: fundamental transit policy issues ................................................................................... 27 1. Transit policy agreements and institutional reforms ......................................................... 27 2. Progress and achievements in transit and trade facilitation ........................................... 32 B. Priority 2a: development and maintenance of transport infrastructure ......................... 40 1. Review of transport connectivity in the Plurinational State of Bolivia ......................... 40 2. Review of transport connectivity in Paraguay ...................................................................... 49 3. Primary funds to develop and maintain economic and services infrastructure .............. 55 C. Priority 2b: infrastructure development and maintenance: energy and information and communications technology ...................................................................................................... 65 1. Electric energy in Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay .................................... 65 2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay ................................................................................................................................... 68 3. E-Commerce ................................................................................................................................... 72 D. Priority 3: international trade and trade facilitation .................................................................... 75 1. International trade of Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ........................................................ 75 2. International trade of Paraguay ................................................................................................ 80 3. Value added of exports ............................................................................................................... 84 4. Enabling environment for trade facilitation .......................................................................... 87 E. Priority 4: regional integration and cooperation.......................................................................... 88 1. Transport and transit agreements between Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay .................................................................................................................................. 89 F. Priority 5: structural economic transformation ..............................................................................91 1. The economic context.................................................................................................................. 92 2. The social context .......................................................................................................................... 95 3. Structure of exports in Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay .........................
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